| .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 |
| |
| ======================= |
| DAMON-based Reclamation |
| ======================= |
| |
| DAMON-based Reclamation (DAMON_RECLAIM) is a static kernel module that aimed to |
| be used for proactive and lightweight reclamation under light memory pressure. |
| It doesn't aim to replace the LRU-list based page_granularity reclamation, but |
| to be selectively used for different level of memory pressure and requirements. |
| |
| Where Proactive Reclamation is Required? |
| ======================================== |
| |
| On general memory over-committed systems, proactively reclaiming cold pages |
| helps saving memory and reducing latency spikes that incurred by the direct |
| reclaim of the process or CPU consumption of kswapd, while incurring only |
| minimal performance degradation [1]_ [2]_ . |
| |
| Free Pages Reporting [3]_ based memory over-commit virtualization systems are |
| good example of the cases. In such systems, the guest VMs reports their free |
| memory to host, and the host reallocates the reported memory to other guests. |
| As a result, the memory of the systems are fully utilized. However, the |
| guests could be not so memory-frugal, mainly because some kernel subsystems and |
| user-space applications are designed to use as much memory as available. Then, |
| guests could report only small amount of memory as free to host, results in |
| memory utilization drop of the systems. Running the proactive reclamation in |
| guests could mitigate this problem. |
| |
| How It Works? |
| ============= |
| |
| DAMON_RECLAIM finds memory regions that didn't accessed for specific time |
| duration and page out. To avoid it consuming too much CPU for the paging out |
| operation, a speed limit can be configured. Under the speed limit, it pages |
| out memory regions that didn't accessed longer time first. System |
| administrators can also configure under what situation this scheme should |
| automatically activated and deactivated with three memory pressure watermarks. |
| |
| Interface: Module Parameters |
| ============================ |
| |
| To use this feature, you should first ensure your system is running on a kernel |
| that is built with ``CONFIG_DAMON_RECLAIM=y``. |
| |
| To let sysadmins enable or disable it and tune for the given system, |
| DAMON_RECLAIM utilizes module parameters. That is, you can put |
| ``damon_reclaim.<parameter>=<value>`` on the kernel boot command line or write |
| proper values to ``/sys/modules/damon_reclaim/parameters/<parameter>`` files. |
| |
| Below are the description of each parameter. |
| |
| enabled |
| ------- |
| |
| Enable or disable DAMON_RECLAIM. |
| |
| You can enable DAMON_RCLAIM by setting the value of this parameter as ``Y``. |
| Setting it as ``N`` disables DAMON_RECLAIM. Note that DAMON_RECLAIM could do |
| no real monitoring and reclamation due to the watermarks-based activation |
| condition. Refer to below descriptions for the watermarks parameter for this. |
| |
| commit_inputs |
| ------------- |
| |
| Make DAMON_RECLAIM reads the input parameters again, except ``enabled``. |
| |
| Input parameters that updated while DAMON_RECLAIM is running are not applied |
| by default. Once this parameter is set as ``Y``, DAMON_RECLAIM reads values |
| of parametrs except ``enabled`` again. Once the re-reading is done, this |
| parameter is set as ``N``. If invalid parameters are found while the |
| re-reading, DAMON_RECLAIM will be disabled. |
| |
| min_age |
| ------- |
| |
| Time threshold for cold memory regions identification in microseconds. |
| |
| If a memory region is not accessed for this or longer time, DAMON_RECLAIM |
| identifies the region as cold, and reclaims it. |
| |
| 120 seconds by default. |
| |
| quota_ms |
| -------- |
| |
| Limit of time for the reclamation in milliseconds. |
| |
| DAMON_RECLAIM tries to use only up to this time within a time window |
| (quota_reset_interval_ms) for trying reclamation of cold pages. This can be |
| used for limiting CPU consumption of DAMON_RECLAIM. If the value is zero, the |
| limit is disabled. |
| |
| 10 ms by default. |
| |
| quota_sz |
| -------- |
| |
| Limit of size of memory for the reclamation in bytes. |
| |
| DAMON_RECLAIM charges amount of memory which it tried to reclaim within a time |
| window (quota_reset_interval_ms) and makes no more than this limit is tried. |
| This can be used for limiting consumption of CPU and IO. If this value is |
| zero, the limit is disabled. |
| |
| 128 MiB by default. |
| |
| quota_reset_interval_ms |
| ----------------------- |
| |
| The time/size quota charge reset interval in milliseconds. |
| |
| The charget reset interval for the quota of time (quota_ms) and size |
| (quota_sz). That is, DAMON_RECLAIM does not try reclamation for more than |
| quota_ms milliseconds or quota_sz bytes within quota_reset_interval_ms |
| milliseconds. |
| |
| 1 second by default. |
| |
| wmarks_interval |
| --------------- |
| |
| Minimal time to wait before checking the watermarks, when DAMON_RECLAIM is |
| enabled but inactive due to its watermarks rule. |
| |
| wmarks_high |
| ----------- |
| |
| Free memory rate (per thousand) for the high watermark. |
| |
| If free memory of the system in bytes per thousand bytes is higher than this, |
| DAMON_RECLAIM becomes inactive, so it does nothing but only periodically checks |
| the watermarks. |
| |
| wmarks_mid |
| ---------- |
| |
| Free memory rate (per thousand) for the middle watermark. |
| |
| If free memory of the system in bytes per thousand bytes is between this and |
| the low watermark, DAMON_RECLAIM becomes active, so starts the monitoring and |
| the reclaiming. |
| |
| wmarks_low |
| ---------- |
| |
| Free memory rate (per thousand) for the low watermark. |
| |
| If free memory of the system in bytes per thousand bytes is lower than this, |
| DAMON_RECLAIM becomes inactive, so it does nothing but periodically checks the |
| watermarks. In the case, the system falls back to the LRU-list based page |
| granularity reclamation logic. |
| |
| sample_interval |
| --------------- |
| |
| Sampling interval for the monitoring in microseconds. |
| |
| The sampling interval of DAMON for the cold memory monitoring. Please refer to |
| the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail. |
| |
| aggr_interval |
| ------------- |
| |
| Aggregation interval for the monitoring in microseconds. |
| |
| The aggregation interval of DAMON for the cold memory monitoring. Please |
| refer to the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail. |
| |
| min_nr_regions |
| -------------- |
| |
| Minimum number of monitoring regions. |
| |
| The minimal number of monitoring regions of DAMON for the cold memory |
| monitoring. This can be used to set lower-bound of the monitoring quality. |
| But, setting this too high could result in increased monitoring overhead. |
| Please refer to the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail. |
| |
| max_nr_regions |
| -------------- |
| |
| Maximum number of monitoring regions. |
| |
| The maximum number of monitoring regions of DAMON for the cold memory |
| monitoring. This can be used to set upper-bound of the monitoring overhead. |
| However, setting this too low could result in bad monitoring quality. Please |
| refer to the DAMON documentation (:doc:`usage`) for more detail. |
| |
| monitor_region_start |
| -------------------- |
| |
| Start of target memory region in physical address. |
| |
| The start physical address of memory region that DAMON_RECLAIM will do work |
| against. That is, DAMON_RECLAIM will find cold memory regions in this region |
| and reclaims. By default, biggest System RAM is used as the region. |
| |
| monitor_region_end |
| ------------------ |
| |
| End of target memory region in physical address. |
| |
| The end physical address of memory region that DAMON_RECLAIM will do work |
| against. That is, DAMON_RECLAIM will find cold memory regions in this region |
| and reclaims. By default, biggest System RAM is used as the region. |
| |
| kdamond_pid |
| ----------- |
| |
| PID of the DAMON thread. |
| |
| If DAMON_RECLAIM is enabled, this becomes the PID of the worker thread. Else, |
| -1. |
| |
| nr_reclaim_tried_regions |
| ------------------------ |
| |
| Number of memory regions that tried to be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM. |
| |
| bytes_reclaim_tried_regions |
| --------------------------- |
| |
| Total bytes of memory regions that tried to be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM. |
| |
| nr_reclaimed_regions |
| -------------------- |
| |
| Number of memory regions that successfully be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM. |
| |
| bytes_reclaimed_regions |
| ----------------------- |
| |
| Total bytes of memory regions that successfully be reclaimed by DAMON_RECLAIM. |
| |
| nr_quota_exceeds |
| ---------------- |
| |
| Number of times that the time/space quota limits have exceeded. |
| |
| Example |
| ======= |
| |
| Below runtime example commands make DAMON_RECLAIM to find memory regions that |
| not accessed for 30 seconds or more and pages out. The reclamation is limited |
| to be done only up to 1 GiB per second to avoid DAMON_RECLAIM consuming too |
| much CPU time for the paging out operation. It also asks DAMON_RECLAIM to do |
| nothing if the system's free memory rate is more than 50%, but start the real |
| works if it becomes lower than 40%. If DAMON_RECLAIM doesn't make progress and |
| therefore the free memory rate becomes lower than 20%, it asks DAMON_RECLAIM to |
| do nothing again, so that we can fall back to the LRU-list based page |
| granularity reclamation. :: |
| |
| # cd /sys/modules/damon_reclaim/parameters |
| # echo 30000000 > min_age |
| # echo $((1 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)) > quota_sz |
| # echo 1000 > quota_reset_interval_ms |
| # echo 500 > wmarks_high |
| # echo 400 > wmarks_mid |
| # echo 200 > wmarks_low |
| # echo Y > enabled |
| |
| .. [1] https://research.google/pubs/pub48551/ |
| .. [2] https://lwn.net/Articles/787611/ |
| .. [3] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/mm/free_page_reporting.html |
