<html lang="en">
<head>
<title>Stack Variables - STABS</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html">
<meta name="description" content="STABS">
<meta name="generator" content="makeinfo 4.13">
<link title="Top" rel="start" href="index.html#Top">
<link rel="up" href="Variables.html#Variables" title="Variables">
<link rel="next" href="Global-Variables.html#Global-Variables" title="Global Variables">
<link href="http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/" rel="generator-home" title="Texinfo Homepage">
<!--
Copyright (C) 1992-2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Contributed by Cygnus Support.  Written by Julia Menapace, Jim Kingdon,
and David MacKenzie.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or
any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no
Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no Back-Cover
Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU
Free Documentation License''.-->
<meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css">
<style type="text/css"><!--
  pre.display { font-family:inherit }
  pre.format  { font-family:inherit }
  pre.smalldisplay { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
  pre.smallformat  { font-family:inherit; font-size:smaller }
  pre.smallexample { font-size:smaller }
  pre.smalllisp    { font-size:smaller }
  span.sc    { font-variant:small-caps }
  span.roman { font-family:serif; font-weight:normal; } 
  span.sansserif { font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal; } 
--></style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="node">
<a name="Stack-Variables"></a>
<p>
Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Global-Variables.html#Global-Variables">Global Variables</a>,
Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Variables.html#Variables">Variables</a>
<hr>
</div>

<h3 class="section">4.1 Automatic Variables Allocated on the Stack</h3>

<p>If a variable's scope is local to a function and its lifetime is only as
long as that function executes (C calls such variables
<dfn>automatic</dfn>), it can be allocated in a register (see <a href="Register-Variables.html#Register-Variables">Register Variables</a>) or on the stack.

   <p><a name="index-N_005fLSYM_002c-for-stack-variables-25"></a><a name="index-C_005fLSYM-26"></a>Each variable allocated on the stack has a stab with the symbol
descriptor omitted.  Since type information should begin with a digit,
&lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">-</span></samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp><span class="samp">(</span></samp>&rsquo;, only those characters precluded from being used
for symbol descriptors.  However, the Acorn RISC machine (ARM) is said
to get this wrong: it puts out a mere type definition here, without the
preceding &lsquo;<samp><var>type-number</var><span class="samp">=</span></samp>&rsquo;.  This is a bad idea; there is no
guarantee that type descriptors are distinct from symbol descriptors. 
Stabs for stack variables use the <code>N_LSYM</code> stab type, or
<code>C_LSYM</code> for XCOFF.

   <p>The value of the stab is the offset of the variable within the
local variables.  On most machines this is an offset from the frame
pointer and is negative.  The location of the stab specifies which block
it is defined in; see <a href="Block-Structure.html#Block-Structure">Block Structure</a>.

   <p>For example, the following C code:

<pre class="example">     int
     main ()
     {
       int x;
     }
</pre>
   <p>produces the following stabs:

<pre class="example">     .stabs "main:F1",36,0,0,_main   # <span class="roman">36 is N_FUN</span>
     .stabs "x:1",128,0,0,-12        # <span class="roman">128 is N_LSYM</span>
     .stabn 192,0,0,LBB2             # <span class="roman">192 is N_LBRAC</span>
     .stabn 224,0,0,LBE2             # <span class="roman">224 is N_RBRAC</span>
</pre>
   <p>See <a href="Procedures.html#Procedures">Procedures</a> for more information on the <code>N_FUN</code> stab, and
<a href="Block-Structure.html#Block-Structure">Block Structure</a> for more information on the <code>N_LBRAC</code> and
<code>N_RBRAC</code> stabs.

   </body></html>