sound/virtio/virtio_card.c - linux - Git at Google

 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
 /*
  * virtio-snd: Virtio sound device
  * Copyright (C) 2021 OpenSynergy GmbH
  */
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/moduleparam.h>
 #include <linux/virtio_config.h>
 #include <sound/initval.h>
 #include <uapi/linux/virtio_ids.h>

 #include "virtio_card.h"

 u32 virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms = MSEC_PER_SEC;
 module_param_named(msg_timeout_ms, virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms, uint, 0644);
 MODULE_PARM_DESC(msg_timeout_ms, "Message completion timeout in milliseconds");

 static void virtsnd_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev);

 /**
  * virtsnd_event_send() - Add an event to the event queue.
  * @vqueue: Underlying event virtqueue.
  * @event: Event.
  * @notify: Indicates whether or not to send a notification to the device.
  * @gfp: Kernel flags for memory allocation.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  */
 static void virtsnd_event_send(struct virtqueue *vqueue,
 			       struct virtio_snd_event *event, bool notify,
 			       gfp_t gfp)
 {
 	struct scatterlist sg;
 	struct scatterlist *psgs[1] = { &sg };

 	/* reset event content */
 	memset(event, 0, sizeof(*event));

 	sg_init_one(&sg, event, sizeof(*event));

 	if (virtqueue_add_sgs(vqueue, psgs, 0, 1, event, gfp) || !notify)
 		return;

 	if (virtqueue_kick_prepare(vqueue))
 		virtqueue_notify(vqueue);
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_event_dispatch() - Dispatch an event from the device side.
  * @snd: VirtIO sound device.
  * @event: VirtIO sound event.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  */
 static void virtsnd_event_dispatch(struct virtio_snd *snd,
 				   struct virtio_snd_event *event)
 {
 	switch (le32_to_cpu(event->hdr.code)) {
 	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_JACK_CONNECTED:
 	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_JACK_DISCONNECTED:
 		virtsnd_jack_event(snd, event);
 		break;
 	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_PCM_PERIOD_ELAPSED:
 	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_PCM_XRUN:
 		virtsnd_pcm_event(snd, event);
 		break;
 	}
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_event_notify_cb() - Dispatch all reported events from the event queue.
  * @vqueue: Underlying event virtqueue.
  *
  * This callback function is called upon a vring interrupt request from the
  * device.
  *
  * Context: Interrupt context.
  */
 static void virtsnd_event_notify_cb(struct virtqueue *vqueue)
 {
 	struct virtio_snd *snd = vqueue->vdev->priv;
 	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_event_queue(snd);
 	struct virtio_snd_event *event;
 	u32 length;
 	unsigned long flags;

 	spin_lock_irqsave(&queue->lock, flags);
 	do {
 		virtqueue_disable_cb(vqueue);
 		while ((event = virtqueue_get_buf(vqueue, &length))) {
 			virtsnd_event_dispatch(snd, event);
 			virtsnd_event_send(vqueue, event, true, GFP_ATOMIC);
 		}
 		if (unlikely(virtqueue_is_broken(vqueue)))
 			break;
 	} while (!virtqueue_enable_cb(vqueue));
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&queue->lock, flags);
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_find_vqs() - Enumerate and initialize all virtqueues.
  * @snd: VirtIO sound device.
  *
  * After calling this function, the event queue is disabled.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
 static int virtsnd_find_vqs(struct virtio_snd *snd)
 {
 	struct virtio_device *vdev = snd->vdev;
 	static vq_callback_t *callbacks[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX] = {
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_CONTROL] = virtsnd_ctl_notify_cb,
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT] = virtsnd_event_notify_cb,
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_TX] = virtsnd_pcm_tx_notify_cb,
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_RX] = virtsnd_pcm_rx_notify_cb
 	};
 	static const char *names[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX] = {
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_CONTROL] = "virtsnd-ctl",
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT] = "virtsnd-event",
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_TX] = "virtsnd-tx",
 		[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_RX] = "virtsnd-rx"
 	};
 	struct virtqueue *vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX] = { 0 };
 	unsigned int i;
 	unsigned int n;
 	int rc;

 	rc = virtio_find_vqs(vdev, VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX, vqs, callbacks, names,
 			     NULL);
 	if (rc) {
 		dev_err(&vdev->dev, "failed to initialize virtqueues\n");
 		return rc;
 	}

 	for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX; ++i)
 		snd->queues[i].vqueue = vqs[i];

 	/* Allocate events and populate the event queue */
 	virtqueue_disable_cb(vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT]);

 	n = virtqueue_get_vring_size(vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT]);

 	snd->event_msgs = kmalloc_array(n, sizeof(*snd->event_msgs),
 					GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!snd->event_msgs)
 		return -ENOMEM;

 	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
 		virtsnd_event_send(vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT],
 				   &snd->event_msgs[i], false, GFP_KERNEL);

 	return 0;
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_enable_event_vq() - Enable the event virtqueue.
  * @snd: VirtIO sound device.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  */
 static void virtsnd_enable_event_vq(struct virtio_snd *snd)
 {
 	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_event_queue(snd);

 	if (!virtqueue_enable_cb(queue->vqueue))
 		virtsnd_event_notify_cb(queue->vqueue);
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_disable_event_vq() - Disable the event virtqueue.
  * @snd: VirtIO sound device.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  */
 static void virtsnd_disable_event_vq(struct virtio_snd *snd)
 {
 	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_event_queue(snd);
 	struct virtio_snd_event *event;
 	u32 length;
 	unsigned long flags;

 	if (queue->vqueue) {
 		spin_lock_irqsave(&queue->lock, flags);
 		virtqueue_disable_cb(queue->vqueue);
 		while ((event = virtqueue_get_buf(queue->vqueue, &length)))
 			virtsnd_event_dispatch(snd, event);
 		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&queue->lock, flags);
 	}
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_build_devs() - Read configuration and build ALSA devices.
  * @snd: VirtIO sound device.
  *
  * Context: Any context that permits to sleep.
  * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
 static int virtsnd_build_devs(struct virtio_snd *snd)
 {
 	struct virtio_device *vdev = snd->vdev;
 	struct device *dev = &vdev->dev;
 	int rc;

 	rc = snd_card_new(dev, SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
 			  THIS_MODULE, 0, &snd->card);
 	if (rc < 0)
 		return rc;

 	snd->card->private_data = snd;

 	strscpy(snd->card->driver, VIRTIO_SND_CARD_DRIVER,
 		sizeof(snd->card->driver));
 	strscpy(snd->card->shortname, VIRTIO_SND_CARD_NAME,
 		sizeof(snd->card->shortname));
 	if (dev->parent->bus)
 		snprintf(snd->card->longname, sizeof(snd->card->longname),
 			 VIRTIO_SND_CARD_NAME " at %s/%s/%s",
 			 dev->parent->bus->name, dev_name(dev->parent),
 			 dev_name(dev));
 	else
 		snprintf(snd->card->longname, sizeof(snd->card->longname),
 			 VIRTIO_SND_CARD_NAME " at %s/%s",
 			 dev_name(dev->parent), dev_name(dev));

 	rc = virtsnd_jack_parse_cfg(snd);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;

 	rc = virtsnd_pcm_parse_cfg(snd);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;

 	rc = virtsnd_chmap_parse_cfg(snd);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;

 	if (snd->njacks) {
 		rc = virtsnd_jack_build_devs(snd);
 		if (rc)
 			return rc;
 	}

 	if (snd->nsubstreams) {
 		rc = virtsnd_pcm_build_devs(snd);
 		if (rc)
 			return rc;
 	}

 	if (snd->nchmaps) {
 		rc = virtsnd_chmap_build_devs(snd);
 		if (rc)
 			return rc;
 	}

 	return snd_card_register(snd->card);
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_validate() - Validate if the device can be started.
  * @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  * Return: 0 on success, -EINVAL on failure.
  */
 static int virtsnd_validate(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 {
 	if (!vdev->config->get) {
 		dev_err(&vdev->dev, "configuration access disabled\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}

 	if (!virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
 		dev_err(&vdev->dev,
 			"device does not comply with spec version 1.x\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}

 	if (!virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms) {
 		dev_err(&vdev->dev, "msg_timeout_ms value cannot be zero\n");
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}

 	if (virtsnd_pcm_validate(vdev))
 		return -EINVAL;

 	return 0;
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_probe() - Create and initialize the device.
  * @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
  *
  * Context: Any context that permits to sleep.
  * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
 static int virtsnd_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 {
 	struct virtio_snd *snd;
 	unsigned int i;
 	int rc;

 	snd = devm_kzalloc(&vdev->dev, sizeof(*snd), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!snd)
 		return -ENOMEM;

 	snd->vdev = vdev;
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&snd->ctl_msgs);
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&snd->pcm_list);

 	vdev->priv = snd;

 	for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX; ++i)
 		spin_lock_init(&snd->queues[i].lock);

 	rc = virtsnd_find_vqs(snd);
 	if (rc)
 		goto on_exit;

 	virtio_device_ready(vdev);

 	rc = virtsnd_build_devs(snd);
 	if (rc)
 		goto on_exit;

 	virtsnd_enable_event_vq(snd);

 on_exit:
 	if (rc)
 		virtsnd_remove(vdev);

 	return rc;
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_remove() - Remove VirtIO and ALSA devices.
  * @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
  *
  * Context: Any context that permits to sleep.
  */
 static void virtsnd_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 {
 	struct virtio_snd *snd = vdev->priv;
 	unsigned int i;

 	virtsnd_disable_event_vq(snd);
 	virtsnd_ctl_msg_cancel_all(snd);

 	if (snd->card)
 		snd_card_free(snd->card);

 	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
 	vdev->config->reset(vdev);

 	for (i = 0; snd->substreams && i < snd->nsubstreams; ++i) {
 		struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = &snd->substreams[i];

 		cancel_work_sync(&vss->elapsed_period);
 		virtsnd_pcm_msg_free(vss);
 	}

 	kfree(snd->event_msgs);
 }

 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
 /**
  * virtsnd_freeze() - Suspend device.
  * @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
 static int virtsnd_freeze(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 {
 	struct virtio_snd *snd = vdev->priv;
 	unsigned int i;

 	virtsnd_disable_event_vq(snd);
 	virtsnd_ctl_msg_cancel_all(snd);

 	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
 	vdev->config->reset(vdev);

 	for (i = 0; i < snd->nsubstreams; ++i)
 		cancel_work_sync(&snd->substreams[i].elapsed_period);

 	kfree(snd->event_msgs);
 	snd->event_msgs = NULL;

 	return 0;
 }

 /**
  * virtsnd_restore() - Resume device.
  * @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
  *
  * Context: Any context.
  * Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
  */
 static int virtsnd_restore(struct virtio_device *vdev)
 {
 	struct virtio_snd *snd = vdev->priv;
 	int rc;

 	rc = virtsnd_find_vqs(snd);
 	if (rc)
 		return rc;

 	virtio_device_ready(vdev);

 	virtsnd_enable_event_vq(snd);

 	return 0;
 }
 #endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */

 static const struct virtio_device_id id_table[] = {
 	{ VIRTIO_ID_SOUND, VIRTIO_DEV_ANY_ID },
 	{ 0 },
 };

 static struct virtio_driver virtsnd_driver = {
 	.driver.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
 	.driver.owner = THIS_MODULE,
 	.id_table = id_table,
 	.validate = virtsnd_validate,
 	.probe = virtsnd_probe,
 	.remove = virtsnd_remove,
 #ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
 	.freeze = virtsnd_freeze,
 	.restore = virtsnd_restore,
 #endif
 };

 module_virtio_driver(virtsnd_driver);

 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(virtio, id_table);
 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Virtio sound card driver");
 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
	// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
	/*
	* virtio-snd: Virtio sound device
	* Copyright (C) 2021 OpenSynergy GmbH
	*/
	#include <linux/module.h>
	#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
	#include <linux/virtio_config.h>
	#include <sound/initval.h>
	#include <uapi/linux/virtio_ids.h>

	#include "virtio_card.h"

	u32 virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms = MSEC_PER_SEC;
	module_param_named(msg_timeout_ms, virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms, uint, 0644);
	MODULE_PARM_DESC(msg_timeout_ms, "Message completion timeout in milliseconds");

	static void virtsnd_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev);

	/**
	* virtsnd_event_send() - Add an event to the event queue.
	* @vqueue: Underlying event virtqueue.
	* @event: Event.
	* @notify: Indicates whether or not to send a notification to the device.
	* @gfp: Kernel flags for memory allocation.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	*/
	static void virtsnd_event_send(struct virtqueue *vqueue,
	struct virtio_snd_event *event, bool notify,
	gfp_t gfp)
	{
	struct scatterlist sg;
	struct scatterlist *psgs[1] = { &sg };

	/* reset event content */
	memset(event, 0, sizeof(*event));

	sg_init_one(&sg, event, sizeof(*event));

	if (virtqueue_add_sgs(vqueue, psgs, 0, 1, event, gfp) \|\| !notify)
	return;

	if (virtqueue_kick_prepare(vqueue))
	virtqueue_notify(vqueue);
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_event_dispatch() - Dispatch an event from the device side.
	* @snd: VirtIO sound device.
	* @event: VirtIO sound event.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	*/
	static void virtsnd_event_dispatch(struct virtio_snd *snd,
	struct virtio_snd_event *event)
	{
	switch (le32_to_cpu(event->hdr.code)) {
	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_JACK_CONNECTED:
	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_JACK_DISCONNECTED:
	virtsnd_jack_event(snd, event);
	break;
	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_PCM_PERIOD_ELAPSED:
	case VIRTIO_SND_EVT_PCM_XRUN:
	virtsnd_pcm_event(snd, event);
	break;
	}
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_event_notify_cb() - Dispatch all reported events from the event queue.
	* @vqueue: Underlying event virtqueue.
	*
	* This callback function is called upon a vring interrupt request from the
	* device.
	*
	* Context: Interrupt context.
	*/
	static void virtsnd_event_notify_cb(struct virtqueue *vqueue)
	{
	struct virtio_snd *snd = vqueue->vdev->priv;
	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_event_queue(snd);
	struct virtio_snd_event *event;
	u32 length;
	unsigned long flags;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&queue->lock, flags);
	do {
	virtqueue_disable_cb(vqueue);
	while ((event = virtqueue_get_buf(vqueue, &length))) {
	virtsnd_event_dispatch(snd, event);
	virtsnd_event_send(vqueue, event, true, GFP_ATOMIC);
	}
	if (unlikely(virtqueue_is_broken(vqueue)))
	break;
	} while (!virtqueue_enable_cb(vqueue));
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&queue->lock, flags);
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_find_vqs() - Enumerate and initialize all virtqueues.
	* @snd: VirtIO sound device.
	*
	* After calling this function, the event queue is disabled.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	* Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
	*/
	static int virtsnd_find_vqs(struct virtio_snd *snd)
	{
	struct virtio_device *vdev = snd->vdev;
	static vq_callback_t *callbacks[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX] = {
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_CONTROL] = virtsnd_ctl_notify_cb,
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT] = virtsnd_event_notify_cb,
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_TX] = virtsnd_pcm_tx_notify_cb,
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_RX] = virtsnd_pcm_rx_notify_cb
	};
	static const char *names[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX] = {
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_CONTROL] = "virtsnd-ctl",
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT] = "virtsnd-event",
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_TX] = "virtsnd-tx",
	[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_RX] = "virtsnd-rx"
	};
	struct virtqueue *vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX] = { 0 };
	unsigned int i;
	unsigned int n;
	int rc;

	rc = virtio_find_vqs(vdev, VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX, vqs, callbacks, names,
	NULL);
	if (rc) {
	dev_err(&vdev->dev, "failed to initialize virtqueues\n");
	return rc;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX; ++i)
	snd->queues[i].vqueue = vqs[i];

	/* Allocate events and populate the event queue */
	virtqueue_disable_cb(vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT]);

	n = virtqueue_get_vring_size(vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT]);

	snd->event_msgs = kmalloc_array(n, sizeof(*snd->event_msgs),
	GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!snd->event_msgs)
	return -ENOMEM;

	for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
	virtsnd_event_send(vqs[VIRTIO_SND_VQ_EVENT],
	&snd->event_msgs[i], false, GFP_KERNEL);

	return 0;
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_enable_event_vq() - Enable the event virtqueue.
	* @snd: VirtIO sound device.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	*/
	static void virtsnd_enable_event_vq(struct virtio_snd *snd)
	{
	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_event_queue(snd);

	if (!virtqueue_enable_cb(queue->vqueue))
	virtsnd_event_notify_cb(queue->vqueue);
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_disable_event_vq() - Disable the event virtqueue.
	* @snd: VirtIO sound device.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	*/
	static void virtsnd_disable_event_vq(struct virtio_snd *snd)
	{
	struct virtio_snd_queue *queue = virtsnd_event_queue(snd);
	struct virtio_snd_event *event;
	u32 length;
	unsigned long flags;

	if (queue->vqueue) {
	spin_lock_irqsave(&queue->lock, flags);
	virtqueue_disable_cb(queue->vqueue);
	while ((event = virtqueue_get_buf(queue->vqueue, &length)))
	virtsnd_event_dispatch(snd, event);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&queue->lock, flags);
	}
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_build_devs() - Read configuration and build ALSA devices.
	* @snd: VirtIO sound device.
	*
	* Context: Any context that permits to sleep.
	* Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
	*/
	static int virtsnd_build_devs(struct virtio_snd *snd)
	{
	struct virtio_device *vdev = snd->vdev;
	struct device *dev = &vdev->dev;
	int rc;

	rc = snd_card_new(dev, SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX1, SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR1,
	THIS_MODULE, 0, &snd->card);
	if (rc < 0)
	return rc;

	snd->card->private_data = snd;

	strscpy(snd->card->driver, VIRTIO_SND_CARD_DRIVER,
	sizeof(snd->card->driver));
	strscpy(snd->card->shortname, VIRTIO_SND_CARD_NAME,
	sizeof(snd->card->shortname));
	if (dev->parent->bus)
	snprintf(snd->card->longname, sizeof(snd->card->longname),
	VIRTIO_SND_CARD_NAME " at %s/%s/%s",
	dev->parent->bus->name, dev_name(dev->parent),
	dev_name(dev));
	else
	snprintf(snd->card->longname, sizeof(snd->card->longname),
	VIRTIO_SND_CARD_NAME " at %s/%s",
	dev_name(dev->parent), dev_name(dev));

	rc = virtsnd_jack_parse_cfg(snd);
	if (rc)
	return rc;

	rc = virtsnd_pcm_parse_cfg(snd);
	if (rc)
	return rc;

	rc = virtsnd_chmap_parse_cfg(snd);
	if (rc)
	return rc;

	if (snd->njacks) {
	rc = virtsnd_jack_build_devs(snd);
	if (rc)
	return rc;
	}

	if (snd->nsubstreams) {
	rc = virtsnd_pcm_build_devs(snd);
	if (rc)
	return rc;
	}

	if (snd->nchmaps) {
	rc = virtsnd_chmap_build_devs(snd);
	if (rc)
	return rc;
	}

	return snd_card_register(snd->card);
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_validate() - Validate if the device can be started.
	* @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	* Return: 0 on success, -EINVAL on failure.
	*/
	static int virtsnd_validate(struct virtio_device *vdev)
	{
	if (!vdev->config->get) {
	dev_err(&vdev->dev, "configuration access disabled\n");
	return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (!virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_F_VERSION_1)) {
	dev_err(&vdev->dev,
	"device does not comply with spec version 1.x\n");
	return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (!virtsnd_msg_timeout_ms) {
	dev_err(&vdev->dev, "msg_timeout_ms value cannot be zero\n");
	return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (virtsnd_pcm_validate(vdev))
	return -EINVAL;

	return 0;
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_probe() - Create and initialize the device.
	* @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
	*
	* Context: Any context that permits to sleep.
	* Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
	*/
	static int virtsnd_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
	{
	struct virtio_snd *snd;
	unsigned int i;
	int rc;

	snd = devm_kzalloc(&vdev->dev, sizeof(*snd), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!snd)
	return -ENOMEM;

	snd->vdev = vdev;
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&snd->ctl_msgs);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&snd->pcm_list);

	vdev->priv = snd;

	for (i = 0; i < VIRTIO_SND_VQ_MAX; ++i)
	spin_lock_init(&snd->queues[i].lock);

	rc = virtsnd_find_vqs(snd);
	if (rc)
	goto on_exit;

	virtio_device_ready(vdev);

	rc = virtsnd_build_devs(snd);
	if (rc)
	goto on_exit;

	virtsnd_enable_event_vq(snd);

	on_exit:
	if (rc)
	virtsnd_remove(vdev);

	return rc;
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_remove() - Remove VirtIO and ALSA devices.
	* @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
	*
	* Context: Any context that permits to sleep.
	*/
	static void virtsnd_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
	{
	struct virtio_snd *snd = vdev->priv;
	unsigned int i;

	virtsnd_disable_event_vq(snd);
	virtsnd_ctl_msg_cancel_all(snd);

	if (snd->card)
	snd_card_free(snd->card);

	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
	vdev->config->reset(vdev);

	for (i = 0; snd->substreams && i < snd->nsubstreams; ++i) {
	struct virtio_pcm_substream *vss = &snd->substreams[i];

	cancel_work_sync(&vss->elapsed_period);
	virtsnd_pcm_msg_free(vss);
	}

	kfree(snd->event_msgs);
	}

	#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
	/**
	* virtsnd_freeze() - Suspend device.
	* @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	* Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
	*/
	static int virtsnd_freeze(struct virtio_device *vdev)
	{
	struct virtio_snd *snd = vdev->priv;
	unsigned int i;

	virtsnd_disable_event_vq(snd);
	virtsnd_ctl_msg_cancel_all(snd);

	vdev->config->del_vqs(vdev);
	vdev->config->reset(vdev);

	for (i = 0; i < snd->nsubstreams; ++i)
	cancel_work_sync(&snd->substreams[i].elapsed_period);

	kfree(snd->event_msgs);
	snd->event_msgs = NULL;

	return 0;
	}

	/**
	* virtsnd_restore() - Resume device.
	* @vdev: VirtIO parent device.
	*
	* Context: Any context.
	* Return: 0 on success, -errno on failure.
	*/
	static int virtsnd_restore(struct virtio_device *vdev)
	{
	struct virtio_snd *snd = vdev->priv;
	int rc;

	rc = virtsnd_find_vqs(snd);
	if (rc)
	return rc;

	virtio_device_ready(vdev);

	virtsnd_enable_event_vq(snd);

	return 0;
	}
	#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */

	static const struct virtio_device_id id_table[] = {
	{ VIRTIO_ID_SOUND, VIRTIO_DEV_ANY_ID },
	{ 0 },
	};

	static struct virtio_driver virtsnd_driver = {
	.driver.name = KBUILD_MODNAME,
	.driver.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.id_table = id_table,
	.validate = virtsnd_validate,
	.probe = virtsnd_probe,
	.remove = virtsnd_remove,
	#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
	.freeze = virtsnd_freeze,
	.restore = virtsnd_restore,
	#endif
	};

	module_virtio_driver(virtsnd_driver);

	MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(virtio, id_table);
	MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Virtio sound card driver");
	MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");