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<h2 class="chapter">10 addr2line</h2>

<p><a name="index-addr2line-144"></a><a name="index-address-to-file-name-and-line-number-145"></a>
<!-- man title addr2line convert addresses into file names and line numbers -->

<pre class="smallexample">     <!-- man begin SYNOPSIS addr2line -->
     addr2line [<samp><span class="option">-a</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--addresses</span></samp>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-b</span></samp> <var>bfdname</var>|<samp><span class="option">--target=</span></samp><var>bfdname</var>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--demangle</span></samp>[=<var>style</var>]]
               [<samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-R</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--recurse-limit</span></samp>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-e</span></samp> <var>filename</var>|<samp><span class="option">--exe=</span></samp><var>filename</var>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-f</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--functions</span></samp>] [<samp><span class="option">-s</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--basename</span></samp>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--inlines</span></samp>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--pretty-print</span></samp>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-j</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--section=</span></samp><var>name</var>]
               [<samp><span class="option">-H</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--help</span></samp>] [<samp><span class="option">-V</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--version</span></samp>]
               [addr addr ...]
     <!-- man end -->
</pre>
   <!-- man begin DESCRIPTION addr2line -->
   <p><samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> translates addresses into file names and line numbers. 
Given an address in an executable or an offset in a section of a relocatable
object, it uses the debugging information to figure out which file name and
line number are associated with it.

   <p>The executable or relocatable object to use is specified with the <samp><span class="option">-e</span></samp>
option.  The default is the file <samp><span class="file">a.out</span></samp>.  The section in the relocatable
object to use is specified with the <samp><span class="option">-j</span></samp> option.

   <p><samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> has two modes of operation.

   <p>In the first, hexadecimal addresses are specified on the command line,
and <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> displays the file name and line number for each
address.

   <p>In the second, <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> reads hexadecimal addresses from
standard input, and prints the file name and line number for each
address on standard output.  In this mode, <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> may be used
in a pipe to convert dynamically chosen addresses.

   <p>The format of the output is &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">FILENAME:LINENO</span></samp>&rsquo;.  By default
each input address generates one line of output.

   <p>Two options can generate additional lines before each
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">FILENAME:LINENO</span></samp>&rsquo; line (in that order).

   <p>If the <samp><span class="option">-a</span></samp> option is used then a line with the input address
is displayed.

   <p>If the <samp><span class="option">-f</span></samp> option is used, then a line with the
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">FUNCTIONNAME</span></samp>&rsquo; is displayed.  This is the name of the function
containing the address.

   <p>One option can generate additional lines after the
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">FILENAME:LINENO</span></samp>&rsquo; line.

   <p>If the <samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> option is used and the code at the given address is
present there because of inlining by the compiler then additional
lines are displayed afterwards.  One or two extra lines (if the
<samp><span class="option">-f</span></samp> option is used) are displayed for each inlined function.

   <p>Alternatively if the <samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp> option is used then each input
address generates a single, long, output line containing the address,
the function name, the file name and the line number.  If the
<samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> option has also been used then any inlined functions will
be displayed in the same manner, but on separate lines, and prefixed
by the text &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(inlined by)</span></samp>&rsquo;.

   <p>If the file name or function name can not be determined,
<samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> will print two question marks in their place.  If the
line number can not be determined, <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> will print 0.

<!-- man end -->
<!-- man begin OPTIONS addr2line -->
   <p>The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.

     <dl>
<dt><samp><span class="env">-a</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--addresses</span></samp><dd>Display the address before the function name, file and line number
information.  The address is printed with a &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">0x</span></samp>&rsquo; prefix to easily
identify it.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-b </span><var>bfdname</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--target=</span><var>bfdname</var></samp><dd><a name="index-object-code-format-146"></a>Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
<var>bfdname</var>.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-C</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--demangle[=</span><var>style</var><span class="env">]</span></samp><dd><a name="index-demangling-in-objdump-147"></a>Decode (<dfn>demangle</dfn>) low-level symbol names into user-level names. 
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
makes C++ function names readable.  Different compilers have different
mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. See <a href="c_002b_002bfilt.html#c_002b_002bfilt">c++filt</a>,
for more information on demangling.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-e </span><var>filename</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--exe=</span><var>filename</var></samp><dd>Specify the name of the executable for which addresses should be
translated.  The default file is <samp><span class="file">a.out</span></samp>.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-f</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--functions</span></samp><dd>Display function names as well as file and line number information.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-s</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--basenames</span></samp><dd>Display only the base of each file name.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-i</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--inlines</span></samp><dd>If the address belongs to a function that was inlined, the source
information for all enclosing scopes back to the first non-inlined
function will also be printed.  For example, if <code>main</code> inlines
<code>callee1</code> which inlines <code>callee2</code>, and address is from
<code>callee2</code>, the source information for <code>callee1</code> and <code>main</code>
will also be printed.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-j</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--section</span></samp><dd>Read offsets relative to the specified section instead of absolute addresses.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-p</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--pretty-print</span></samp><dd>Make the output more human friendly: each location are printed on one line. 
If option <samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> is specified, lines for all enclosing scopes are
prefixed with &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(inlined by)</span></samp>&rsquo;.

     <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-r</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">-R</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--recurse-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--recursion-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--no-recursion-limit</span></samp><dd>Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed
whilst demangling strings.  Since the name mangling formats allow for
an inifinite level of recursion it is possible to create strings whose
decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space available on the host
machine, triggering a memory fault.  The limit tries to prevent this
from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting.

     <p>The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be
necessary in order to demangle truly complicated names.  Note however
that if the recursion limit is disabled then stack exhaustion is
possible and any bug reports about such an event will be rejected.

     <p>The <samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp> option is a synonym for the
<samp><span class="option">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp> option.  The <samp><span class="option">-R</span></samp> option is a
synonym for the <samp><span class="option">--recurse-limit</span></samp> option.

     <p>Note this option is only effective if the <samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp> or
<samp><span class="option">--demangle</span></samp> option has been enabled.

   </dl>

<!-- man end -->
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