diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst
index 8ea83a5..580ab9a 100644
--- a/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst
+++ b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst
@@ -564,6 +564,25 @@
 read-write mount and will result in an error.
 
 
+Volatile mount
+--------------
+
+This is enabled with the "volatile" mount option.  Volatile mounts are not
+guaranteed to survive a crash.  It is strongly recommended that volatile
+mounts are only used if data written to the overlay can be recreated
+without significant effort.
+
+The advantage of mounting with the "volatile" option is that all forms of
+sync calls to the upper filesystem are omitted.
+
+When overlay is mounted with "volatile" option, the directory
+"$workdir/work/incompat/volatile" is created.  During next mount, overlay
+checks for this directory and refuses to mount if present. This is a strong
+indicator that user should throw away upper and work directories and create
+fresh one. In very limited cases where the user knows that the system has
+not crashed and contents of upperdir are intact, The "volatile" directory
+can be removed.
+
 Testsuite
 ---------
 
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
index d07fb92..955ecd4 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/copy_up.c
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@
 	       !strncmp(name, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN);
 }
 
-int ovl_copy_xattr(struct dentry *old, struct dentry *new)
+int ovl_copy_xattr(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *old,
+		   struct dentry *new)
 {
 	ssize_t list_size, size, value_size = 0;
 	char *buf, *name, *value = NULL;
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@
 		}
 		list_size -= slen;
 
-		if (ovl_is_private_xattr(name))
+		if (ovl_is_private_xattr(sb, name))
 			continue;
 retry:
 		size = vfs_getxattr(old, name, value, value_size);
@@ -128,7 +129,8 @@
 	return error;
 }
 
-static int ovl_copy_up_data(struct path *old, struct path *new, loff_t len)
+static int ovl_copy_up_data(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct path *old,
+			    struct path *new, loff_t len)
 {
 	struct file *old_file;
 	struct file *new_file;
@@ -218,7 +220,7 @@
 		len -= bytes;
 	}
 out:
-	if (!error)
+	if (!error && ovl_should_sync(ofs))
 		error = vfs_fsync(new_file, 0);
 	fput(new_file);
 out_fput:
@@ -354,7 +356,8 @@
 }
 
 /* Store file handle of @upper dir in @index dir entry */
-static int ovl_set_upper_fh(struct dentry *upper, struct dentry *index)
+static int ovl_set_upper_fh(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *upper,
+			    struct dentry *index)
 {
 	const struct ovl_fh *fh;
 	int err;
@@ -363,7 +366,7 @@
 	if (IS_ERR(fh))
 		return PTR_ERR(fh);
 
-	err = ovl_do_setxattr(index, OVL_XATTR_UPPER, fh->buf, fh->fb.len, 0);
+	err = ovl_do_setxattr(ofs, index, OVL_XATTR_UPPER, fh->buf, fh->fb.len);
 
 	kfree(fh);
 	return err;
@@ -408,7 +411,7 @@
 	if (IS_ERR(temp))
 		goto free_name;
 
-	err = ovl_set_upper_fh(upper, temp);
+	err = ovl_set_upper_fh(OVL_FS(dentry->d_sb), upper, temp);
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
 
@@ -484,6 +487,7 @@
 
 static int ovl_copy_up_inode(struct ovl_copy_up_ctx *c, struct dentry *temp)
 {
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = OVL_FS(c->dentry->d_sb);
 	int err;
 
 	/*
@@ -499,12 +503,13 @@
 		upperpath.dentry = temp;
 
 		ovl_path_lowerdata(c->dentry, &datapath);
-		err = ovl_copy_up_data(&datapath, &upperpath, c->stat.size);
+		err = ovl_copy_up_data(ofs, &datapath, &upperpath,
+				       c->stat.size);
 		if (err)
 			return err;
 	}
 
-	err = ovl_copy_xattr(c->lowerpath.dentry, temp);
+	err = ovl_copy_xattr(c->dentry->d_sb, c->lowerpath.dentry, temp);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
@@ -781,9 +786,33 @@
 	return true;
 }
 
+static ssize_t ovl_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *name, char **value)
+{
+	ssize_t res;
+	char *buf;
+
+	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, NULL, 0);
+	if (res == -ENODATA || res == -EOPNOTSUPP)
+		res = 0;
+
+	if (res > 0) {
+		buf = kzalloc(res, GFP_KERNEL);
+		if (!buf)
+			return -ENOMEM;
+
+		res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, buf, res);
+		if (res < 0)
+			kfree(buf);
+		else
+			*value = buf;
+	}
+	return res;
+}
+
 /* Copy up data of an inode which was copied up metadata only in the past. */
 static int ovl_copy_up_meta_inode_data(struct ovl_copy_up_ctx *c)
 {
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = OVL_FS(c->dentry->d_sb);
 	struct path upperpath, datapath;
 	int err;
 	char *capability = NULL;
@@ -799,12 +828,12 @@
 
 	if (c->stat.size) {
 		err = cap_size = ovl_getxattr(upperpath.dentry, XATTR_NAME_CAPS,
-					      &capability, 0);
-		if (err < 0 && err != -ENODATA)
+					      &capability);
+		if (cap_size < 0)
 			goto out;
 	}
 
-	err = ovl_copy_up_data(&datapath, &upperpath, c->stat.size);
+	err = ovl_copy_up_data(ofs, &datapath, &upperpath, c->stat.size);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_free;
 
@@ -813,14 +842,14 @@
 	 * don't want that to happen for normal copy-up operation.
 	 */
 	if (capability) {
-		err = ovl_do_setxattr(upperpath.dentry, XATTR_NAME_CAPS,
-				      capability, cap_size, 0);
+		err = vfs_setxattr(upperpath.dentry, XATTR_NAME_CAPS,
+				   capability, cap_size, 0);
 		if (err)
 			goto out_free;
 	}
 
 
-	err = vfs_removexattr(upperpath.dentry, OVL_XATTR_METACOPY);
+	err = ovl_do_removexattr(ofs, upperpath.dentry, OVL_XATTR_METACOPY);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_free;
 
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/dir.c b/fs/overlayfs/dir.c
index 1bba481..28a075b 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/dir.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/dir.c
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@
 	if (IS_ERR(opaquedir))
 		goto out_unlock;
 
-	err = ovl_copy_xattr(upper, opaquedir);
+	err = ovl_copy_xattr(dentry->d_sb, upper, opaquedir);
 	if (err)
 		goto out_cleanup;
 
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/export.c b/fs/overlayfs/export.c
index 0e696f7..ed35be3 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/export.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/export.c
@@ -752,7 +752,7 @@
 			goto out_err;
 	}
 	if (index) {
-		err = ovl_verify_origin(index, origin.dentry, false);
+		err = ovl_verify_origin(ofs, index, origin.dentry, false);
 		if (err)
 			goto out_err;
 	}
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/file.c b/fs/overlayfs/file.c
index 0d940e2..efccb7c 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/file.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/file.c
@@ -136,6 +136,13 @@
 
 static int ovl_real_fdget(const struct file *file, struct fd *real)
 {
+	if (d_is_dir(file_dentry(file))) {
+		real->flags = 0;
+		real->file = ovl_dir_real_file(file, false);
+
+		return PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(real->file);
+	}
+
 	return ovl_real_fdget_meta(file, real, false);
 }
 
@@ -331,6 +338,7 @@
 	struct fd real;
 	const struct cred *old_cred;
 	ssize_t ret;
+	int ifl = iocb->ki_flags;
 
 	if (!iov_iter_count(iter))
 		return 0;
@@ -346,11 +354,14 @@
 	if (ret)
 		goto out_unlock;
 
+	if (!ovl_should_sync(OVL_FS(inode->i_sb)))
+		ifl &= ~(IOCB_DSYNC | IOCB_SYNC);
+
 	old_cred = ovl_override_creds(file_inode(file)->i_sb);
 	if (is_sync_kiocb(iocb)) {
 		file_start_write(real.file);
 		ret = vfs_iter_write(real.file, iter, &iocb->ki_pos,
-				     ovl_iocb_to_rwf(iocb->ki_flags));
+				     ovl_iocb_to_rwf(ifl));
 		file_end_write(real.file);
 		/* Update size */
 		ovl_copyattr(ovl_inode_real(inode), inode);
@@ -370,6 +381,7 @@
 		real.flags = 0;
 		aio_req->orig_iocb = iocb;
 		kiocb_clone(&aio_req->iocb, iocb, real.file);
+		aio_req->iocb.ki_flags = ifl;
 		aio_req->iocb.ki_complete = ovl_aio_rw_complete;
 		ret = vfs_iocb_iter_write(real.file, &aio_req->iocb, iter);
 		if (ret != -EIOCBQUEUED)
@@ -433,6 +445,9 @@
 	const struct cred *old_cred;
 	int ret;
 
+	if (!ovl_should_sync(OVL_FS(file_inode(file)->i_sb)))
+		return 0;
+
 	ret = ovl_real_fdget_meta(file, &real, !datasync);
 	if (ret)
 		return ret;
@@ -544,12 +559,28 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
+static unsigned int ovl_iflags_to_fsflags(unsigned int iflags)
+{
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
+
+	if (iflags & S_SYNC)
+		flags |= FS_SYNC_FL;
+	if (iflags & S_APPEND)
+		flags |= FS_APPEND_FL;
+	if (iflags & S_IMMUTABLE)
+		flags |= FS_IMMUTABLE_FL;
+	if (iflags & S_NOATIME)
+		flags |= FS_NOATIME_FL;
+
+	return flags;
+}
+
 static long ovl_ioctl_set_flags(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
-				unsigned long arg, unsigned int iflags)
+				unsigned long arg, unsigned int flags)
 {
 	long ret;
 	struct inode *inode = file_inode(file);
-	unsigned int old_iflags;
+	unsigned int oldflags;
 
 	if (!inode_owner_or_capable(inode))
 		return -EACCES;
@@ -561,10 +592,9 @@
 	inode_lock(inode);
 
 	/* Check the capability before cred override */
-	ret = -EPERM;
-	old_iflags = READ_ONCE(inode->i_flags);
-	if (((iflags ^ old_iflags) & (S_APPEND | S_IMMUTABLE)) &&
-	    !capable(CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE))
+	oldflags = ovl_iflags_to_fsflags(READ_ONCE(inode->i_flags));
+	ret = vfs_ioc_setflags_prepare(inode, oldflags, flags);
+	if (ret)
 		goto unlock;
 
 	ret = ovl_maybe_copy_up(file_dentry(file), O_WRONLY);
@@ -583,22 +613,6 @@
 
 }
 
-static unsigned int ovl_fsflags_to_iflags(unsigned int flags)
-{
-	unsigned int iflags = 0;
-
-	if (flags & FS_SYNC_FL)
-		iflags |= S_SYNC;
-	if (flags & FS_APPEND_FL)
-		iflags |= S_APPEND;
-	if (flags & FS_IMMUTABLE_FL)
-		iflags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
-	if (flags & FS_NOATIME_FL)
-		iflags |= S_NOATIME;
-
-	return iflags;
-}
-
 static long ovl_ioctl_set_fsflags(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
 				  unsigned long arg)
 {
@@ -607,24 +621,23 @@
 	if (get_user(flags, (int __user *) arg))
 		return -EFAULT;
 
-	return ovl_ioctl_set_flags(file, cmd, arg,
-				   ovl_fsflags_to_iflags(flags));
+	return ovl_ioctl_set_flags(file, cmd, arg, flags);
 }
 
-static unsigned int ovl_fsxflags_to_iflags(unsigned int xflags)
+static unsigned int ovl_fsxflags_to_fsflags(unsigned int xflags)
 {
-	unsigned int iflags = 0;
+	unsigned int flags = 0;
 
 	if (xflags & FS_XFLAG_SYNC)
-		iflags |= S_SYNC;
+		flags |= FS_SYNC_FL;
 	if (xflags & FS_XFLAG_APPEND)
-		iflags |= S_APPEND;
+		flags |= FS_APPEND_FL;
 	if (xflags & FS_XFLAG_IMMUTABLE)
-		iflags |= S_IMMUTABLE;
+		flags |= FS_IMMUTABLE_FL;
 	if (xflags & FS_XFLAG_NOATIME)
-		iflags |= S_NOATIME;
+		flags |= FS_NOATIME_FL;
 
-	return iflags;
+	return flags;
 }
 
 static long ovl_ioctl_set_fsxflags(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
@@ -637,10 +650,10 @@
 		return -EFAULT;
 
 	return ovl_ioctl_set_flags(file, cmd, arg,
-				   ovl_fsxflags_to_iflags(fa.fsx_xflags));
+				   ovl_fsxflags_to_fsflags(fa.fsx_xflags));
 }
 
-static long ovl_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
+long ovl_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
 	long ret;
 
@@ -665,8 +678,8 @@
 	return ret;
 }
 
-static long ovl_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd,
-			     unsigned long arg)
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+long ovl_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 {
 	switch (cmd) {
 	case FS_IOC32_GETFLAGS:
@@ -683,6 +696,7 @@
 
 	return ovl_ioctl(file, cmd, arg);
 }
+#endif
 
 enum ovl_copyop {
 	OVL_COPY,
@@ -784,7 +798,9 @@
 	.fallocate	= ovl_fallocate,
 	.fadvise	= ovl_fadvise,
 	.unlocked_ioctl	= ovl_ioctl,
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
 	.compat_ioctl	= ovl_compat_ioctl,
+#endif
 	.splice_read    = ovl_splice_read,
 	.splice_write   = ovl_splice_write,
 
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
index 8be6cd2..b584dca 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/inode.c
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
 	return p;
 }
 
-bool ovl_is_private_xattr(const char *name)
+bool ovl_is_private_xattr(struct super_block *sb, const char *name)
 {
 	return strncmp(name, OVL_XATTR_PREFIX,
 		       sizeof(OVL_XATTR_PREFIX) - 1) == 0;
@@ -391,15 +391,18 @@
 	return res;
 }
 
-static bool ovl_can_list(const char *s)
+static bool ovl_can_list(struct super_block *sb, const char *s)
 {
+	/* Never list private (.overlay) */
+	if (ovl_is_private_xattr(sb, s))
+		return false;
+
 	/* List all non-trusted xatts */
 	if (strncmp(s, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX, XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX_LEN) != 0)
 		return true;
 
-	/* Never list trusted.overlay, list other trusted for superuser only */
-	return !ovl_is_private_xattr(s) &&
-	       ns_capable_noaudit(&init_user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
+	/* list other trusted for superuser only */
+	return ns_capable_noaudit(&init_user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN);
 }
 
 ssize_t ovl_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size)
@@ -425,7 +428,7 @@
 			return -EIO;
 
 		len -= slen;
-		if (!ovl_can_list(s)) {
+		if (!ovl_can_list(dentry->d_sb, s)) {
 			res -= slen;
 			memmove(s, s + slen, len);
 		} else {
@@ -722,8 +725,8 @@
 	if (WARN_ON(len >= sizeof(buf)))
 		return -EIO;
 
-	return ovl_do_setxattr(ovl_dentry_upper(dentry),
-			       OVL_XATTR_NLINK, buf, len, 0);
+	return ovl_do_setxattr(OVL_FS(inode->i_sb), ovl_dentry_upper(dentry),
+			       OVL_XATTR_NLINK, buf, len);
 }
 
 int ovl_set_nlink_upper(struct dentry *dentry)
@@ -736,7 +739,7 @@
 	return ovl_set_nlink_common(dentry, ovl_dentry_lower(dentry), "L%+i");
 }
 
-unsigned int ovl_get_nlink(struct dentry *lowerdentry,
+unsigned int ovl_get_nlink(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *lowerdentry,
 			   struct dentry *upperdentry,
 			   unsigned int fallback)
 {
@@ -748,7 +751,8 @@
 	if (!lowerdentry || !upperdentry || d_inode(lowerdentry)->i_nlink == 1)
 		return fallback;
 
-	err = vfs_getxattr(upperdentry, OVL_XATTR_NLINK, &buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+	err = ovl_do_getxattr(ofs, upperdentry, OVL_XATTR_NLINK,
+			      &buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
 	if (err < 0)
 		goto fail;
 
@@ -946,6 +950,7 @@
 struct inode *ovl_get_inode(struct super_block *sb,
 			    struct ovl_inode_params *oip)
 {
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = OVL_FS(sb);
 	struct dentry *upperdentry = oip->upperdentry;
 	struct ovl_path *lowerpath = oip->lowerpath;
 	struct inode *realinode = upperdentry ? d_inode(upperdentry) : NULL;
@@ -993,7 +998,8 @@
 
 		/* Recalculate nlink for non-dir due to indexing */
 		if (!is_dir)
-			nlink = ovl_get_nlink(lowerdentry, upperdentry, nlink);
+			nlink = ovl_get_nlink(ofs, lowerdentry, upperdentry,
+					      nlink);
 		set_nlink(inode, nlink);
 		ino = key->i_ino;
 	} else {
@@ -1009,7 +1015,7 @@
 	ovl_fill_inode(inode, realinode->i_mode, realinode->i_rdev);
 	ovl_inode_init(inode, oip, ino, fsid);
 
-	if (upperdentry && ovl_is_impuredir(upperdentry))
+	if (upperdentry && ovl_is_impuredir(sb, upperdentry))
 		ovl_set_flag(OVL_IMPURE, inode);
 
 	if (oip->index)
@@ -1023,7 +1029,7 @@
 	/* Check for non-merge dir that may have whiteouts */
 	if (is_dir) {
 		if (((upperdentry && lowerdentry) || oip->numlower > 1) ||
-		    ovl_check_origin_xattr(upperdentry ?: lowerdentry)) {
+		    ovl_check_origin_xattr(ofs, upperdentry ?: lowerdentry)) {
 			ovl_set_flag(OVL_WHITEOUTS, inode);
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/namei.c b/fs/overlayfs/namei.c
index f7d4358..a6162c4 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/namei.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/namei.c
@@ -30,8 +30,9 @@
 {
 	int res;
 	char *buf;
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = OVL_FS(d->sb);
 
-	buf = ovl_get_redirect_xattr(dentry, prelen + strlen(post));
+	buf = ovl_get_redirect_xattr(ofs, dentry, prelen + strlen(post));
 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(buf))
 		return PTR_ERR(buf);
 
@@ -104,12 +105,13 @@
 	return 0;
 }
 
-static struct ovl_fh *ovl_get_fh(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
+static struct ovl_fh *ovl_get_fh(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+				 enum ovl_xattr ox)
 {
 	int res, err;
 	struct ovl_fh *fh = NULL;
 
-	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, NULL, 0);
+	res = ovl_do_getxattr(ofs, dentry, ox, NULL, 0);
 	if (res < 0) {
 		if (res == -ENODATA || res == -EOPNOTSUPP)
 			return NULL;
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@
 	if (!fh)
 		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
 
-	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, fh->buf, res);
+	res = ovl_do_getxattr(ofs, dentry, ox, fh->buf, res);
 	if (res < 0)
 		goto fail;
 
@@ -186,9 +188,9 @@
 	return real;
 }
 
-static bool ovl_is_opaquedir(struct dentry *dentry)
+static bool ovl_is_opaquedir(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *dentry)
 {
-	return ovl_check_dir_xattr(dentry, OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE);
+	return ovl_check_dir_xattr(sb, dentry, OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE);
 }
 
 static struct dentry *ovl_lookup_positive_unlocked(const char *name,
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@
 			d->stop = true;
 			goto put_and_out;
 		}
-		err = ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(this);
+		err = ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(OVL_FS(d->sb), this);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto out_err;
 
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@
 		if (d->last)
 			goto out;
 
-		if (ovl_is_opaquedir(this)) {
+		if (ovl_is_opaquedir(d->sb, this)) {
 			d->stop = true;
 			if (last_element)
 				d->opaque = true;
@@ -391,7 +393,7 @@
 static int ovl_check_origin(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *upperdentry,
 			    struct ovl_path **stackp)
 {
-	struct ovl_fh *fh = ovl_get_fh(upperdentry, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN);
+	struct ovl_fh *fh = ovl_get_fh(ofs, upperdentry, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN);
 	int err;
 
 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(fh))
@@ -413,10 +415,10 @@
  * Verify that @fh matches the file handle stored in xattr @name.
  * Return 0 on match, -ESTALE on mismatch, < 0 on error.
  */
-static int ovl_verify_fh(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
-			 const struct ovl_fh *fh)
+static int ovl_verify_fh(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+			 enum ovl_xattr ox, const struct ovl_fh *fh)
 {
-	struct ovl_fh *ofh = ovl_get_fh(dentry, name);
+	struct ovl_fh *ofh = ovl_get_fh(ofs, dentry, ox);
 	int err = 0;
 
 	if (!ofh)
@@ -440,8 +442,9 @@
  *
  * Return 0 on match, -ESTALE on mismatch, -ENODATA on no xattr, < 0 on error.
  */
-int ovl_verify_set_fh(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
-		      struct dentry *real, bool is_upper, bool set)
+int ovl_verify_set_fh(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+		      enum ovl_xattr ox, struct dentry *real, bool is_upper,
+		      bool set)
 {
 	struct inode *inode;
 	struct ovl_fh *fh;
@@ -454,9 +457,9 @@
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
-	err = ovl_verify_fh(dentry, name, fh);
+	err = ovl_verify_fh(ofs, dentry, ox, fh);
 	if (set && err == -ENODATA)
-		err = ovl_do_setxattr(dentry, name, fh->buf, fh->fb.len, 0);
+		err = ovl_do_setxattr(ofs, dentry, ox, fh->buf, fh->fb.len);
 	if (err)
 		goto fail;
 
@@ -481,7 +484,7 @@
 	if (!d_is_dir(index))
 		return dget(index);
 
-	fh = ovl_get_fh(index, OVL_XATTR_UPPER);
+	fh = ovl_get_fh(ofs, index, OVL_XATTR_UPPER);
 	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(fh))
 		return ERR_CAST(fh);
 
@@ -574,7 +577,7 @@
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
-	err = ovl_verify_fh(upper, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, fh);
+	err = ovl_verify_fh(ofs, upper, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, fh);
 	dput(upper);
 	if (err)
 		goto fail;
@@ -585,7 +588,7 @@
 		if (err)
 			goto fail;
 
-		if (ovl_get_nlink(origin.dentry, index, 0) == 0)
+		if (ovl_get_nlink(ofs, origin.dentry, index, 0) == 0)
 			goto orphan;
 	}
 
@@ -741,7 +744,7 @@
 		}
 
 		/* Verify that dir index 'upper' xattr points to upper dir */
-		err = ovl_verify_upper(index, upper, false);
+		err = ovl_verify_upper(ofs, index, upper, false);
 		if (err) {
 			if (err == -ESTALE) {
 				pr_warn_ratelimited("suspected multiply redirected dir found (upper=%pd2, origin=%pd2, index=%pd2).\n",
@@ -790,12 +793,12 @@
 }
 
 /* Fix missing 'origin' xattr */
-static int ovl_fix_origin(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *lower,
-			  struct dentry *upper)
+static int ovl_fix_origin(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+			  struct dentry *lower, struct dentry *upper)
 {
 	int err;
 
-	if (ovl_check_origin_xattr(upper))
+	if (ovl_check_origin_xattr(ofs, upper))
 		return 0;
 
 	err = ovl_want_write(dentry);
@@ -920,7 +923,7 @@
 		 * of lower dir and set upper parent "impure".
 		 */
 		if (upperdentry && !ctr && !ofs->noxattr && d.is_dir) {
-			err = ovl_fix_origin(dentry, this, upperdentry);
+			err = ovl_fix_origin(ofs, dentry, this, upperdentry);
 			if (err) {
 				dput(this);
 				goto out_put;
@@ -939,7 +942,7 @@
 		if (upperdentry && !ctr &&
 		    ((d.is_dir && ovl_verify_lower(dentry->d_sb)) ||
 		     (!d.is_dir && ofs->config.index && origin_path))) {
-			err = ovl_verify_origin(upperdentry, this, false);
+			err = ovl_verify_origin(ofs, upperdentry, this, false);
 			if (err) {
 				dput(this);
 				if (d.is_dir)
@@ -1060,13 +1063,13 @@
 		ovl_dentry_set_upper_alias(dentry);
 	else if (index) {
 		upperdentry = dget(index);
-		upperredirect = ovl_get_redirect_xattr(upperdentry, 0);
+		upperredirect = ovl_get_redirect_xattr(ofs, upperdentry, 0);
 		if (IS_ERR(upperredirect)) {
 			err = PTR_ERR(upperredirect);
 			upperredirect = NULL;
 			goto out_free_oe;
 		}
-		err = ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(upperdentry);
+		err = ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(ofs, upperdentry);
 		if (err < 0)
 			goto out_free_oe;
 		uppermetacopy = err;
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
index 29bc1ec..f8880aa 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/overlayfs.h
@@ -23,13 +23,16 @@
 #define OVL_TYPE_ORIGIN(type)	((type) & __OVL_PATH_ORIGIN)
 
 #define OVL_XATTR_PREFIX XATTR_TRUSTED_PREFIX "overlay."
-#define OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE OVL_XATTR_PREFIX "opaque"
-#define OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT OVL_XATTR_PREFIX "redirect"
-#define OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN OVL_XATTR_PREFIX "origin"
-#define OVL_XATTR_IMPURE OVL_XATTR_PREFIX "impure"
-#define OVL_XATTR_NLINK OVL_XATTR_PREFIX "nlink"
-#define OVL_XATTR_UPPER OVL_XATTR_PREFIX "upper"
-#define OVL_XATTR_METACOPY OVL_XATTR_PREFIX "metacopy"
+
+enum ovl_xattr {
+	OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE,
+	OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT,
+	OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN,
+	OVL_XATTR_IMPURE,
+	OVL_XATTR_NLINK,
+	OVL_XATTR_UPPER,
+	OVL_XATTR_METACOPY,
+};
 
 enum ovl_inode_flag {
 	/* Pure upper dir that may contain non pure upper entries */
@@ -110,6 +113,12 @@
 #define OVL_FH_FID_OFFSET	(OVL_FH_WIRE_OFFSET + \
 				 offsetof(struct ovl_fb, fid))
 
+extern const char *ovl_xattr_table[];
+static inline const char *ovl_xattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, enum ovl_xattr ox)
+{
+	return ovl_xattr_table[ox];
+}
+
 static inline int ovl_do_rmdir(struct inode *dir, struct dentry *dentry)
 {
 	int err = vfs_rmdir(dir, dentry);
@@ -170,17 +179,29 @@
 	return err;
 }
 
-static inline int ovl_do_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
-				  const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
+static inline ssize_t ovl_do_getxattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+				      enum ovl_xattr ox, void *value,
+				      size_t size)
 {
-	int err = vfs_setxattr(dentry, name, value, size, flags);
-	pr_debug("setxattr(%pd2, \"%s\", \"%*pE\", %zu, 0x%x) = %i\n",
-		 dentry, name, min((int)size, 48), value, size, flags, err);
+	const char *name = ovl_xattr(ofs, ox);
+	return vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, value, size);
+}
+
+static inline int ovl_do_setxattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+				  enum ovl_xattr ox, const void *value,
+				  size_t size)
+{
+	const char *name = ovl_xattr(ofs, ox);
+	int err = vfs_setxattr(dentry, name, value, size, 0);
+	pr_debug("setxattr(%pd2, \"%s\", \"%*pE\", %zu, 0) = %i\n",
+		 dentry, name, min((int)size, 48), value, size, err);
 	return err;
 }
 
-static inline int ovl_do_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
+static inline int ovl_do_removexattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+				     enum ovl_xattr ox)
 {
+	const char *name = ovl_xattr(ofs, ox);
 	int err = vfs_removexattr(dentry, name);
 	pr_debug("removexattr(%pd2, \"%s\") = %i\n", dentry, name, err);
 	return err;
@@ -280,10 +301,11 @@
 int ovl_copy_up_start(struct dentry *dentry, int flags);
 void ovl_copy_up_end(struct dentry *dentry);
 bool ovl_already_copied_up(struct dentry *dentry, int flags);
-bool ovl_check_origin_xattr(struct dentry *dentry);
-bool ovl_check_dir_xattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name);
+bool ovl_check_origin_xattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry);
+bool ovl_check_dir_xattr(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *dentry,
+			 enum ovl_xattr ox);
 int ovl_check_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upperdentry,
-		       const char *name, const void *value, size_t size,
+		       enum ovl_xattr ox, const void *value, size_t size,
 		       int xerr);
 int ovl_set_impure(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upperdentry);
 void ovl_set_flag(unsigned long flag, struct inode *inode);
@@ -296,15 +318,15 @@
 int ovl_nlink_start(struct dentry *dentry);
 void ovl_nlink_end(struct dentry *dentry);
 int ovl_lock_rename_workdir(struct dentry *workdir, struct dentry *upperdir);
-int ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(struct dentry *dentry);
+int ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry);
 bool ovl_is_metacopy_dentry(struct dentry *dentry);
-char *ovl_get_redirect_xattr(struct dentry *dentry, int padding);
-ssize_t ovl_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *name, char **value,
-		     size_t padding);
+char *ovl_get_redirect_xattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+			     int padding);
 
-static inline bool ovl_is_impuredir(struct dentry *dentry)
+static inline bool ovl_is_impuredir(struct super_block *sb,
+				    struct dentry *dentry)
 {
-	return ovl_check_dir_xattr(dentry, OVL_XATTR_IMPURE);
+	return ovl_check_dir_xattr(sb, dentry, OVL_XATTR_IMPURE);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -365,8 +387,9 @@
 				  bool connected);
 int ovl_check_origin_fh(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct ovl_fh *fh, bool connected,
 			struct dentry *upperdentry, struct ovl_path **stackp);
-int ovl_verify_set_fh(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
-		      struct dentry *real, bool is_upper, bool set);
+int ovl_verify_set_fh(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+		      enum ovl_xattr ox, struct dentry *real, bool is_upper,
+		      bool set);
 struct dentry *ovl_index_upper(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *index);
 int ovl_verify_index(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *index);
 int ovl_get_index_name(struct dentry *origin, struct qstr *name);
@@ -378,20 +401,22 @@
 			  unsigned int flags);
 bool ovl_lower_positive(struct dentry *dentry);
 
-static inline int ovl_verify_origin(struct dentry *upper,
+static inline int ovl_verify_origin(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *upper,
 				    struct dentry *origin, bool set)
 {
-	return ovl_verify_set_fh(upper, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, origin, false, set);
+	return ovl_verify_set_fh(ofs, upper, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, origin,
+				 false, set);
 }
 
-static inline int ovl_verify_upper(struct dentry *index,
-				    struct dentry *upper, bool set)
+static inline int ovl_verify_upper(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *index,
+				   struct dentry *upper, bool set)
 {
-	return ovl_verify_set_fh(index, OVL_XATTR_UPPER, upper, true, set);
+	return ovl_verify_set_fh(ofs, index, OVL_XATTR_UPPER, upper, true, set);
 }
 
 /* readdir.c */
 extern const struct file_operations ovl_dir_operations;
+struct file *ovl_dir_real_file(const struct file *file, bool want_upper);
 int ovl_check_empty_dir(struct dentry *dentry, struct list_head *list);
 void ovl_cleanup_whiteouts(struct dentry *upper, struct list_head *list);
 void ovl_cache_free(struct list_head *list);
@@ -404,7 +429,7 @@
 /* inode.c */
 int ovl_set_nlink_upper(struct dentry *dentry);
 int ovl_set_nlink_lower(struct dentry *dentry);
-unsigned int ovl_get_nlink(struct dentry *lowerdentry,
+unsigned int ovl_get_nlink(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *lowerdentry,
 			   struct dentry *upperdentry,
 			   unsigned int fallback);
 int ovl_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *attr);
@@ -418,7 +443,7 @@
 ssize_t ovl_listxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *list, size_t size);
 struct posix_acl *ovl_get_acl(struct inode *inode, int type);
 int ovl_update_time(struct inode *inode, struct timespec64 *ts, int flags);
-bool ovl_is_private_xattr(const char *name);
+bool ovl_is_private_xattr(struct super_block *sb, const char *name);
 
 struct ovl_inode_params {
 	struct inode *newinode;
@@ -479,12 +504,15 @@
 extern const struct file_operations ovl_file_operations;
 int __init ovl_aio_request_cache_init(void);
 void ovl_aio_request_cache_destroy(void);
+long ovl_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
+long ovl_compat_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg);
 
 /* copy_up.c */
 int ovl_copy_up(struct dentry *dentry);
 int ovl_copy_up_with_data(struct dentry *dentry);
 int ovl_maybe_copy_up(struct dentry *dentry, int flags);
-int ovl_copy_xattr(struct dentry *old, struct dentry *new);
+int ovl_copy_xattr(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *old,
+		   struct dentry *new);
 int ovl_set_attr(struct dentry *upper, struct kstat *stat);
 struct ovl_fh *ovl_encode_real_fh(struct dentry *real, bool is_upper);
 int ovl_set_origin(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *lower,
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/ovl_entry.h b/fs/overlayfs/ovl_entry.h
index b429c80..1b5a2094 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/ovl_entry.h
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/ovl_entry.h
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 	bool nfs_export;
 	int xino;
 	bool metacopy;
+	bool ovl_volatile;
 };
 
 struct ovl_sb {
@@ -90,6 +91,11 @@
 	return (struct ovl_fs *)sb->s_fs_info;
 }
 
+static inline bool ovl_should_sync(struct ovl_fs *ofs)
+{
+	return !ofs->config.ovl_volatile;
+}
+
 /* private information held for every overlayfs dentry */
 struct ovl_entry {
 	union {
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c b/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c
index 6918b98..01620eb 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/readdir.c
@@ -606,6 +606,7 @@
 {
 	int res;
 	struct dentry *dentry = path->dentry;
+	struct ovl_fs *ofs = OVL_FS(dentry->d_sb);
 	struct ovl_dir_cache *cache;
 
 	cache = ovl_dir_cache(d_inode(dentry));
@@ -632,7 +633,7 @@
 		 * Removing the "impure" xattr is best effort.
 		 */
 		if (!ovl_want_write(dentry)) {
-			ovl_do_removexattr(ovl_dentry_upper(dentry),
+			ovl_do_removexattr(ofs, ovl_dentry_upper(dentry),
 					   OVL_XATTR_IMPURE);
 			ovl_drop_write(dentry);
 		}
@@ -839,7 +840,7 @@
 	return res;
 }
 
-static struct file *ovl_dir_open_realfile(struct file *file,
+static struct file *ovl_dir_open_realfile(const struct file *file,
 					  struct path *realpath)
 {
 	struct file *res;
@@ -852,16 +853,22 @@
 	return res;
 }
 
-static int ovl_dir_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
-			 int datasync)
+/*
+ * Like ovl_real_fdget(), returns upperfile if dir was copied up since open.
+ * Unlike ovl_real_fdget(), this caches upperfile in file->private_data.
+ *
+ * TODO: use same abstract type for file->private_data of dir and file so
+ * upperfile could also be cached for files as well.
+ */
+struct file *ovl_dir_real_file(const struct file *file, bool want_upper)
 {
+
 	struct ovl_dir_file *od = file->private_data;
 	struct dentry *dentry = file->f_path.dentry;
 	struct file *realfile = od->realfile;
 
-	/* Nothing to sync for lower */
 	if (!OVL_TYPE_UPPER(ovl_path_type(dentry)))
-		return 0;
+		return want_upper ? NULL : realfile;
 
 	/*
 	 * Need to check if we started out being a lower dir, but got copied up
@@ -880,7 +887,7 @@
 			if (!od->upperfile) {
 				if (IS_ERR(realfile)) {
 					inode_unlock(inode);
-					return PTR_ERR(realfile);
+					return realfile;
 				}
 				smp_store_release(&od->upperfile, realfile);
 			} else {
@@ -893,6 +900,25 @@
 		}
 	}
 
+	return realfile;
+}
+
+static int ovl_dir_fsync(struct file *file, loff_t start, loff_t end,
+			 int datasync)
+{
+	struct file *realfile;
+	int err;
+
+	if (!ovl_should_sync(OVL_FS(file->f_path.dentry->d_sb)))
+		return 0;
+
+	realfile = ovl_dir_real_file(file, true);
+	err = PTR_ERR_OR_ZERO(realfile);
+
+	/* Nothing to sync for lower */
+	if (!realfile || err)
+		return err;
+
 	return vfs_fsync_range(realfile, start, end, datasync);
 }
 
@@ -945,6 +971,10 @@
 	.llseek		= ovl_dir_llseek,
 	.fsync		= ovl_dir_fsync,
 	.release	= ovl_dir_release,
+	.unlocked_ioctl	= ovl_ioctl,
+#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
+	.compat_ioctl	= ovl_compat_ioctl,
+#endif
 };
 
 int ovl_check_empty_dir(struct dentry *dentry, struct list_head *list)
@@ -1051,7 +1081,9 @@
 	return rdd.d_type_supported;
 }
 
-static void ovl_workdir_cleanup_recurse(struct path *path, int level)
+#define OVL_INCOMPATDIR_NAME "incompat"
+
+static int ovl_workdir_cleanup_recurse(struct path *path, int level)
 {
 	int err;
 	struct inode *dir = path->dentry->d_inode;
@@ -1065,6 +1097,19 @@
 		.root = &root,
 		.is_lowest = false,
 	};
+	bool incompat = false;
+
+	/*
+	 * The "work/incompat" directory is treated specially - if it is not
+	 * empty, instead of printing a generic error and mounting read-only,
+	 * we will error about incompat features and fail the mount.
+	 *
+	 * When called from ovl_indexdir_cleanup(), path->dentry->d_name.name
+	 * starts with '#'.
+	 */
+	if (level == 2 &&
+	    !strcmp(path->dentry->d_name.name, OVL_INCOMPATDIR_NAME))
+		incompat = true;
 
 	err = ovl_dir_read(path, &rdd);
 	if (err)
@@ -1079,17 +1124,25 @@
 				continue;
 			if (p->len == 2 && p->name[1] == '.')
 				continue;
+		} else if (incompat) {
+			pr_err("overlay with incompat feature '%s' cannot be mounted\n",
+				p->name);
+			err = -EINVAL;
+			break;
 		}
 		dentry = lookup_one_len(p->name, path->dentry, p->len);
 		if (IS_ERR(dentry))
 			continue;
 		if (dentry->d_inode)
-			ovl_workdir_cleanup(dir, path->mnt, dentry, level);
+			err = ovl_workdir_cleanup(dir, path->mnt, dentry, level);
 		dput(dentry);
+		if (err)
+			break;
 	}
 	inode_unlock(dir);
 out:
 	ovl_cache_free(&list);
+	return err;
 }
 
 int ovl_workdir_cleanup(struct inode *dir, struct vfsmount *mnt,
@@ -1106,9 +1159,10 @@
 		struct path path = { .mnt = mnt, .dentry = dentry };
 
 		inode_unlock(dir);
-		ovl_workdir_cleanup_recurse(&path, level + 1);
+		err = ovl_workdir_cleanup_recurse(&path, level + 1);
 		inode_lock_nested(dir, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
-		err = ovl_cleanup(dir, dentry);
+		if (!err)
+			err = ovl_cleanup(dir, dentry);
 	}
 
 	return err;
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/super.c b/fs/overlayfs/super.c
index 4b38141..290983b 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/super.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/super.c
@@ -264,6 +264,8 @@
 	if (!ovl_upper_mnt(ofs))
 		return 0;
 
+	if (!ovl_should_sync(ofs))
+		return 0;
 	/*
 	 * Not called for sync(2) call or an emergency sync (SB_I_SKIP_SYNC).
 	 * All the super blocks will be iterated, including upper_sb.
@@ -362,6 +364,8 @@
 	if (ofs->config.metacopy != ovl_metacopy_def)
 		seq_printf(m, ",metacopy=%s",
 			   ofs->config.metacopy ? "on" : "off");
+	if (ofs->config.ovl_volatile)
+		seq_puts(m, ",volatile");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -376,9 +380,11 @@
 
 	if (*flags & SB_RDONLY && !sb_rdonly(sb)) {
 		upper_sb = ovl_upper_mnt(ofs)->mnt_sb;
-		down_read(&upper_sb->s_umount);
-		ret = sync_filesystem(upper_sb);
-		up_read(&upper_sb->s_umount);
+		if (ovl_should_sync(ofs)) {
+			down_read(&upper_sb->s_umount);
+			ret = sync_filesystem(upper_sb);
+			up_read(&upper_sb->s_umount);
+		}
 	}
 
 	return ret;
@@ -411,6 +417,7 @@
 	OPT_XINO_AUTO,
 	OPT_METACOPY_ON,
 	OPT_METACOPY_OFF,
+	OPT_VOLATILE,
 	OPT_ERR,
 };
 
@@ -429,6 +436,7 @@
 	{OPT_XINO_AUTO,			"xino=auto"},
 	{OPT_METACOPY_ON,		"metacopy=on"},
 	{OPT_METACOPY_OFF,		"metacopy=off"},
+	{OPT_VOLATILE,			"volatile"},
 	{OPT_ERR,			NULL}
 };
 
@@ -573,6 +581,10 @@
 			metacopy_opt = true;
 			break;
 
+		case OPT_VOLATILE:
+			config->ovl_volatile = true;
+			break;
+
 		default:
 			pr_err("unrecognized mount option \"%s\" or missing value\n",
 					p);
@@ -595,6 +607,11 @@
 		config->index = false;
 	}
 
+	if (!config->upperdir && config->ovl_volatile) {
+		pr_info("option \"volatile\" is meaningless in a non-upper mount, ignoring it.\n");
+		config->ovl_volatile = false;
+	}
+
 	err = ovl_parse_redirect_mode(config, config->redirect_mode);
 	if (err)
 		return err;
@@ -705,8 +722,12 @@
 				goto out_unlock;
 
 			retried = true;
-			ovl_workdir_cleanup(dir, mnt, work, 0);
+			err = ovl_workdir_cleanup(dir, mnt, work, 0);
 			dput(work);
+			if (err == -EINVAL) {
+				work = ERR_PTR(err);
+				goto out_unlock;
+			}
 			goto retry;
 		}
 
@@ -1199,11 +1220,50 @@
 	return err;
 }
 
+static struct dentry *ovl_lookup_or_create(struct dentry *parent,
+					   const char *name, umode_t mode)
+{
+	size_t len = strlen(name);
+	struct dentry *child;
+
+	inode_lock_nested(parent->d_inode, I_MUTEX_PARENT);
+	child = lookup_one_len(name, parent, len);
+	if (!IS_ERR(child) && !child->d_inode)
+		child = ovl_create_real(parent->d_inode, child,
+					OVL_CATTR(mode));
+	inode_unlock(parent->d_inode);
+	dput(parent);
+
+	return child;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Creates $workdir/work/incompat/volatile/dirty file if it is not already
+ * present.
+ */
+static int ovl_create_volatile_dirty(struct ovl_fs *ofs)
+{
+	unsigned int ctr;
+	struct dentry *d = dget(ofs->workbasedir);
+	static const char *const volatile_path[] = {
+		OVL_WORKDIR_NAME, "incompat", "volatile", "dirty"
+	};
+	const char *const *name = volatile_path;
+
+	for (ctr = ARRAY_SIZE(volatile_path); ctr; ctr--, name++) {
+		d = ovl_lookup_or_create(d, *name, ctr > 1 ? S_IFDIR : S_IFREG);
+		if (IS_ERR(d))
+			return PTR_ERR(d);
+	}
+	dput(d);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static int ovl_make_workdir(struct super_block *sb, struct ovl_fs *ofs,
 			    struct path *workpath)
 {
 	struct vfsmount *mnt = ovl_upper_mnt(ofs);
-	struct dentry *temp;
+	struct dentry *temp, *workdir;
 	bool rename_whiteout;
 	bool d_type;
 	int fh_type;
@@ -1213,10 +1273,13 @@
 	if (err)
 		return err;
 
-	ofs->workdir = ovl_workdir_create(ofs, OVL_WORKDIR_NAME, false);
-	if (!ofs->workdir)
+	workdir = ovl_workdir_create(ofs, OVL_WORKDIR_NAME, false);
+	err = PTR_ERR(workdir);
+	if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(workdir))
 		goto out;
 
+	ofs->workdir = workdir;
+
 	err = ovl_setup_trap(sb, ofs->workdir, &ofs->workdir_trap, "workdir");
 	if (err)
 		goto out;
@@ -1256,7 +1319,7 @@
 	/*
 	 * Check if upper/work fs supports trusted.overlay.* xattr
 	 */
-	err = ovl_do_setxattr(ofs->workdir, OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE, "0", 1, 0);
+	err = ovl_do_setxattr(ofs, ofs->workdir, OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE, "0", 1);
 	if (err) {
 		ofs->noxattr = true;
 		ofs->config.index = false;
@@ -1264,7 +1327,7 @@
 		pr_warn("upper fs does not support xattr, falling back to index=off and metacopy=off.\n");
 		err = 0;
 	} else {
-		vfs_removexattr(ofs->workdir, OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE);
+		ovl_do_removexattr(ofs, ofs->workdir, OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -1279,6 +1342,18 @@
 		goto out;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * For volatile mount, create a incompat/volatile/dirty file to keep
+	 * track of it.
+	 */
+	if (ofs->config.ovl_volatile) {
+		err = ovl_create_volatile_dirty(ofs);
+		if (err < 0) {
+			pr_err("Failed to create volatile/dirty file.\n");
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/* Check if upper/work fs supports file handles */
 	fh_type = ovl_can_decode_fh(ofs->workdir->d_sb);
 	if (ofs->config.index && !fh_type) {
@@ -1347,6 +1422,7 @@
 			    struct ovl_entry *oe, struct path *upperpath)
 {
 	struct vfsmount *mnt = ovl_upper_mnt(ofs);
+	struct dentry *indexdir;
 	int err;
 
 	err = mnt_want_write(mnt);
@@ -1354,8 +1430,8 @@
 		return err;
 
 	/* Verify lower root is upper root origin */
-	err = ovl_verify_origin(upperpath->dentry, oe->lowerstack[0].dentry,
-				true);
+	err = ovl_verify_origin(ofs, upperpath->dentry,
+				oe->lowerstack[0].dentry, true);
 	if (err) {
 		pr_err("failed to verify upper root origin\n");
 		goto out;
@@ -1366,9 +1442,12 @@
 	ofs->workdir_trap = NULL;
 	dput(ofs->workdir);
 	ofs->workdir = NULL;
-	ofs->indexdir = ovl_workdir_create(ofs, OVL_INDEXDIR_NAME, true);
-	if (ofs->indexdir) {
-		ofs->workdir = dget(ofs->indexdir);
+	indexdir = ovl_workdir_create(ofs, OVL_INDEXDIR_NAME, true);
+	if (IS_ERR(indexdir)) {
+		err = PTR_ERR(indexdir);
+	} else if (indexdir) {
+		ofs->indexdir = indexdir;
+		ofs->workdir = dget(indexdir);
 
 		err = ovl_setup_trap(sb, ofs->indexdir, &ofs->indexdir_trap,
 				     "indexdir");
@@ -1383,13 +1462,15 @@
 		 * "trusted.overlay.upper" to indicate that index may have
 		 * directory entries.
 		 */
-		if (ovl_check_origin_xattr(ofs->indexdir)) {
-			err = ovl_verify_set_fh(ofs->indexdir, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN,
+		if (ovl_check_origin_xattr(ofs, ofs->indexdir)) {
+			err = ovl_verify_set_fh(ofs, ofs->indexdir,
+						OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN,
 						upperpath->dentry, true, false);
 			if (err)
 				pr_err("failed to verify index dir 'origin' xattr\n");
 		}
-		err = ovl_verify_upper(ofs->indexdir, upperpath->dentry, true);
+		err = ovl_verify_upper(ofs, ofs->indexdir, upperpath->dentry,
+				       true);
 		if (err)
 			pr_err("failed to verify index dir 'upper' xattr\n");
 
@@ -1755,7 +1836,7 @@
 		ino = d_inode(upperdentry)->i_ino;
 		fsid = 0;
 		ovl_dentry_set_upper_alias(root);
-		if (ovl_is_impuredir(upperdentry))
+		if (ovl_is_impuredir(sb, upperdentry))
 			ovl_set_flag(OVL_IMPURE, d_inode(root));
 	}
 
diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/util.c b/fs/overlayfs/util.c
index 56c1f89..23f4756 100644
--- a/fs/overlayfs/util.c
+++ b/fs/overlayfs/util.c
@@ -544,11 +544,11 @@
 	ovl_inode_unlock(d_inode(dentry));
 }
 
-bool ovl_check_origin_xattr(struct dentry *dentry)
+bool ovl_check_origin_xattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry)
 {
 	int res;
 
-	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, NULL, 0);
+	res = ovl_do_getxattr(ofs, dentry, OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN, NULL, 0);
 
 	/* Zero size value means "copied up but origin unknown" */
 	if (res >= 0)
@@ -557,7 +557,8 @@
 	return false;
 }
 
-bool ovl_check_dir_xattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
+bool ovl_check_dir_xattr(struct super_block *sb, struct dentry *dentry,
+			 enum ovl_xattr ox)
 {
 	int res;
 	char val;
@@ -565,15 +566,36 @@
 	if (!d_is_dir(dentry))
 		return false;
 
-	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, &val, 1);
+	res = ovl_do_getxattr(OVL_FS(sb), dentry, ox, &val, 1);
 	if (res == 1 && val == 'y')
 		return true;
 
 	return false;
 }
 
+#define OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE_POSTFIX	"opaque"
+#define OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT_POSTFIX	"redirect"
+#define OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN_POSTFIX	"origin"
+#define OVL_XATTR_IMPURE_POSTFIX	"impure"
+#define OVL_XATTR_NLINK_POSTFIX		"nlink"
+#define OVL_XATTR_UPPER_POSTFIX		"upper"
+#define OVL_XATTR_METACOPY_POSTFIX	"metacopy"
+
+#define OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(x) \
+	[x] = OVL_XATTR_PREFIX x ## _POSTFIX
+
+const char *ovl_xattr_table[] = {
+	OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(OVL_XATTR_OPAQUE),
+	OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT),
+	OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(OVL_XATTR_ORIGIN),
+	OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(OVL_XATTR_IMPURE),
+	OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(OVL_XATTR_NLINK),
+	OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(OVL_XATTR_UPPER),
+	OVL_XATTR_TAB_ENTRY(OVL_XATTR_METACOPY),
+};
+
 int ovl_check_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct dentry *upperdentry,
-		       const char *name, const void *value, size_t size,
+		       enum ovl_xattr ox, const void *value, size_t size,
 		       int xerr)
 {
 	int err;
@@ -582,10 +604,10 @@
 	if (ofs->noxattr)
 		return xerr;
 
-	err = ovl_do_setxattr(upperdentry, name, value, size, 0);
+	err = ovl_do_setxattr(ofs, upperdentry, ox, value, size);
 
 	if (err == -EOPNOTSUPP) {
-		pr_warn("cannot set %s xattr on upper\n", name);
+		pr_warn("cannot set %s xattr on upper\n", ovl_xattr(ofs, ox));
 		ofs->noxattr = true;
 		return xerr;
 	}
@@ -845,7 +867,7 @@
 }
 
 /* err < 0, 0 if no metacopy xattr, 1 if metacopy xattr found */
-int ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(struct dentry *dentry)
+int ovl_check_metacopy_xattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry)
 {
 	int res;
 
@@ -853,7 +875,7 @@
 	if (!S_ISREG(d_inode(dentry)->i_mode))
 		return 0;
 
-	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, OVL_XATTR_METACOPY, NULL, 0);
+	res = ovl_do_getxattr(ofs, dentry, OVL_XATTR_METACOPY, NULL, 0);
 	if (res < 0) {
 		if (res == -ENODATA || res == -EOPNOTSUPP)
 			return 0;
@@ -882,49 +904,27 @@
 	return (oe->numlower > 1);
 }
 
-ssize_t ovl_getxattr(struct dentry *dentry, char *name, char **value,
-		     size_t padding)
-{
-	ssize_t res;
-	char *buf = NULL;
-
-	res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, NULL, 0);
-	if (res < 0) {
-		if (res == -ENODATA || res == -EOPNOTSUPP)
-			return -ENODATA;
-		goto fail;
-	}
-
-	if (res != 0) {
-		buf = kzalloc(res + padding, GFP_KERNEL);
-		if (!buf)
-			return -ENOMEM;
-
-		res = vfs_getxattr(dentry, name, buf, res);
-		if (res < 0)
-			goto fail;
-	}
-	*value = buf;
-
-	return res;
-
-fail:
-	pr_warn_ratelimited("failed to get xattr %s: err=%zi)\n",
-			    name, res);
-	kfree(buf);
-	return res;
-}
-
-char *ovl_get_redirect_xattr(struct dentry *dentry, int padding)
+char *ovl_get_redirect_xattr(struct ovl_fs *ofs, struct dentry *dentry,
+			     int padding)
 {
 	int res;
 	char *s, *next, *buf = NULL;
 
-	res = ovl_getxattr(dentry, OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT, &buf, padding + 1);
-	if (res == -ENODATA)
+	res = ovl_do_getxattr(ofs, dentry, OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT, NULL, 0);
+	if (res == -ENODATA || res == -EOPNOTSUPP)
 		return NULL;
 	if (res < 0)
-		return ERR_PTR(res);
+		goto fail;
+	if (res == 0)
+		goto invalid;
+
+	buf = kzalloc(res + padding + 1, GFP_KERNEL);
+	if (!buf)
+		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
+
+	res = ovl_do_getxattr(ofs, dentry, OVL_XATTR_REDIRECT, buf, res);
+	if (res < 0)
+		goto fail;
 	if (res == 0)
 		goto invalid;
 
@@ -943,6 +943,10 @@
 invalid:
 	pr_warn_ratelimited("invalid redirect (%s)\n", buf);
 	res = -EINVAL;
+	goto err_free;
+fail:
+	pr_warn_ratelimited("failed to get redirect (%i)\n", res);
+err_free:
 	kfree(buf);
 	return ERR_PTR(res);
 }