drivers/usb/misc/yurex.c - linux - Git at Google

 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 /*
  * Driver for Meywa-Denki & KAYAC YUREX
  *
  * Copyright (C) 2010 Tomoki Sekiyama (tomoki.sekiyama@gmail.com)
  */

 #include <linux/kernel.h>
 #include <linux/errno.h>
 #include <linux/slab.h>
 #include <linux/module.h>
 #include <linux/kref.h>
 #include <linux/mutex.h>
 #include <linux/uaccess.h>
 #include <linux/usb.h>
 #include <linux/hid.h>

 #define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Tomoki Sekiyama"
 #define DRIVER_DESC "Driver for Meywa-Denki & KAYAC YUREX"

 #define YUREX_VENDOR_ID		0x0c45
 #define YUREX_PRODUCT_ID	0x1010

 #define CMD_ACK		'!'
 #define CMD_ANIMATE	'A'
 #define CMD_COUNT	'C'
 #define CMD_LED		'L'
 #define CMD_READ	'R'
 #define CMD_SET		'S'
 #define CMD_VERSION	'V'
 #define CMD_EOF		0x0d
 #define CMD_PADDING	0xff

 #define YUREX_BUF_SIZE		8
 #define YUREX_WRITE_TIMEOUT	(HZ*2)

 #define MAX_S64_STRLEN 20 /* {-}922337203685477580{7,8} */

 /* table of devices that work with this driver */
 static struct usb_device_id yurex_table[] = {
 	{ USB_DEVICE(YUREX_VENDOR_ID, YUREX_PRODUCT_ID) },
 	{ }					/* Terminating entry */
 };
 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, yurex_table);

 #ifdef CONFIG_USB_DYNAMIC_MINORS
 #define YUREX_MINOR_BASE	0
 #else
 #define YUREX_MINOR_BASE	192
 #endif

 /* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
 struct usb_yurex {
 	struct usb_device	*udev;
 	struct usb_interface	*interface;
 	__u8			int_in_endpointAddr;
 	struct urb		*urb;		/* URB for interrupt in */
 	unsigned char           *int_buffer;	/* buffer for intterupt in */
 	struct urb		*cntl_urb;	/* URB for control msg */
 	struct usb_ctrlrequest	*cntl_req;	/* req for control msg */
 	unsigned char		*cntl_buffer;	/* buffer for control msg */

 	struct kref		kref;
 	struct mutex		io_mutex;
 	unsigned long		disconnected:1;
 	struct fasync_struct	*async_queue;
 	wait_queue_head_t	waitq;

 	spinlock_t		lock;
 	__s64			bbu;		/* BBU from device */
 };
 #define to_yurex_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_yurex, kref)

 static struct usb_driver yurex_driver;
 static const struct file_operations yurex_fops;


 static void yurex_control_callback(struct urb *urb)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev = urb->context;
 	int status = urb->status;

 	if (status) {
 		dev_err(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - control failed: %d\n",
 			__func__, status);
 		wake_up_interruptible(&dev->waitq);
 		return;
 	}
 	/* on success, sender woken up by CMD_ACK int in, or timeout */
 }

 static void yurex_delete(struct kref *kref)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev = to_yurex_dev(kref);

 	dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s\n", __func__);

 	if (dev->cntl_urb) {
 		usb_kill_urb(dev->cntl_urb);
 		kfree(dev->cntl_req);
 		usb_free_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
 				dev->cntl_buffer, dev->cntl_urb->transfer_dma);
 		usb_free_urb(dev->cntl_urb);
 	}
 	if (dev->urb) {
 		usb_kill_urb(dev->urb);
 		usb_free_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
 				dev->int_buffer, dev->urb->transfer_dma);
 		usb_free_urb(dev->urb);
 	}
 	usb_put_intf(dev->interface);
 	usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
 	kfree(dev);
 }

 /*
  * usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
  * and to have the device registered with the driver core
  */
 static struct usb_class_driver yurex_class = {
 	.name =		"yurex%d",
 	.fops =		&yurex_fops,
 	.minor_base =	YUREX_MINOR_BASE,
 };

 static void yurex_interrupt(struct urb *urb)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev = urb->context;
 	unsigned char *buf = dev->int_buffer;
 	int status = urb->status;
 	unsigned long flags;
 	int retval, i;

 	switch (status) {
 	case 0: /*success*/
 		break;
 	/* The device is terminated or messed up, give up */
 	case -EOVERFLOW:
 		dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
 			"%s - overflow with length %d, actual length is %d\n",
 			__func__, YUREX_BUF_SIZE, dev->urb->actual_length);
 		return;
 	case -ECONNRESET:
 	case -ENOENT:
 	case -ESHUTDOWN:
 	case -EILSEQ:
 	case -EPROTO:
 	case -ETIME:
 		return;
 	default:
 		dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
 			"%s - unknown status received: %d\n", __func__, status);
 		return;
 	}

 	/* handle received message */
 	switch (buf[0]) {
 	case CMD_COUNT:
 	case CMD_READ:
 		if (buf[6] == CMD_EOF) {
 			spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags);
 			dev->bbu = 0;
 			for (i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
 				dev->bbu += buf[i];
 				if (i != 5)
 					dev->bbu <<= 8;
 			}
 			dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s count: %lld\n",
 				__func__, dev->bbu);
 			spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags);

 			kill_fasync(&dev->async_queue, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
 		}
 		else
 			dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev,
 				"data format error - no EOF\n");
 		break;
 	case CMD_ACK:
 		dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s ack: %c\n",
 			__func__, buf[1]);
 		wake_up_interruptible(&dev->waitq);
 		break;
 	}

 	retval = usb_submit_urb(dev->urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
 	if (retval) {
 		dev_err(&dev->interface->dev, "%s - usb_submit_urb failed: %d\n",
 			__func__, retval);
 	}
 }

 static int yurex_probe(struct usb_interface *interface, const struct usb_device_id *id)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev;
 	struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
 	struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
 	int retval = -ENOMEM;
 	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
 	int res;

 	/* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
 	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!dev)
 		goto error;
 	kref_init(&dev->kref);
 	mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
 	spin_lock_init(&dev->lock);
 	init_waitqueue_head(&dev->waitq);

 	dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
 	dev->interface = usb_get_intf(interface);

 	/* set up the endpoint information */
 	iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
 	res = usb_find_int_in_endpoint(iface_desc, &endpoint);
 	if (res) {
 		dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not find endpoints\n");
 		retval = res;
 		goto error;
 	}

 	dev->int_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;

 	/* allocate control URB */
 	dev->cntl_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!dev->cntl_urb)
 		goto error;

 	/* allocate buffer for control req */
 	dev->cntl_req = kmalloc(YUREX_BUF_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!dev->cntl_req)
 		goto error;

 	/* allocate buffer for control msg */
 	dev->cntl_buffer = usb_alloc_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
 					      GFP_KERNEL,
 					      &dev->cntl_urb->transfer_dma);
 	if (!dev->cntl_buffer) {
 		dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not allocate cntl_buffer\n");
 		goto error;
 	}

 	/* configure control URB */
 	dev->cntl_req->bRequestType = USB_DIR_OUT | USB_TYPE_CLASS |
 				      USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
 	dev->cntl_req->bRequest	= HID_REQ_SET_REPORT;
 	dev->cntl_req->wValue	= cpu_to_le16((HID_OUTPUT_REPORT + 1) << 8);
 	dev->cntl_req->wIndex	= cpu_to_le16(iface_desc->desc.bInterfaceNumber);
 	dev->cntl_req->wLength	= cpu_to_le16(YUREX_BUF_SIZE);

 	usb_fill_control_urb(dev->cntl_urb, dev->udev,
 			     usb_sndctrlpipe(dev->udev, 0),
 			     (void *)dev->cntl_req, dev->cntl_buffer,
 			     YUREX_BUF_SIZE, yurex_control_callback, dev);
 	dev->cntl_urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;


 	/* allocate interrupt URB */
 	dev->urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
 	if (!dev->urb)
 		goto error;

 	/* allocate buffer for interrupt in */
 	dev->int_buffer = usb_alloc_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
 					GFP_KERNEL, &dev->urb->transfer_dma);
 	if (!dev->int_buffer) {
 		dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not allocate int_buffer\n");
 		goto error;
 	}

 	/* configure interrupt URB */
 	usb_fill_int_urb(dev->urb, dev->udev,
 			 usb_rcvintpipe(dev->udev, dev->int_in_endpointAddr),
 			 dev->int_buffer, YUREX_BUF_SIZE, yurex_interrupt,
 			 dev, 1);
 	dev->urb->transfer_flags |= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
 	if (usb_submit_urb(dev->urb, GFP_KERNEL)) {
 		retval = -EIO;
 		dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not submitting URB\n");
 		goto error;
 	}

 	/* save our data pointer in this interface device */
 	usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
 	dev->bbu = -1;

 	/* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
 	retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &yurex_class);
 	if (retval) {
 		dev_err(&interface->dev,
 			"Not able to get a minor for this device.\n");
 		usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
 		goto error;
 	}

 	dev_info(&interface->dev,
 		 "USB YUREX device now attached to Yurex #%d\n",
 		 interface->minor);

 	return 0;

 error:
 	if (dev)
 		/* this frees allocated memory */
 		kref_put(&dev->kref, yurex_delete);
 	return retval;
 }

 static void yurex_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev;
 	int minor = interface->minor;

 	dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
 	usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);

 	/* give back our minor */
 	usb_deregister_dev(interface, &yurex_class);

 	/* prevent more I/O from starting */
 	usb_poison_urb(dev->urb);
 	usb_poison_urb(dev->cntl_urb);
 	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
 	dev->disconnected = 1;
 	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

 	/* wakeup waiters */
 	kill_fasync(&dev->async_queue, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
 	wake_up_interruptible(&dev->waitq);

 	/* decrement our usage count */
 	kref_put(&dev->kref, yurex_delete);

 	dev_info(&interface->dev, "USB YUREX #%d now disconnected\n", minor);
 }

 static struct usb_driver yurex_driver = {
 	.name =		"yurex",
 	.probe =	yurex_probe,
 	.disconnect =	yurex_disconnect,
 	.id_table =	yurex_table,
 };


 static int yurex_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev;

 	dev = file->private_data;
 	return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &dev->async_queue);
 }

 static int yurex_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev;
 	struct usb_interface *interface;
 	int subminor;
 	int retval = 0;

 	subminor = iminor(inode);

 	interface = usb_find_interface(&yurex_driver, subminor);
 	if (!interface) {
 		printk(KERN_ERR "%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
 		       __func__, subminor);
 		retval = -ENODEV;
 		goto exit;
 	}

 	dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
 	if (!dev) {
 		retval = -ENODEV;
 		goto exit;
 	}

 	/* increment our usage count for the device */
 	kref_get(&dev->kref);

 	/* save our object in the file's private structure */
 	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
 	file->private_data = dev;
 	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

 exit:
 	return retval;
 }

 static int yurex_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev;

 	dev = file->private_data;
 	if (dev == NULL)
 		return -ENODEV;

 	/* decrement the count on our device */
 	kref_put(&dev->kref, yurex_delete);
 	return 0;
 }

 static ssize_t yurex_read(struct file *file, char __user *buffer, size_t count,
 			  loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev;
 	int len = 0;
 	char in_buffer[MAX_S64_STRLEN];
 	unsigned long flags;

 	dev = file->private_data;

 	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
 	if (dev->disconnected) {		/* already disconnected */
 		mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
 		return -ENODEV;
 	}

 	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(dev->bbu > S64_MAX || dev->bbu < S64_MIN)) {
 		mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
 		return -EIO;
 	}

 	spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags);
 	scnprintf(in_buffer, MAX_S64_STRLEN, "%lld\n", dev->bbu);
 	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags);
 	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

 	return simple_read_from_buffer(buffer, count, ppos, in_buffer, len);
 }

 static ssize_t yurex_write(struct file *file, const char __user *user_buffer,
 			   size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
 {
 	struct usb_yurex *dev;
 	int i, set = 0, retval = 0;
 	char buffer[16 + 1];
 	char *data = buffer;
 	unsigned long long c, c2 = 0;
 	signed long timeout = 0;
 	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);

 	count = min(sizeof(buffer) - 1, count);
 	dev = file->private_data;

 	/* verify that we actually have some data to write */
 	if (count == 0)
 		goto error;

 	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
 	if (dev->disconnected) {		/* already disconnected */
 		mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
 		retval = -ENODEV;
 		goto error;
 	}

 	if (copy_from_user(buffer, user_buffer, count)) {
 		mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
 		retval = -EFAULT;
 		goto error;
 	}
 	buffer[count] = 0;
 	memset(dev->cntl_buffer, CMD_PADDING, YUREX_BUF_SIZE);

 	switch (buffer[0]) {
 	case CMD_ANIMATE:
 	case CMD_LED:
 		dev->cntl_buffer[0] = buffer[0];
 		dev->cntl_buffer[1] = buffer[1];
 		dev->cntl_buffer[2] = CMD_EOF;
 		break;
 	case CMD_READ:
 	case CMD_VERSION:
 		dev->cntl_buffer[0] = buffer[0];
 		dev->cntl_buffer[1] = 0x00;
 		dev->cntl_buffer[2] = CMD_EOF;
 		break;
 	case CMD_SET:
 		data++;
 		fallthrough;
 	case '0' ... '9':
 		set = 1;
 		c = c2 = simple_strtoull(data, NULL, 0);
 		dev->cntl_buffer[0] = CMD_SET;
 		for (i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
 			dev->cntl_buffer[i] = (c>>32) & 0xff;
 			c <<= 8;
 		}
 		buffer[6] = CMD_EOF;
 		break;
 	default:
 		mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
 		return -EINVAL;
 	}

 	/* send the data as the control msg */
 	prepare_to_wait(&dev->waitq, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
 	dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s - submit %c\n", __func__,
 		dev->cntl_buffer[0]);
 	retval = usb_submit_urb(dev->cntl_urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
 	if (retval >= 0)
 		timeout = schedule_timeout(YUREX_WRITE_TIMEOUT);
 	finish_wait(&dev->waitq, &wait);

 	/* make sure URB is idle after timeout or (spurious) CMD_ACK */
 	usb_kill_urb(dev->cntl_urb);

 	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

 	if (retval < 0) {
 		dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
 			"%s - failed to send bulk msg, error %d\n",
 			__func__, retval);
 		goto error;
 	}
 	if (set && timeout)
 		dev->bbu = c2;
 	return timeout ? count : -EIO;

 error:
 	return retval;
 }

 static const struct file_operations yurex_fops = {
 	.owner =	THIS_MODULE,
 	.read =		yurex_read,
 	.write =	yurex_write,
 	.open =		yurex_open,
 	.release =	yurex_release,
 	.fasync	=	yurex_fasync,
 	.llseek =	default_llseek,
 };

 module_usb_driver(yurex_driver);

 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
	// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
	/*
	* Driver for Meywa-Denki & KAYAC YUREX
	*
	* Copyright (C) 2010 Tomoki Sekiyama (tomoki.sekiyama@gmail.com)
	*/

	#include <linux/kernel.h>
	#include <linux/errno.h>
	#include <linux/slab.h>
	#include <linux/module.h>
	#include <linux/kref.h>
	#include <linux/mutex.h>
	#include <linux/uaccess.h>
	#include <linux/usb.h>
	#include <linux/hid.h>

	#define DRIVER_AUTHOR "Tomoki Sekiyama"
	#define DRIVER_DESC "Driver for Meywa-Denki & KAYAC YUREX"

	#define YUREX_VENDOR_ID 0x0c45
	#define YUREX_PRODUCT_ID 0x1010

	#define CMD_ACK '!'
	#define CMD_ANIMATE 'A'
	#define CMD_COUNT 'C'
	#define CMD_LED 'L'
	#define CMD_READ 'R'
	#define CMD_SET 'S'
	#define CMD_VERSION 'V'
	#define CMD_EOF 0x0d
	#define CMD_PADDING 0xff

	#define YUREX_BUF_SIZE 8
	#define YUREX_WRITE_TIMEOUT (HZ*2)

	#define MAX_S64_STRLEN 20 /* {-}922337203685477580{7,8} */

	/* table of devices that work with this driver */
	static struct usb_device_id yurex_table[] = {
	{ USB_DEVICE(YUREX_VENDOR_ID, YUREX_PRODUCT_ID) },
	{ } /* Terminating entry */
	};
	MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, yurex_table);

	#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DYNAMIC_MINORS
	#define YUREX_MINOR_BASE 0
	#else
	#define YUREX_MINOR_BASE 192
	#endif

	/* Structure to hold all of our device specific stuff */
	struct usb_yurex {
	struct usb_device *udev;
	struct usb_interface *interface;
	__u8 int_in_endpointAddr;
	struct urb urb; / URB for interrupt in */
	unsigned char int_buffer; / buffer for intterupt in */
	struct urb cntl_urb; / URB for control msg */
	struct usb_ctrlrequest cntl_req; / req for control msg */
	unsigned char cntl_buffer; / buffer for control msg */

	struct kref kref;
	struct mutex io_mutex;
	unsigned long disconnected:1;
	struct fasync_struct *async_queue;
	wait_queue_head_t waitq;

	spinlock_t lock;
	__s64 bbu; /* BBU from device */
	};
	#define to_yurex_dev(d) container_of(d, struct usb_yurex, kref)

	static struct usb_driver yurex_driver;
	static const struct file_operations yurex_fops;


	static void yurex_control_callback(struct urb *urb)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev = urb->context;
	int status = urb->status;

	if (status) {
	dev_err(&urb->dev->dev, "%s - control failed: %d\n",
	__func__, status);
	wake_up_interruptible(&dev->waitq);
	return;
	}
	/* on success, sender woken up by CMD_ACK int in, or timeout */
	}

	static void yurex_delete(struct kref *kref)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev = to_yurex_dev(kref);

	dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s\n", __func__);

	if (dev->cntl_urb) {
	usb_kill_urb(dev->cntl_urb);
	kfree(dev->cntl_req);
	usb_free_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
	dev->cntl_buffer, dev->cntl_urb->transfer_dma);
	usb_free_urb(dev->cntl_urb);
	}
	if (dev->urb) {
	usb_kill_urb(dev->urb);
	usb_free_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
	dev->int_buffer, dev->urb->transfer_dma);
	usb_free_urb(dev->urb);
	}
	usb_put_intf(dev->interface);
	usb_put_dev(dev->udev);
	kfree(dev);
	}

	/*
	* usb class driver info in order to get a minor number from the usb core,
	* and to have the device registered with the driver core
	*/
	static struct usb_class_driver yurex_class = {
	.name = "yurex%d",
	.fops = &yurex_fops,
	.minor_base = YUREX_MINOR_BASE,
	};

	static void yurex_interrupt(struct urb *urb)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev = urb->context;
	unsigned char *buf = dev->int_buffer;
	int status = urb->status;
	unsigned long flags;
	int retval, i;

	switch (status) {
	case 0: /success/
	break;
	/* The device is terminated or messed up, give up */
	case -EOVERFLOW:
	dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
	"%s - overflow with length %d, actual length is %d\n",
	__func__, YUREX_BUF_SIZE, dev->urb->actual_length);
	return;
	case -ECONNRESET:
	case -ENOENT:
	case -ESHUTDOWN:
	case -EILSEQ:
	case -EPROTO:
	case -ETIME:
	return;
	default:
	dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
	"%s - unknown status received: %d\n", __func__, status);
	return;
	}

	/* handle received message */
	switch (buf[0]) {
	case CMD_COUNT:
	case CMD_READ:
	if (buf[6] == CMD_EOF) {
	spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags);
	dev->bbu = 0;
	for (i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
	dev->bbu += buf[i];
	if (i != 5)
	dev->bbu <<= 8;
	}
	dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s count: %lld\n",
	__func__, dev->bbu);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags);

	kill_fasync(&dev->async_queue, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
	}
	else
	dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev,
	"data format error - no EOF\n");
	break;
	case CMD_ACK:
	dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s ack: %c\n",
	__func__, buf[1]);
	wake_up_interruptible(&dev->waitq);
	break;
	}

	retval = usb_submit_urb(dev->urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
	if (retval) {
	dev_err(&dev->interface->dev, "%s - usb_submit_urb failed: %d\n",
	__func__, retval);
	}
	}

	static int yurex_probe(struct usb_interface interface, const struct usb_device_id id)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev;
	struct usb_host_interface *iface_desc;
	struct usb_endpoint_descriptor *endpoint;
	int retval = -ENOMEM;
	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);
	int res;

	/* allocate memory for our device state and initialize it */
	dev = kzalloc(sizeof(*dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev)
	goto error;
	kref_init(&dev->kref);
	mutex_init(&dev->io_mutex);
	spin_lock_init(&dev->lock);
	init_waitqueue_head(&dev->waitq);

	dev->udev = usb_get_dev(interface_to_usbdev(interface));
	dev->interface = usb_get_intf(interface);

	/* set up the endpoint information */
	iface_desc = interface->cur_altsetting;
	res = usb_find_int_in_endpoint(iface_desc, &endpoint);
	if (res) {
	dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not find endpoints\n");
	retval = res;
	goto error;
	}

	dev->int_in_endpointAddr = endpoint->bEndpointAddress;

	/* allocate control URB */
	dev->cntl_urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev->cntl_urb)
	goto error;

	/* allocate buffer for control req */
	dev->cntl_req = kmalloc(YUREX_BUF_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev->cntl_req)
	goto error;

	/* allocate buffer for control msg */
	dev->cntl_buffer = usb_alloc_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
	GFP_KERNEL,
	&dev->cntl_urb->transfer_dma);
	if (!dev->cntl_buffer) {
	dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not allocate cntl_buffer\n");
	goto error;
	}

	/* configure control URB */
	dev->cntl_req->bRequestType = USB_DIR_OUT \| USB_TYPE_CLASS \|
	USB_RECIP_INTERFACE;
	dev->cntl_req->bRequest = HID_REQ_SET_REPORT;
	dev->cntl_req->wValue = cpu_to_le16((HID_OUTPUT_REPORT + 1) << 8);
	dev->cntl_req->wIndex = cpu_to_le16(iface_desc->desc.bInterfaceNumber);
	dev->cntl_req->wLength = cpu_to_le16(YUREX_BUF_SIZE);

	usb_fill_control_urb(dev->cntl_urb, dev->udev,
	usb_sndctrlpipe(dev->udev, 0),
	(void *)dev->cntl_req, dev->cntl_buffer,
	YUREX_BUF_SIZE, yurex_control_callback, dev);
	dev->cntl_urb->transfer_flags \|= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;


	/* allocate interrupt URB */
	dev->urb = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!dev->urb)
	goto error;

	/* allocate buffer for interrupt in */
	dev->int_buffer = usb_alloc_coherent(dev->udev, YUREX_BUF_SIZE,
	GFP_KERNEL, &dev->urb->transfer_dma);
	if (!dev->int_buffer) {
	dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not allocate int_buffer\n");
	goto error;
	}

	/* configure interrupt URB */
	usb_fill_int_urb(dev->urb, dev->udev,
	usb_rcvintpipe(dev->udev, dev->int_in_endpointAddr),
	dev->int_buffer, YUREX_BUF_SIZE, yurex_interrupt,
	dev, 1);
	dev->urb->transfer_flags \|= URB_NO_TRANSFER_DMA_MAP;
	if (usb_submit_urb(dev->urb, GFP_KERNEL)) {
	retval = -EIO;
	dev_err(&interface->dev, "Could not submitting URB\n");
	goto error;
	}

	/* save our data pointer in this interface device */
	usb_set_intfdata(interface, dev);
	dev->bbu = -1;

	/* we can register the device now, as it is ready */
	retval = usb_register_dev(interface, &yurex_class);
	if (retval) {
	dev_err(&interface->dev,
	"Not able to get a minor for this device.\n");
	usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);
	goto error;
	}

	dev_info(&interface->dev,
	"USB YUREX device now attached to Yurex #%d\n",
	interface->minor);

	return 0;

	error:
	if (dev)
	/* this frees allocated memory */
	kref_put(&dev->kref, yurex_delete);
	return retval;
	}

	static void yurex_disconnect(struct usb_interface *interface)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev;
	int minor = interface->minor;

	dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
	usb_set_intfdata(interface, NULL);

	/* give back our minor */
	usb_deregister_dev(interface, &yurex_class);

	/* prevent more I/O from starting */
	usb_poison_urb(dev->urb);
	usb_poison_urb(dev->cntl_urb);
	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
	dev->disconnected = 1;
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

	/* wakeup waiters */
	kill_fasync(&dev->async_queue, SIGIO, POLL_IN);
	wake_up_interruptible(&dev->waitq);

	/* decrement our usage count */
	kref_put(&dev->kref, yurex_delete);

	dev_info(&interface->dev, "USB YUREX #%d now disconnected\n", minor);
	}

	static struct usb_driver yurex_driver = {
	.name = "yurex",
	.probe = yurex_probe,
	.disconnect = yurex_disconnect,
	.id_table = yurex_table,
	};


	static int yurex_fasync(int fd, struct file *file, int on)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev;

	dev = file->private_data;
	return fasync_helper(fd, file, on, &dev->async_queue);
	}

	static int yurex_open(struct inode inode, struct file file)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev;
	struct usb_interface *interface;
	int subminor;
	int retval = 0;

	subminor = iminor(inode);

	interface = usb_find_interface(&yurex_driver, subminor);
	if (!interface) {
	printk(KERN_ERR "%s - error, can't find device for minor %d",
	__func__, subminor);
	retval = -ENODEV;
	goto exit;
	}

	dev = usb_get_intfdata(interface);
	if (!dev) {
	retval = -ENODEV;
	goto exit;
	}

	/* increment our usage count for the device */
	kref_get(&dev->kref);

	/* save our object in the file's private structure */
	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
	file->private_data = dev;
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

	exit:
	return retval;
	}

	static int yurex_release(struct inode inode, struct file file)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev;

	dev = file->private_data;
	if (dev == NULL)
	return -ENODEV;

	/* decrement the count on our device */
	kref_put(&dev->kref, yurex_delete);
	return 0;
	}

	static ssize_t yurex_read(struct file file, char __user buffer, size_t count,
	loff_t *ppos)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev;
	int len = 0;
	char in_buffer[MAX_S64_STRLEN];
	unsigned long flags;

	dev = file->private_data;

	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
	if (dev->disconnected) { /* already disconnected */
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
	return -ENODEV;
	}

	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(dev->bbu > S64_MAX \|\| dev->bbu < S64_MIN)) {
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
	return -EIO;
	}

	spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags);
	scnprintf(in_buffer, MAX_S64_STRLEN, "%lld\n", dev->bbu);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags);
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

	return simple_read_from_buffer(buffer, count, ppos, in_buffer, len);
	}

	static ssize_t yurex_write(struct file file, const char __user user_buffer,
	size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
	{
	struct usb_yurex *dev;
	int i, set = 0, retval = 0;
	char buffer[16 + 1];
	char *data = buffer;
	unsigned long long c, c2 = 0;
	signed long timeout = 0;
	DEFINE_WAIT(wait);

	count = min(sizeof(buffer) - 1, count);
	dev = file->private_data;

	/* verify that we actually have some data to write */
	if (count == 0)
	goto error;

	mutex_lock(&dev->io_mutex);
	if (dev->disconnected) { /* already disconnected */
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
	retval = -ENODEV;
	goto error;
	}

	if (copy_from_user(buffer, user_buffer, count)) {
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
	retval = -EFAULT;
	goto error;
	}
	buffer[count] = 0;
	memset(dev->cntl_buffer, CMD_PADDING, YUREX_BUF_SIZE);

	switch (buffer[0]) {
	case CMD_ANIMATE:
	case CMD_LED:
	dev->cntl_buffer[0] = buffer[0];
	dev->cntl_buffer[1] = buffer[1];
	dev->cntl_buffer[2] = CMD_EOF;
	break;
	case CMD_READ:
	case CMD_VERSION:
	dev->cntl_buffer[0] = buffer[0];
	dev->cntl_buffer[1] = 0x00;
	dev->cntl_buffer[2] = CMD_EOF;
	break;
	case CMD_SET:
	data++;
	fallthrough;
	case '0' ... '9':
	set = 1;
	c = c2 = simple_strtoull(data, NULL, 0);
	dev->cntl_buffer[0] = CMD_SET;
	for (i = 1; i < 6; i++) {
	dev->cntl_buffer[i] = (c>>32) & 0xff;
	c <<= 8;
	}
	buffer[6] = CMD_EOF;
	break;
	default:
	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);
	return -EINVAL;
	}

	/* send the data as the control msg */
	prepare_to_wait(&dev->waitq, &wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
	dev_dbg(&dev->interface->dev, "%s - submit %c\n", __func__,
	dev->cntl_buffer[0]);
	retval = usb_submit_urb(dev->cntl_urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
	if (retval >= 0)
	timeout = schedule_timeout(YUREX_WRITE_TIMEOUT);
	finish_wait(&dev->waitq, &wait);

	/* make sure URB is idle after timeout or (spurious) CMD_ACK */
	usb_kill_urb(dev->cntl_urb);

	mutex_unlock(&dev->io_mutex);

	if (retval < 0) {
	dev_err(&dev->interface->dev,
	"%s - failed to send bulk msg, error %d\n",
	__func__, retval);
	goto error;
	}
	if (set && timeout)
	dev->bbu = c2;
	return timeout ? count : -EIO;

	error:
	return retval;
	}

	static const struct file_operations yurex_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.read = yurex_read,
	.write = yurex_write,
	.open = yurex_open,
	.release = yurex_release,
	.fasync = yurex_fasync,
	.llseek = default_llseek,
	};

	module_usb_driver(yurex_driver);

	MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");