arm/micro-bench.c - kvm-unit-tests - Git at Google

 /*
  * Measure the cost of micro level operations.
  *
  * This test provides support for quantifying the cost of micro level
  * operations. To improve precision in the measurements, one should
  * consider pinning each VCPU to a specific physical CPU (PCPU) and to
  * ensure no other task could run on that PCPU to skew the results.
  * This can be achieved by enabling QMP server in the QEMU command in
  * unittest.cfg for micro-bench, allowing a client program to get the
  * thread_id for each VCPU thread from the QMP server. Based on that
  * information, the client program can then pin the corresponding VCPUs to
  * dedicated PCPUs and isolate interrupts and tasks from those PCPUs.
  *
  * Copyright Columbia University
  * Author: Shih-Wei Li <shihwei@cs.columbia.edu>
  * Author: Christoffer Dall <cdall@cs.columbia.edu>
  * Author: Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
  *
  * This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.
  */
 #include <libcflat.h>
 #include <util.h>
 #include <asm/gic.h>
 #include <asm/gic-v3-its.h>
 #include <asm/timer.h>

 #define NS_5_SECONDS		(5 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000UL)
 #define QEMU_MMIO_ADDR		0x0a000008

 static u32 cntfrq;

 static volatile bool irq_ready, irq_received;
 static int nr_ipi_received;
 static unsigned long mmio_addr = QEMU_MMIO_ADDR;

 static void *vgic_dist_base;
 static void (*write_eoir)(u32 irqstat);

 static void gic_irq_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
 {
 	u32 irqstat = gic_read_iar();
 	irq_ready = false;
 	irq_received = true;
 	gic_write_eoir(irqstat);

 	if (irqstat == PPI(TIMER_VTIMER_IRQ)) {
 		write_sysreg((ARCH_TIMER_CTL_IMASK | ARCH_TIMER_CTL_ENABLE),
 			     cntv_ctl_el0);
 		isb();
 	}
 	irq_ready = true;
 }

 static void gic_secondary_entry(void *data)
 {
 	install_irq_handler(EL1H_IRQ, gic_irq_handler);
 	gic_enable_defaults();
 	local_irq_enable();
 	irq_ready = true;
 	while (true)
 		cpu_relax();
 }

 static bool test_init(void)
 {
 	int v = gic_init();

 	if (!v) {
 		printf("No supported gic present, skipping tests...\n");
 		return false;
 	}

 	if (nr_cpus < 2) {
 		printf("At least two cpus required, skipping tests...\n");
 		return false;
 	}

 	switch (v) {
 	case 2:
 		vgic_dist_base = gicv2_dist_base();
 		write_eoir = gicv2_write_eoir;
 		break;
 	case 3:
 		vgic_dist_base = gicv3_dist_base();
 		write_eoir = gicv3_write_eoir;
 		break;
 	}

 	irq_ready = false;
 	gic_enable_defaults();
 	on_cpu_async(1, gic_secondary_entry, NULL);

 	cntfrq = get_cntfrq();
 	printf("Timer Frequency %d Hz (Output in microseconds)\n", cntfrq);

 	return true;
 }

 static void gic_prep_common(void)
 {
 	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;

 	while (!irq_ready && tries--)
 		cpu_relax();
 	assert(irq_ready);
 }

 static bool ipi_prep(void)
 {
 	u32 val;

 	val = readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
 	if (readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_TYPER2) & GICD_TYPER2_nASSGIcap) {
 		/* nASSGIreq can be changed only when GICD is disabled */
 		val &= ~GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
 		val &= ~GICD_CTLR_nASSGIreq;
 		writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
 		gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();

 		val |= GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
 		writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
 		gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();
 	}

 	nr_ipi_received = 0;
 	gic_prep_common();
 	return true;
 }

 static bool ipi_hw_prep(void)
 {
 	u32 val;

 	val = readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
 	if (readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_TYPER2) & GICD_TYPER2_nASSGIcap) {
 		/* nASSGIreq can be changed only when GICD is disabled */
 		val &= ~GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
 		val |= GICD_CTLR_nASSGIreq;
 		writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
 		gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();

 		val |= GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
 		writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
 		gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();
 	} else {
 		return false;
 	}

 	nr_ipi_received = 0;
 	gic_prep_common();
 	return true;
 }

 static void ipi_exec(void)
 {
 	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;

 	irq_received = false;

 	gic_ipi_send_single(1, 1);

 	while (!irq_received && tries--)
 		cpu_relax();

 	if (irq_received)
 		++nr_ipi_received;

 	assert_msg(irq_received, "failed to receive IPI in time, but received %d successfully\n", nr_ipi_received);
 }

 static bool lpi_prep(void)
 {
 	struct its_collection *col1;
 	struct its_device *dev2;

 	if (!gicv3_its_base())
 		return false;

 	its_enable_defaults();
 	dev2 = its_create_device(2 /* dev id */, 8 /* nb_ites */);
 	col1 = its_create_collection(1 /* col id */, 1 /* target PE */);
 	gicv3_lpi_set_config(8199, LPI_PROP_DEFAULT);

 	its_send_mapd_nv(dev2, true);
 	its_send_mapc_nv(col1, true);
 	its_send_invall_nv(col1);
 	its_send_mapti_nv(dev2, 8199 /* lpi id */, 20 /* event id */, col1);

 	gic_prep_common();
 	return true;
 }

 static void lpi_exec(void)
 {
 	struct its_device *dev2;
 	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;
 	static int received = 0;

 	irq_received = false;

 	dev2 = its_get_device(2);
 	its_send_int_nv(dev2, 20);

 	while (!irq_received && tries--)
 		cpu_relax();

 	if (irq_received)
 		++received;

 	assert_msg(irq_received, "failed to receive LPI in time, but received %d successfully\n", received);
 }

 static bool timer_prep(void)
 {
 	void *gic_isenabler;

 	gic_enable_defaults();
 	install_irq_handler(EL1H_IRQ, gic_irq_handler);
 	local_irq_enable();

 	switch (gic_version()) {
 	case 2:
 		gic_isenabler = gicv2_dist_base() + GICD_ISENABLER;
 		break;
 	case 3:
 		gic_isenabler = gicv3_sgi_base() + GICR_ISENABLER0;
 		break;
 	default:
 		assert_msg(0, "Unreachable");
 	}

 	writel(1 << PPI(TIMER_VTIMER_IRQ), gic_isenabler);
 	write_sysreg(ARCH_TIMER_CTL_IMASK | ARCH_TIMER_CTL_ENABLE, cntv_ctl_el0);
 	isb();

 	gic_prep_common();
 	return true;
 }

 static void timer_exec(void)
 {
 	u64 before_timer;
 	u64 timer_10ms;
 	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;
 	static int received = 0;

 	irq_received = false;

 	before_timer = read_sysreg(cntvct_el0);
 	timer_10ms = cntfrq / 100;
 	write_sysreg(before_timer + timer_10ms, cntv_cval_el0);
 	write_sysreg(ARCH_TIMER_CTL_ENABLE, cntv_ctl_el0);
 	isb();

 	while (!irq_received && tries--)
 		cpu_relax();

 	if (irq_received)
 		++received;

 	assert_msg(irq_received, "failed to receive PPI in time, but received %d successfully\n", received);
 }

 static void timer_post(uint64_t ntimes, uint64_t *total_ticks)
 {
 	/*
 	 * We use a 10msec timer to test the latency of PPI,
 	 * so we subtract the ticks of 10msec to get the
 	 * actual latency
 	 */
 	*total_ticks -= ntimes * (cntfrq / 100);
 }

 static void hvc_exec(void)
 {
 	asm volatile("mov w0, #0x4b000000; hvc #0" ::: "w0");
 }

 static void *userspace_emulated_addr;

 static bool mmio_read_user_prep(void)
 {
 	/*
 	 * FIXME: We need an MMIO address that we can safely read to test
 	 * exits to userspace. Ideally, the test-dev would provide us this
 	 * address (and one we could write to too), but until it does we
 	 * use a virtio-mmio transport address. FIXME2: We should be getting
 	 * this address (and the future test-dev address) from the devicetree,
 	 * but so far we lazily hardcode it.
 	 */
 	userspace_emulated_addr = (void *)ioremap(mmio_addr, sizeof(u32));
 	return true;
 }

 static void mmio_read_user_exec(void)
 {
 	readl(userspace_emulated_addr);
 }

 static void mmio_read_vgic_exec(void)
 {
 	readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_IIDR);
 }

 static void eoi_exec(void)
 {
 	int spurious_id = 1023; /* writes to EOI are ignored */

 	/* Avoid measuring assert(..) in gic_write_eoir */
 	write_eoir(spurious_id);
 }

 struct exit_test {
 	const char *name;
 	bool (*prep)(void);
 	void (*exec)(void);
 	void (*post)(uint64_t ntimes, uint64_t *total_ticks);
 	u32 times;
 	bool run;
 };

 static struct exit_test tests[] = {
 	{"hvc",			NULL,			hvc_exec,		NULL,		65536,		true},
 	{"mmio_read_user",	mmio_read_user_prep,	mmio_read_user_exec,	NULL,		65536,		true},
 	{"mmio_read_vgic",	NULL,			mmio_read_vgic_exec,	NULL,		65536,		true},
 	{"eoi",			NULL,			eoi_exec,		NULL,		65536,		true},
 	{"ipi",			ipi_prep,		ipi_exec,		NULL,		65536,		true},
 	{"ipi_hw",		ipi_hw_prep,		ipi_exec,		NULL,		65536,		true},
 	{"lpi",			lpi_prep,		lpi_exec,		NULL,		65536,		true},
 	{"timer_10ms",		timer_prep,		timer_exec,		timer_post,	256,		true},
 };

 struct ns_time {
 	uint64_t ns;
 	uint64_t ns_frac;
 };

 #define PS_PER_SEC (1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000UL)
 static void ticks_to_ns_time(uint64_t ticks, struct ns_time *ns_time)
 {
 	uint64_t ps_per_tick = PS_PER_SEC / cntfrq + !!(PS_PER_SEC % cntfrq);
 	uint64_t ps;

 	ps = ticks * ps_per_tick;
 	ns_time->ns = ps / 1000;
 	ns_time->ns_frac = (ps % 1000) / 100;
 }

 static void loop_test(struct exit_test *test)
 {
 	uint64_t start, end, total_ticks, ntimes = 0;
 	struct ns_time avg_ns, total_ns = {};

 	total_ticks = 0;
 	if (test->prep) {
 		if(!test->prep()) {
 			printf("%s test skipped\n", test->name);
 			return;
 		}
 	}

 	while (ntimes < test->times && total_ns.ns < NS_5_SECONDS) {
 		isb();
 		start = read_sysreg(cntpct_el0);
 		test->exec();
 		isb();
 		end = read_sysreg(cntpct_el0);

 		ntimes++;
 		total_ticks += (end - start);
 		ticks_to_ns_time(total_ticks, &total_ns);
 	}

 	if (test->post) {
 		test->post(ntimes, &total_ticks);
 		ticks_to_ns_time(total_ticks, &total_ns);
 	}

 	avg_ns.ns = total_ns.ns / ntimes;
 	avg_ns.ns_frac = total_ns.ns_frac / ntimes;

 	printf("%-30s%15" PRId64 ".%-15" PRId64 "%15" PRId64 ".%-15" PRId64 "\n",
 		test->name, total_ns.ns, total_ns.ns_frac, avg_ns.ns, avg_ns.ns_frac);
 }

 static void parse_args(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	int i, len;
 	long val;

 	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
 		len = parse_keyval(argv[i], &val);
 		if (len == -1)
 			continue;

 		if (strncmp(argv[i], "mmio-addr", len) == 0) {
 			mmio_addr = val;
 			report_info("found mmio_addr=0x%lx", mmio_addr);
 		}
 	}
 }

 int main(int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	int i;

 	parse_args(argc, argv);

 	if (!test_init())
 		return 1;

 	printf("\n%-30s%18s%13s%18s%13s\n", "name", "total ns", "", "avg ns", "");
 	for (i = 0 ; i < 92; ++i)
 		printf("%c", '-');
 	printf("\n");
 	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) {
 		if (!tests[i].run)
 			continue;
 		assert(tests[i].name && tests[i].exec);
 		loop_test(&tests[i]);
 	}

 	return 0;
 }
	/*
	* Measure the cost of micro level operations.
	*
	* This test provides support for quantifying the cost of micro level
	* operations. To improve precision in the measurements, one should
	* consider pinning each VCPU to a specific physical CPU (PCPU) and to
	* ensure no other task could run on that PCPU to skew the results.
	* This can be achieved by enabling QMP server in the QEMU command in
	* unittest.cfg for micro-bench, allowing a client program to get the
	* thread_id for each VCPU thread from the QMP server. Based on that
	* information, the client program can then pin the corresponding VCPUs to
	* dedicated PCPUs and isolate interrupts and tasks from those PCPUs.
	*
	* Copyright Columbia University
	* Author: Shih-Wei Li <shihwei@cs.columbia.edu>
	* Author: Christoffer Dall <cdall@cs.columbia.edu>
	* Author: Andrew Jones <drjones@redhat.com>
	*
	* This work is licensed under the terms of the GNU LGPL, version 2.
	*/
	#include <libcflat.h>
	#include <util.h>
	#include <asm/gic.h>
	#include <asm/gic-v3-its.h>
	#include <asm/timer.h>

	#define NS_5_SECONDS (5 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000UL)
	#define QEMU_MMIO_ADDR 0x0a000008

	static u32 cntfrq;

	static volatile bool irq_ready, irq_received;
	static int nr_ipi_received;
	static unsigned long mmio_addr = QEMU_MMIO_ADDR;

	static void *vgic_dist_base;
	static void (*write_eoir)(u32 irqstat);

	static void gic_irq_handler(struct pt_regs *regs)
	{
	u32 irqstat = gic_read_iar();
	irq_ready = false;
	irq_received = true;
	gic_write_eoir(irqstat);

	if (irqstat == PPI(TIMER_VTIMER_IRQ)) {
	write_sysreg((ARCH_TIMER_CTL_IMASK \| ARCH_TIMER_CTL_ENABLE),
	cntv_ctl_el0);
	isb();
	}
	irq_ready = true;
	}

	static void gic_secondary_entry(void *data)
	{
	install_irq_handler(EL1H_IRQ, gic_irq_handler);
	gic_enable_defaults();
	local_irq_enable();
	irq_ready = true;
	while (true)
	cpu_relax();
	}

	static bool test_init(void)
	{
	int v = gic_init();

	if (!v) {
	printf("No supported gic present, skipping tests...\n");
	return false;
	}

	if (nr_cpus < 2) {
	printf("At least two cpus required, skipping tests...\n");
	return false;
	}

	switch (v) {
	case 2:
	vgic_dist_base = gicv2_dist_base();
	write_eoir = gicv2_write_eoir;
	break;
	case 3:
	vgic_dist_base = gicv3_dist_base();
	write_eoir = gicv3_write_eoir;
	break;
	}

	irq_ready = false;
	gic_enable_defaults();
	on_cpu_async(1, gic_secondary_entry, NULL);

	cntfrq = get_cntfrq();
	printf("Timer Frequency %d Hz (Output in microseconds)\n", cntfrq);

	return true;
	}

	static void gic_prep_common(void)
	{
	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;

	while (!irq_ready && tries--)
	cpu_relax();
	assert(irq_ready);
	}

	static bool ipi_prep(void)
	{
	u32 val;

	val = readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
	if (readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_TYPER2) & GICD_TYPER2_nASSGIcap) {
	/* nASSGIreq can be changed only when GICD is disabled */
	val &= ~GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
	val &= ~GICD_CTLR_nASSGIreq;
	writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
	gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();

	val \|= GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
	writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
	gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();
	}

	nr_ipi_received = 0;
	gic_prep_common();
	return true;
	}

	static bool ipi_hw_prep(void)
	{
	u32 val;

	val = readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
	if (readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_TYPER2) & GICD_TYPER2_nASSGIcap) {
	/* nASSGIreq can be changed only when GICD is disabled */
	val &= ~GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
	val \|= GICD_CTLR_nASSGIreq;
	writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
	gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();

	val \|= GICD_CTLR_ENABLE_G1A;
	writel(val, vgic_dist_base + GICD_CTLR);
	gicv3_dist_wait_for_rwp();
	} else {
	return false;
	}

	nr_ipi_received = 0;
	gic_prep_common();
	return true;
	}

	static void ipi_exec(void)
	{
	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;

	irq_received = false;

	gic_ipi_send_single(1, 1);

	while (!irq_received && tries--)
	cpu_relax();

	if (irq_received)
	++nr_ipi_received;

	assert_msg(irq_received, "failed to receive IPI in time, but received %d successfully\n", nr_ipi_received);
	}

	static bool lpi_prep(void)
	{
	struct its_collection *col1;
	struct its_device *dev2;

	if (!gicv3_its_base())
	return false;

	its_enable_defaults();
	dev2 = its_create_device(2 /* dev id /, 8 / nb_ites */);
	col1 = its_create_collection(1 /* col id /, 1 / target PE */);
	gicv3_lpi_set_config(8199, LPI_PROP_DEFAULT);

	its_send_mapd_nv(dev2, true);
	its_send_mapc_nv(col1, true);
	its_send_invall_nv(col1);
	its_send_mapti_nv(dev2, 8199 /* lpi id /, 20 / event id */, col1);

	gic_prep_common();
	return true;
	}

	static void lpi_exec(void)
	{
	struct its_device *dev2;
	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;
	static int received = 0;

	irq_received = false;

	dev2 = its_get_device(2);
	its_send_int_nv(dev2, 20);

	while (!irq_received && tries--)
	cpu_relax();

	if (irq_received)
	++received;

	assert_msg(irq_received, "failed to receive LPI in time, but received %d successfully\n", received);
	}

	static bool timer_prep(void)
	{
	void *gic_isenabler;

	gic_enable_defaults();
	install_irq_handler(EL1H_IRQ, gic_irq_handler);
	local_irq_enable();

	switch (gic_version()) {
	case 2:
	gic_isenabler = gicv2_dist_base() + GICD_ISENABLER;
	break;
	case 3:
	gic_isenabler = gicv3_sgi_base() + GICR_ISENABLER0;
	break;
	default:
	assert_msg(0, "Unreachable");
	}

	writel(1 << PPI(TIMER_VTIMER_IRQ), gic_isenabler);
	write_sysreg(ARCH_TIMER_CTL_IMASK \| ARCH_TIMER_CTL_ENABLE, cntv_ctl_el0);
	isb();

	gic_prep_common();
	return true;
	}

	static void timer_exec(void)
	{
	u64 before_timer;
	u64 timer_10ms;
	unsigned tries = 1 << 28;
	static int received = 0;

	irq_received = false;

	before_timer = read_sysreg(cntvct_el0);
	timer_10ms = cntfrq / 100;
	write_sysreg(before_timer + timer_10ms, cntv_cval_el0);
	write_sysreg(ARCH_TIMER_CTL_ENABLE, cntv_ctl_el0);
	isb();

	while (!irq_received && tries--)
	cpu_relax();

	if (irq_received)
	++received;

	assert_msg(irq_received, "failed to receive PPI in time, but received %d successfully\n", received);
	}

	static void timer_post(uint64_t ntimes, uint64_t *total_ticks)
	{
	/*
	* We use a 10msec timer to test the latency of PPI,
	* so we subtract the ticks of 10msec to get the
	* actual latency
	*/
	total_ticks -= ntimes (cntfrq / 100);
	}

	static void hvc_exec(void)
	{
	asm volatile("mov w0, #0x4b000000; hvc #0" ::: "w0");
	}

	static void *userspace_emulated_addr;

	static bool mmio_read_user_prep(void)
	{
	/*
	* FIXME: We need an MMIO address that we can safely read to test
	* exits to userspace. Ideally, the test-dev would provide us this
	* address (and one we could write to too), but until it does we
	* use a virtio-mmio transport address. FIXME2: We should be getting
	* this address (and the future test-dev address) from the devicetree,
	* but so far we lazily hardcode it.
	*/
	userspace_emulated_addr = (void *)ioremap(mmio_addr, sizeof(u32));
	return true;
	}

	static void mmio_read_user_exec(void)
	{
	readl(userspace_emulated_addr);
	}

	static void mmio_read_vgic_exec(void)
	{
	readl(vgic_dist_base + GICD_IIDR);
	}

	static void eoi_exec(void)
	{
	int spurious_id = 1023; /* writes to EOI are ignored */

	/* Avoid measuring assert(..) in gic_write_eoir */
	write_eoir(spurious_id);
	}

	struct exit_test {
	const char *name;
	bool (*prep)(void);
	void (*exec)(void);
	void (post)(uint64_t ntimes, uint64_t total_ticks);
	u32 times;
	bool run;
	};

	static struct exit_test tests[] = {
	{"hvc", NULL, hvc_exec, NULL, 65536, true},
	{"mmio_read_user", mmio_read_user_prep, mmio_read_user_exec, NULL, 65536, true},
	{"mmio_read_vgic", NULL, mmio_read_vgic_exec, NULL, 65536, true},
	{"eoi", NULL, eoi_exec, NULL, 65536, true},
	{"ipi", ipi_prep, ipi_exec, NULL, 65536, true},
	{"ipi_hw", ipi_hw_prep, ipi_exec, NULL, 65536, true},
	{"lpi", lpi_prep, lpi_exec, NULL, 65536, true},
	{"timer_10ms", timer_prep, timer_exec, timer_post, 256, true},
	};

	struct ns_time {
	uint64_t ns;
	uint64_t ns_frac;
	};

	#define PS_PER_SEC (1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000UL)
	static void ticks_to_ns_time(uint64_t ticks, struct ns_time *ns_time)
	{
	uint64_t ps_per_tick = PS_PER_SEC / cntfrq + !!(PS_PER_SEC % cntfrq);
	uint64_t ps;

	ps = ticks * ps_per_tick;
	ns_time->ns = ps / 1000;
	ns_time->ns_frac = (ps % 1000) / 100;
	}

	static void loop_test(struct exit_test *test)
	{
	uint64_t start, end, total_ticks, ntimes = 0;
	struct ns_time avg_ns, total_ns = {};

	total_ticks = 0;
	if (test->prep) {
	if(!test->prep()) {
	printf("%s test skipped\n", test->name);
	return;
	}
	}

	while (ntimes < test->times && total_ns.ns < NS_5_SECONDS) {
	isb();
	start = read_sysreg(cntpct_el0);
	test->exec();
	isb();
	end = read_sysreg(cntpct_el0);

	ntimes++;
	total_ticks += (end - start);
	ticks_to_ns_time(total_ticks, &total_ns);
	}

	if (test->post) {
	test->post(ntimes, &total_ticks);
	ticks_to_ns_time(total_ticks, &total_ns);
	}

	avg_ns.ns = total_ns.ns / ntimes;
	avg_ns.ns_frac = total_ns.ns_frac / ntimes;

	printf("%-30s%15" PRId64 ".%-15" PRId64 "%15" PRId64 ".%-15" PRId64 "\n",
	test->name, total_ns.ns, total_ns.ns_frac, avg_ns.ns, avg_ns.ns_frac);
	}

	static void parse_args(int argc, char **argv)
	{
	int i, len;
	long val;

	for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
	len = parse_keyval(argv[i], &val);
	if (len == -1)
	continue;

	if (strncmp(argv[i], "mmio-addr", len) == 0) {
	mmio_addr = val;
	report_info("found mmio_addr=0x%lx", mmio_addr);
	}
	}
	}

	int main(int argc, char **argv)
	{
	int i;

	parse_args(argc, argv);

	if (!test_init())
	return 1;

	printf("\n%-30s%18s%13s%18s%13s\n", "name", "total ns", "", "avg ns", "");
	for (i = 0 ; i < 92; ++i)
	printf("%c", '-');
	printf("\n");
	for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(tests); i++) {
	if (!tests[i].run)
	continue;
	assert(tests[i].name && tests[i].exec);
	loop_test(&tests[i]);
	}

	return 0;
	}