diff --git a/sound/pci/ad1889.c b/sound/pci/ad1889.c
index a7f38e6..d1f242b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ad1889.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ad1889.c
@@ -995,10 +995,10 @@
 	}
 
 	/* (2) */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+	err = snd_card_create(index[devno], id[devno], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 	/* XXX REVISIT: we can probably allocate chip in this call */
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "AD1889");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Analog Devices AD1889");
diff --git a/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c b/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c
index 1a0fd65..b36c551 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ali5451/ali5451.c
@@ -2307,9 +2307,9 @@
 
 	snd_ali_printk("probe ...\n");
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_ali_create(card, pci, pcm_channels, spdif, &codec);
 	if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/pci/als300.c b/sound/pci/als300.c
index 8df6824..f557c15 100644
--- a/sound/pci/als300.c
+++ b/sound/pci/als300.c
@@ -812,10 +812,10 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	chip_type = pci_id->driver_data;
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/als4000.c b/sound/pci/als4000.c
index ba57005..542a0c6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/als4000.c
+++ b/sound/pci/als4000.c
@@ -889,12 +889,13 @@
 	pci_write_config_word(pci, PCI_COMMAND, word | PCI_COMMAND_IO);
 	pci_set_master(pci);
 	
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 
-			    sizeof(*acard) /* private_data: acard */);
-	if (card == NULL) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 
+			      sizeof(*acard) /* private_data: acard */,
+			      &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		pci_release_regions(pci);
 		pci_disable_device(pci);
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	acard = card->private_data;
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp.c b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
index 226fe82..9ce8548 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp.c
@@ -1645,9 +1645,9 @@
 	struct atiixp *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, spdif_aclink ? "ATIIXP" : "ATIIXP-SPDMA");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ATI IXP");
diff --git a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
index 0e6e5cc..c3136cc 100644
--- a/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
+++ b/sound/pci/atiixp_modem.c
@@ -1288,9 +1288,9 @@
 	struct atiixp_modem *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ATIIXP-MODEM");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ATI IXP Modem");
diff --git a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
index a36d4d1..9ec1223 100644
--- a/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
+++ b/sound/pci/au88x0/au88x0.c
@@ -250,9 +250,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 	// (2)
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	// (3)
 	if ((err = snd_vortex_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c b/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
index 3f00ddf..eefcbf6 100644
--- a/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
+++ b/sound/pci/aw2/aw2-alsa.c
@@ -368,9 +368,9 @@
 	}
 
 	/* (2) Create card instance */
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	/* (3) Create main component */
 	err = snd_aw2_create(card, pci, &chip);
diff --git a/sound/pci/azt3328.c b/sound/pci/azt3328.c
index 333007c..1df96e76 100644
--- a/sound/pci/azt3328.c
+++ b/sound/pci/azt3328.c
@@ -2216,9 +2216,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "AZF3328");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Aztech AZF3328 (PCI168)");
diff --git a/sound/pci/bt87x.c b/sound/pci/bt87x.c
index 1aa1c04..a299340 100644
--- a/sound/pci/bt87x.c
+++ b/sound/pci/bt87x.c
@@ -888,9 +888,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_bt87x_create(card, pci, &chip);
 	if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
index 0e62205..b116456 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ca0106/ca0106_main.c
@@ -1707,9 +1707,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_ca0106_create(dev, card, pci, &chip);
 	if (err < 0)
diff --git a/sound/pci/cmipci.c b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
index 1a74ca6..c7899c3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cmipci.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cmipci.c
@@ -3272,9 +3272,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	
 	switch (pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_CMEDIA_CM8738:
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs4281.c b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
index 192e784..b9b07f4 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs4281.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs4281.c
@@ -1925,9 +1925,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_cs4281_create(card, pci, &chip, dual_codec[dev])) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
index e876b32..c9b3e3d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs46xx/cs46xx.c
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_cs46xx_create(card, pci,
 				     external_amp[dev], thinkpad[dev],
 				     &chip)) < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs5530.c b/sound/pci/cs5530.c
index 6dea5b5..dc46432 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs5530.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs5530.c
@@ -258,10 +258,10 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	err = snd_cs5530_create(card, pci, &chip);
 	if (err < 0) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
index 826e6de..ac1d72e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
+++ b/sound/pci/cs5535audio/cs5535audio.c
@@ -353,9 +353,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_cs5535audio_create(card, pci, &cs5535au)) < 0)
 		goto probefail_out;
diff --git a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
index 8dbc5c4..9d015a7 100644
--- a/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
+++ b/sound/pci/echoaudio/echoaudio.c
@@ -1997,9 +1997,9 @@
 
 	DE_INIT(("Echoaudio driver starting...\n"));
 	i = 0;
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pci->dev);
 
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
index 8354c1a..c7f3b99 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1.c
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if (max_buffer_size[dev] < 32)
 		max_buffer_size[dev] = 32;
 	else if (max_buffer_size[dev] > 1024)
diff --git a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
index 5ff4dbb..31542ad 100644
--- a/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
+++ b/sound/pci/emu10k1/emu10k1x.c
@@ -1544,9 +1544,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_emu10k1x_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/ens1370.c b/sound/pci/ens1370.c
index 9bf9536..e00614c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ens1370.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ens1370.c
@@ -2409,9 +2409,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_ensoniq_create(card, pci, &ensoniq)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1938.c b/sound/pci/es1938.c
index 4cd9a1fa..34a78af 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1938.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1938.c
@@ -1799,9 +1799,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	for (idx = 0; idx < 5; idx++) {
 		if (pci_resource_start(pci, idx) == 0 ||
 		    !(pci_resource_flags(pci, idx) & IORESOURCE_IO)) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/es1968.c b/sound/pci/es1968.c
index e9c3794..dc97e81 100644
--- a/sound/pci/es1968.c
+++ b/sound/pci/es1968.c
@@ -2645,9 +2645,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
                 
 	if (total_bufsize[dev] < 128)
 		total_bufsize[dev] = 128;
diff --git a/sound/pci/fm801.c b/sound/pci/fm801.c
index c129f9e..60cdb9e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/fm801.c
+++ b/sound/pci/fm801.c
@@ -1468,9 +1468,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_fm801_create(card, pci, tea575x_tuner[dev], &chip)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;
diff --git a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
index f04de11..ad5df2a 100644
--- a/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
+++ b/sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c
@@ -2335,10 +2335,10 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (!card) {
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0) {
 		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "Error creating card!\n");
-		return -ENOMEM;
+		return err;
 	}
 
 	err = azx_create(card, pci, dev, pci_id->driver_data, &chip);
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
index 58d7cda..bab1c70 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1712.c
@@ -2648,9 +2648,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ICE1712");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ICEnsemble ICE1712");
diff --git a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
index bb8d8c7..7ff36d3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ice1712/ice1724.c
@@ -2456,9 +2456,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ICE1724");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "ICEnsemble ICE1724");
diff --git a/sound/pci/intel8x0.c b/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
index 19d3391..671ff65 100644
--- a/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
+++ b/sound/pci/intel8x0.c
@@ -3058,9 +3058,9 @@
 	int err;
 	struct shortname_table *name;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if (spdif_aclink < 0)
 		spdif_aclink = check_default_spdif_aclink(pci);
diff --git a/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c b/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
index 93449e4..33a843c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
+++ b/sound/pci/intel8x0m.c
@@ -1269,9 +1269,9 @@
 	int err;
 	struct shortname_table *name;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "ICH-MODEM");
 	strcpy(card->shortname, "Intel ICH");
diff --git a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
index 5f8006b..8b79969 100644
--- a/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
+++ b/sound/pci/korg1212/korg1212.c
@@ -2443,9 +2443,9 @@
 		dev++;
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-        if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
         if ((err = snd_korg1212_create(card, pci, &korg1212)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
diff --git a/sound/pci/maestro3.c b/sound/pci/maestro3.c
index 59bbaf8..7014154 100644
--- a/sound/pci/maestro3.c
+++ b/sound/pci/maestro3.c
@@ -2691,9 +2691,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch (pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_ESS_ALLEGRO:
diff --git a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
index f23a735..bfc19e3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
+++ b/sound/pci/mixart/mixart.c
@@ -1365,12 +1365,12 @@
 		else
 			idx = index[dev] + i;
 		snprintf(tmpid, sizeof(tmpid), "%s-%d", id[dev] ? id[dev] : "MIXART", i);
-		card = snd_card_new(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0);
+		err = snd_card_create(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-		if (! card) {
+		if (err < 0) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the card %d\n", i);
 			snd_mixart_free(mgr);
-			return -ENOMEM;
+			return err;
 		}
 
 		strcpy(card->driver, CARD_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c b/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
index 50c9f8a..522a040 100644
--- a/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
+++ b/sound/pci/nm256/nm256.c
@@ -1668,9 +1668,9 @@
 		}
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch (pci->device) {
 	case PCI_DEVICE_ID_NEOMAGIC_NM256AV_AUDIO:
diff --git a/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c b/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c
index 84f481d..9c81e0b 100644
--- a/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c
+++ b/sound/pci/oxygen/oxygen_lib.c
@@ -459,10 +459,10 @@
 	struct oxygen *chip;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, model->owner,
-			    sizeof *chip + model->model_data_size);
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, model->owner,
+			      sizeof(*chip) + model->model_data_size, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	chip = card->private_data;
 	chip->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
index 27cf2c2..7f95459 100644
--- a/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
+++ b/sound/pci/pcxhr/pcxhr.c
@@ -1510,12 +1510,12 @@
 
 		snprintf(tmpid, sizeof(tmpid), "%s-%d",
 			 id[dev] ? id[dev] : card_name, i);
-		card = snd_card_new(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0);
+		err = snd_card_create(idx, tmpid, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
 
-		if (! card) {
+		if (err < 0) {
 			snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot allocate the card %d\n", i);
 			pcxhr_free(mgr);
-			return -ENOMEM;
+			return err;
 		}
 
 		strcpy(card->driver, DRIVER_NAME);
diff --git a/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c b/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
index 3caacfb..6f10344 100644
--- a/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
+++ b/sound/pci/riptide/riptide.c
@@ -2102,9 +2102,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	if ((err = snd_riptide_create(card, pci, &chip)) < 0) {
 		snd_card_free(card);
 		return err;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme32.c b/sound/pci/rme32.c
index e7ef3a1..d7b966e 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme32.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme32.c
@@ -1941,9 +1941,10 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct rme32))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct rme32), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_rme32_card_free;
 	rme32 = (struct rme32 *) card->private_data;
 	rme32->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme96.c b/sound/pci/rme96.c
index 3fdd488..55fb1c1 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme96.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme96.c
@@ -2348,9 +2348,10 @@
 		dev++;
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
-	if ((card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-				 sizeof(struct rme96))) == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct rme96), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	card->private_free = snd_rme96_card_free;
 	rme96 = (struct rme96 *)card->private_data;	
 	rme96->card = card;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
index 44d0c15..05b3f79 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdsp.c
@@ -5158,8 +5158,10 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	if (!(card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdsp))))
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct hdsp), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	hdsp = (struct hdsp *) card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_hdsp_card_free;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
index 71231cf..d4b4e0d 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/hdspm.c
@@ -4503,10 +4503,10 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev],
-			    THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdspm));
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev],
+			      THIS_MODULE, sizeof(struct hdspm), &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	hdspm = card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_hdspm_card_free;
diff --git a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
index 2570907..bc539ab 100644
--- a/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
+++ b/sound/pci/rme9652/rme9652.c
@@ -2594,11 +2594,11 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
-			    sizeof(struct snd_rme9652));
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE,
+			      sizeof(struct snd_rme9652), &card);
 
-	if (!card)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	rme9652 = (struct snd_rme9652 *) card->private_data;
 	card->private_free = snd_rme9652_card_free;
diff --git a/sound/pci/sis7019.c b/sound/pci/sis7019.c
index df2007e..baf6d8e3 100644
--- a/sound/pci/sis7019.c
+++ b/sound/pci/sis7019.c
@@ -1387,9 +1387,8 @@
 	if (!enable)
 		goto error_out;
 
-	rc = -ENOMEM;
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*sis));
-	if (!card)
+	rc = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, sizeof(*sis), &card);
+	if (rc < 0)
 		goto error_out;
 
 	strcpy(card->driver, "SiS7019");
diff --git a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
index cd408b8..c5601b0 100644
--- a/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
+++ b/sound/pci/sonicvibes.c
@@ -1423,9 +1423,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
  
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 	for (idx = 0; idx < 5; idx++) {
 		if (pci_resource_start(pci, idx) == 0 ||
 		    !(pci_resource_flags(pci, idx) & IORESOURCE_IO)) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/trident/trident.c b/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
index d94b16f..21cef97 100644
--- a/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
+++ b/sound/pci/trident/trident.c
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	if ((err = snd_trident_create(card, pci,
 				      pcm_channels[dev],
diff --git a/sound/pci/via82xx.c b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
index 1aafe95..d870554 100644
--- a/sound/pci/via82xx.c
+++ b/sound/pci/via82xx.c
@@ -2433,9 +2433,9 @@
 	unsigned int i;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	card_type = pci_id->driver_data;
 	switch (card_type) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c b/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
index 5bd79d2..c086b76 100644
--- a/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
+++ b/sound/pci/via82xx_modem.c
@@ -1167,9 +1167,9 @@
 	unsigned int i;
 	int err;
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index, id, THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	card_type = pci_id->driver_data;
 	switch (card_type) {
diff --git a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
index acc352f..fc9136c 100644
--- a/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
+++ b/sound/pci/vx222/vx222.c
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch ((int)pci_id->driver_data) {
 	case VX_PCI_VX222_OLD:
diff --git a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
index 2631a55..4af6666 100644
--- a/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
+++ b/sound/pci/ymfpci/ymfpci.c
@@ -187,9 +187,9 @@
 		return -ENOENT;
 	}
 
-	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
-	if (card == NULL)
-		return -ENOMEM;
+	err = snd_card_create(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0, &card);
+	if (err < 0)
+		return err;
 
 	switch (pci_id->device) {
 	case 0x0004: str = "YMF724";  model = "DS-1"; break;