rcu: Introduce hlist_nulls variant of hlist
hlist uses NULL value to finish a chain.
hlist_nulls variant use the low order bit set to 1 to signal an end-of-list marker.
This allows to store many different end markers, so that some RCU lockless
algos (used in TCP/UDP stack for example) can save some memory barriers in
fast paths.
Two new files are added :
include/linux/list_nulls.h
- mimics hlist part of include/linux/list.h, derived to hlist_nulls variant
include/linux/rculist_nulls.h
- mimics hlist part of include/linux/rculist.h, derived to hlist_nulls variant
Only four helpers are declared for the moment :
hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu(), hlist_nulls_del_rcu(),
hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu() and hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu()
prefetches() were removed, since an end of list is not anymore NULL value.
prefetches() could trigger useless (and possibly dangerous) memory transactions.
Example of use (extracted from __udp4_lib_lookup())
struct sock *sk, *result;
struct hlist_nulls_node *node;
unsigned short hnum = ntohs(dport);
unsigned int hash = udp_hashfn(net, hnum);
struct udp_hslot *hslot = &udptable->hash[hash];
int score, badness;
rcu_read_lock();
begin:
result = NULL;
badness = -1;
sk_nulls_for_each_rcu(sk, node, &hslot->head) {
score = compute_score(sk, net, saddr, hnum, sport,
daddr, dport, dif);
if (score > badness) {
result = sk;
badness = score;
}
}
/*
* if the nulls value we got at the end of this lookup is
* not the expected one, we must restart lookup.
* We probably met an item that was moved to another chain.
*/
if (get_nulls_value(node) != hash)
goto begin;
if (result) {
if (unlikely(!atomic_inc_not_zero(&result->sk_refcnt)))
result = NULL;
else if (unlikely(compute_score(result, net, saddr, hnum, sport,
daddr, dport, dif) < badness)) {
sock_put(result);
goto begin;
}
}
rcu_read_unlock();
return result;
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
diff --git a/include/linux/list_nulls.h b/include/linux/list_nulls.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93150ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/list_nulls.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#ifndef _LINUX_LIST_NULLS_H
+#define _LINUX_LIST_NULLS_H
+
+/*
+ * Special version of lists, where end of list is not a NULL pointer,
+ * but a 'nulls' marker, which can have many different values.
+ * (up to 2^31 different values guaranteed on all platforms)
+ *
+ * In the standard hlist, termination of a list is the NULL pointer.
+ * In this special 'nulls' variant, we use the fact that objects stored in
+ * a list are aligned on a word (4 or 8 bytes alignment).
+ * We therefore use the last significant bit of 'ptr' :
+ * Set to 1 : This is a 'nulls' end-of-list marker (ptr >> 1)
+ * Set to 0 : This is a pointer to some object (ptr)
+ */
+
+struct hlist_nulls_head {
+ struct hlist_nulls_node *first;
+};
+
+struct hlist_nulls_node {
+ struct hlist_nulls_node *next, **pprev;
+};
+#define INIT_HLIST_NULLS_HEAD(ptr, nulls) \
+ ((ptr)->first = (struct hlist_nulls_node *) (1UL | (((long)nulls) << 1)))
+
+#define hlist_nulls_entry(ptr, type, member) container_of(ptr,type,member)
+/**
+ * ptr_is_a_nulls - Test if a ptr is a nulls
+ * @ptr: ptr to be tested
+ *
+ */
+static inline int is_a_nulls(const struct hlist_nulls_node *ptr)
+{
+ return ((unsigned long)ptr & 1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * get_nulls_value - Get the 'nulls' value of the end of chain
+ * @ptr: end of chain
+ *
+ * Should be called only if is_a_nulls(ptr);
+ */
+static inline unsigned long get_nulls_value(const struct hlist_nulls_node *ptr)
+{
+ return ((unsigned long)ptr) >> 1;
+}
+
+static inline int hlist_nulls_unhashed(const struct hlist_nulls_node *h)
+{
+ return !h->pprev;
+}
+
+static inline int hlist_nulls_empty(const struct hlist_nulls_head *h)
+{
+ return is_a_nulls(h->first);
+}
+
+static inline void __hlist_nulls_del(struct hlist_nulls_node *n)
+{
+ struct hlist_nulls_node *next = n->next;
+ struct hlist_nulls_node **pprev = n->pprev;
+ *pprev = next;
+ if (!is_a_nulls(next))
+ next->pprev = pprev;
+}
+
+/**
+ * hlist_nulls_for_each_entry - iterate over list of given type
+ * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor.
+ * @pos: the &struct hlist_node to use as a loop cursor.
+ * @head: the head for your list.
+ * @member: the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
+ *
+ */
+#define hlist_nulls_for_each_entry(tpos, pos, head, member) \
+ for (pos = (head)->first; \
+ (!is_a_nulls(pos)) && \
+ ({ tpos = hlist_nulls_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1;}); \
+ pos = pos->next)
+
+/**
+ * hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_from - iterate over a hlist continuing from current point
+ * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor.
+ * @pos: the &struct hlist_node to use as a loop cursor.
+ * @member: the name of the hlist_node within the struct.
+ *
+ */
+#define hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_from(tpos, pos, member) \
+ for (; (!is_a_nulls(pos)) && \
+ ({ tpos = hlist_nulls_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1;}); \
+ pos = pos->next)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/include/linux/rculist_nulls.h b/include/linux/rculist_nulls.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9ddd03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/rculist_nulls.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+#ifndef _LINUX_RCULIST_NULLS_H
+#define _LINUX_RCULIST_NULLS_H
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+/*
+ * RCU-protected list version
+ */
+#include <linux/list_nulls.h>
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+
+/**
+ * hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu - deletes entry from hash list with re-initialization
+ * @n: the element to delete from the hash list.
+ *
+ * Note: hlist_nulls_unhashed() on the node return true after this. It is
+ * useful for RCU based read lockfree traversal if the writer side
+ * must know if the list entry is still hashed or already unhashed.
+ *
+ * In particular, it means that we can not poison the forward pointers
+ * that may still be used for walking the hash list and we can only
+ * zero the pprev pointer so list_unhashed() will return true after
+ * this.
+ *
+ * The caller must take whatever precautions are necessary (such as
+ * holding appropriate locks) to avoid racing with another
+ * list-mutation primitive, such as hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu() or
+ * hlist_nulls_del_rcu(), running on this same list. However, it is
+ * perfectly legal to run concurrently with the _rcu list-traversal
+ * primitives, such as hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu().
+ */
+static inline void hlist_nulls_del_init_rcu(struct hlist_nulls_node *n)
+{
+ if (!hlist_nulls_unhashed(n)) {
+ __hlist_nulls_del(n);
+ n->pprev = NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * hlist_nulls_del_rcu - deletes entry from hash list without re-initialization
+ * @n: the element to delete from the hash list.
+ *
+ * Note: hlist_nulls_unhashed() on entry does not return true after this,
+ * the entry is in an undefined state. It is useful for RCU based
+ * lockfree traversal.
+ *
+ * In particular, it means that we can not poison the forward
+ * pointers that may still be used for walking the hash list.
+ *
+ * The caller must take whatever precautions are necessary
+ * (such as holding appropriate locks) to avoid racing
+ * with another list-mutation primitive, such as hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu()
+ * or hlist_nulls_del_rcu(), running on this same list.
+ * However, it is perfectly legal to run concurrently with
+ * the _rcu list-traversal primitives, such as
+ * hlist_nulls_for_each_entry().
+ */
+static inline void hlist_nulls_del_rcu(struct hlist_nulls_node *n)
+{
+ __hlist_nulls_del(n);
+ n->pprev = LIST_POISON2;
+}
+
+/**
+ * hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu
+ * @n: the element to add to the hash list.
+ * @h: the list to add to.
+ *
+ * Description:
+ * Adds the specified element to the specified hlist_nulls,
+ * while permitting racing traversals.
+ *
+ * The caller must take whatever precautions are necessary
+ * (such as holding appropriate locks) to avoid racing
+ * with another list-mutation primitive, such as hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu()
+ * or hlist_nulls_del_rcu(), running on this same list.
+ * However, it is perfectly legal to run concurrently with
+ * the _rcu list-traversal primitives, such as
+ * hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu(), used to prevent memory-consistency
+ * problems on Alpha CPUs. Regardless of the type of CPU, the
+ * list-traversal primitive must be guarded by rcu_read_lock().
+ */
+static inline void hlist_nulls_add_head_rcu(struct hlist_nulls_node *n,
+ struct hlist_nulls_head *h)
+{
+ struct hlist_nulls_node *first = h->first;
+
+ n->next = first;
+ n->pprev = &h->first;
+ rcu_assign_pointer(h->first, n);
+ if (!is_a_nulls(first))
+ first->pprev = &n->next;
+}
+/**
+ * hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu - iterate over rcu list of given type
+ * @tpos: the type * to use as a loop cursor.
+ * @pos: the &struct hlist_nulls_node to use as a loop cursor.
+ * @head: the head for your list.
+ * @member: the name of the hlist_nulls_node within the struct.
+ *
+ */
+#define hlist_nulls_for_each_entry_rcu(tpos, pos, head, member) \
+ for (pos = rcu_dereference((head)->first); \
+ (!is_a_nulls(pos)) && \
+ ({ tpos = hlist_nulls_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1; }); \
+ pos = rcu_dereference(pos->next))
+
+#endif
+#endif
