arch/um/kernel/time.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Anton Ivanov (aivanov@{brocade.com,kot-begemot.co.uk})
 * Copyright (C) 2015 Thomas Meyer (thomas@m3y3r.de)
 * Copyright (C) 2012-2014 Cisco Systems
 * Copyright (C) 2000 - 2007 Jeff Dike (jdike@{addtoit,linux.intel}.com)
 * Copyright (C) 2019 Intel Corporation
 */

#include <linux/clockchips.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/threads.h>
#include <asm/irq.h>
#include <asm/param.h>
#include <kern_util.h>
#include <os.h>
#include <linux/time-internal.h>
#include <linux/um_timetravel.h>
#include <shared/init.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_UML_TIME_TRAVEL_SUPPORT
enum time_travel_mode time_travel_mode;
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(time_travel_mode);

static bool time_travel_start_set;
static unsigned long long time_travel_start;
static unsigned long long time_travel_time;
static LIST_HEAD(time_travel_events);
static unsigned long long time_travel_timer_interval;
static unsigned long long time_travel_next_event;
static struct time_travel_event time_travel_timer_event;
static int time_travel_ext_fd = -1;
static unsigned int time_travel_ext_waiting;
static bool time_travel_ext_prev_request_valid;
static unsigned long long time_travel_ext_prev_request;
static bool time_travel_ext_free_until_valid;
static unsigned long long time_travel_ext_free_until;

static void time_travel_set_time(unsigned long long ns)
{
	if (unlikely(ns < time_travel_time))
		panic("time-travel: time goes backwards %lld -> %lld\n",
		      time_travel_time, ns);
	time_travel_time = ns;
}

enum time_travel_message_handling {
	TTMH_IDLE,
	TTMH_POLL,
	TTMH_READ,
};

static void time_travel_handle_message(struct um_timetravel_msg *msg,
				       enum time_travel_message_handling mode)
{
	struct um_timetravel_msg resp = {
		.op = UM_TIMETRAVEL_ACK,
	};
	int ret;

	/*
	 * Poll outside the locked section (if we're not called to only read
	 * the response) so we can get interrupts for e.g. virtio while we're
	 * here, but then we need to lock to not get interrupted between the
	 * read of the message and write of the ACK.
	 */
	if (mode != TTMH_READ) {
		bool disabled = irqs_disabled();

		BUG_ON(mode == TTMH_IDLE && !disabled);

		if (disabled)
			local_irq_enable();
		while (os_poll(1, &time_travel_ext_fd) != 0) {
			/* nothing */
		}
		if (disabled)
			local_irq_disable();
	}

	ret = os_read_file(time_travel_ext_fd, msg, sizeof(*msg));

	if (ret == 0)
		panic("time-travel external link is broken\n");
	if (ret != sizeof(*msg))
		panic("invalid time-travel message - %d bytes\n", ret);

	switch (msg->op) {
	default:
		WARN_ONCE(1, "time-travel: unexpected message %lld\n",
			  (unsigned long long)msg->op);
		break;
	case UM_TIMETRAVEL_ACK:
		return;
	case UM_TIMETRAVEL_RUN:
		time_travel_set_time(msg->time);
		break;
	case UM_TIMETRAVEL_FREE_UNTIL:
		time_travel_ext_free_until_valid = true;
		time_travel_ext_free_until = msg->time;
		break;
	}

	resp.seq = msg->seq;
	os_write_file(time_travel_ext_fd, &resp, sizeof(resp));
}

static u64 time_travel_ext_req(u32 op, u64 time)
{
	static int seq;
	int mseq = ++seq;
	struct um_timetravel_msg msg = {
		.op = op,
		.time = time,
		.seq = mseq,
	};
	unsigned long flags;

	/*
	 * We need to save interrupts here and only restore when we
	 * got the ACK - otherwise we can get interrupted and send
	 * another request while we're still waiting for an ACK, but
	 * the peer doesn't know we got interrupted and will send
	 * the ACKs in the same order as the message, but we'd need
	 * to see them in the opposite order ...
	 *
	 * This wouldn't matter *too* much, but some ACKs carry the
	 * current time (for UM_TIMETRAVEL_GET) and getting another
	 * ACK without a time would confuse us a lot!
	 *
	 * The sequence number assignment that happens here lets us
	 * debug such message handling issues more easily.
	 */
	local_irq_save(flags);
	os_write_file(time_travel_ext_fd, &msg, sizeof(msg));

	while (msg.op != UM_TIMETRAVEL_ACK)
		time_travel_handle_message(&msg, TTMH_READ);

	if (msg.seq != mseq)
		panic("time-travel: ACK message has different seqno! op=%d, seq=%d != %d time=%lld\n",
		      msg.op, msg.seq, mseq, msg.time);

	if (op == UM_TIMETRAVEL_GET)
		time_travel_set_time(msg.time);
	local_irq_restore(flags);

	return msg.time;
}

void __time_travel_wait_readable(int fd)
{
	int fds[2] = { fd, time_travel_ext_fd };
	int ret;

	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_EXTERNAL)
		return;

	while ((ret = os_poll(2, fds))) {
		struct um_timetravel_msg msg;

		if (ret == 1)
			time_travel_handle_message(&msg, TTMH_READ);
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__time_travel_wait_readable);

static void time_travel_ext_update_request(unsigned long long time)
{
	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_EXTERNAL)
		return;

	/* asked for exactly this time previously */
	if (time_travel_ext_prev_request_valid &&
	    time == time_travel_ext_prev_request)
		return;

	time_travel_ext_prev_request = time;
	time_travel_ext_prev_request_valid = true;
	time_travel_ext_req(UM_TIMETRAVEL_REQUEST, time);
}

void __time_travel_propagate_time(void)
{
	time_travel_ext_req(UM_TIMETRAVEL_UPDATE, time_travel_time);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(__time_travel_propagate_time);

/* returns true if we must do a wait to the simtime device */
static bool time_travel_ext_request(unsigned long long time)
{
	/*
	 * If we received an external sync point ("free until") then we
	 * don't have to request/wait for anything until then, unless
	 * we're already waiting.
	 */
	if (!time_travel_ext_waiting && time_travel_ext_free_until_valid &&
	    time < time_travel_ext_free_until)
		return false;

	time_travel_ext_update_request(time);
	return true;
}

static void time_travel_ext_wait(bool idle)
{
	struct um_timetravel_msg msg = {
		.op = UM_TIMETRAVEL_ACK,
	};

	time_travel_ext_prev_request_valid = false;
	time_travel_ext_waiting++;

	time_travel_ext_req(UM_TIMETRAVEL_WAIT, -1);

	/*
	 * Here we are deep in the idle loop, so we have to break out of the
	 * kernel abstraction in a sense and implement this in terms of the
	 * UML system waiting on the VQ interrupt while sleeping, when we get
	 * the signal it'll call time_travel_ext_vq_notify_done() completing the
	 * call.
	 */
	while (msg.op != UM_TIMETRAVEL_RUN)
		time_travel_handle_message(&msg, idle ? TTMH_IDLE : TTMH_POLL);

	time_travel_ext_waiting--;

	/* we might request more stuff while polling - reset when we run */
	time_travel_ext_prev_request_valid = false;
}

static void time_travel_ext_get_time(void)
{
	time_travel_ext_req(UM_TIMETRAVEL_GET, -1);
}

static void __time_travel_update_time(unsigned long long ns, bool idle)
{
	if (time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_EXTERNAL && time_travel_ext_request(ns))
		time_travel_ext_wait(idle);
	else
		time_travel_set_time(ns);
}

static struct time_travel_event *time_travel_first_event(void)
{
	return list_first_entry_or_null(&time_travel_events,
					struct time_travel_event,
					list);
}

static void __time_travel_add_event(struct time_travel_event *e,
				    unsigned long long time)
{
	struct time_travel_event *tmp;
	bool inserted = false;

	if (WARN(time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_BASIC &&
		 e != &time_travel_timer_event,
		 "only timer events can be handled in basic mode"))
		return;

	if (e->pending)
		return;

	e->pending = true;
	e->time = time;

	list_for_each_entry(tmp, &time_travel_events, list) {
		/*
		 * Add the new entry before one with higher time,
		 * or if they're equal and both on stack, because
		 * in that case we need to unwind the stack in the
		 * right order, and the later event (timer sleep
		 * or such) must be dequeued first.
		 */
		if ((tmp->time > e->time) ||
		    (tmp->time == e->time && tmp->onstack && e->onstack)) {
			list_add_tail(&e->list, &tmp->list);
			inserted = true;
			break;
		}
	}

	if (!inserted)
		list_add_tail(&e->list, &time_travel_events);

	tmp = time_travel_first_event();
	time_travel_ext_update_request(tmp->time);
	time_travel_next_event = tmp->time;
}

static void time_travel_add_event(struct time_travel_event *e,
				  unsigned long long time)
{
	if (WARN_ON(!e->fn))
		return;

	__time_travel_add_event(e, time);
}

void time_travel_periodic_timer(struct time_travel_event *e)
{
	time_travel_add_event(&time_travel_timer_event,
			      time_travel_time + time_travel_timer_interval);
	deliver_alarm();
}

static void time_travel_deliver_event(struct time_travel_event *e)
{
	if (e == &time_travel_timer_event) {
		/*
		 * deliver_alarm() does the irq_enter/irq_exit
		 * by itself, so must handle it specially here
		 */
		e->fn(e);
	} else {
		unsigned long flags;

		local_irq_save(flags);
		irq_enter();
		e->fn(e);
		irq_exit();
		local_irq_restore(flags);
	}
}

static bool time_travel_del_event(struct time_travel_event *e)
{
	if (!e->pending)
		return false;
	list_del(&e->list);
	e->pending = false;
	return true;
}

static void time_travel_update_time(unsigned long long next, bool idle)
{
	struct time_travel_event ne = {
		.onstack = true,
	};
	struct time_travel_event *e;
	bool finished = idle;

	/* add it without a handler - we deal with that specifically below */
	__time_travel_add_event(&ne, next);

	do {
		e = time_travel_first_event();

		BUG_ON(!e);
		__time_travel_update_time(e->time, idle);

		/* new events may have been inserted while we were waiting */
		if (e == time_travel_first_event()) {
			BUG_ON(!time_travel_del_event(e));
			BUG_ON(time_travel_time != e->time);

			if (e == &ne) {
				finished = true;
			} else {
				if (e->onstack)
					panic("On-stack event dequeued outside of the stack! time=%lld, event time=%lld, event=%pS\n",
					      time_travel_time, e->time, e);
				time_travel_deliver_event(e);
			}
		}

		e = time_travel_first_event();
		if (e)
			time_travel_ext_update_request(e->time);
	} while (ne.pending && !finished);

	time_travel_del_event(&ne);
}

void time_travel_ndelay(unsigned long nsec)
{
	time_travel_update_time(time_travel_time + nsec, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(time_travel_ndelay);

void time_travel_add_irq_event(struct time_travel_event *e)
{
	BUG_ON(time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_EXTERNAL);

	time_travel_ext_get_time();
	/*
	 * We could model interrupt latency here, for now just
	 * don't have any latency at all and request the exact
	 * same time (again) to run the interrupt...
	 */
	time_travel_add_event(e, time_travel_time);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(time_travel_add_irq_event);

static void time_travel_oneshot_timer(struct time_travel_event *e)
{
	deliver_alarm();
}

void time_travel_sleep(unsigned long long duration)
{
	unsigned long long next = time_travel_time + duration;

	if (time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_BASIC)
		os_timer_disable();

	time_travel_update_time(next, true);

	if (time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_BASIC &&
	    time_travel_timer_event.pending) {
		if (time_travel_timer_event.fn == time_travel_periodic_timer) {
			/*
			 * This is somewhat wrong - we should get the first
			 * one sooner like the os_timer_one_shot() below...
			 */
			os_timer_set_interval(time_travel_timer_interval);
		} else {
			os_timer_one_shot(time_travel_timer_event.time - next);
		}
	}
}

static void time_travel_handle_real_alarm(void)
{
	time_travel_set_time(time_travel_next_event);

	time_travel_del_event(&time_travel_timer_event);

	if (time_travel_timer_event.fn == time_travel_periodic_timer)
		time_travel_add_event(&time_travel_timer_event,
				      time_travel_time +
				      time_travel_timer_interval);
}

static void time_travel_set_interval(unsigned long long interval)
{
	time_travel_timer_interval = interval;
}

static int time_travel_connect_external(const char *socket)
{
	const char *sep;
	unsigned long long id = (unsigned long long)-1;
	int rc;

	if ((sep = strchr(socket, ':'))) {
		char buf[25] = {};
		if (sep - socket > sizeof(buf) - 1)
			goto invalid_number;

		memcpy(buf, socket, sep - socket);
		if (kstrtoull(buf, 0, &id)) {
invalid_number:
			panic("time-travel: invalid external ID in string '%s'\n",
			      socket);
			return -EINVAL;
		}

		socket = sep + 1;
	}

	rc = os_connect_socket(socket);
	if (rc < 0) {
		panic("time-travel: failed to connect to external socket %s\n",
		      socket);
		return rc;
	}

	time_travel_ext_fd = rc;

	time_travel_ext_req(UM_TIMETRAVEL_START, id);

	return 1;
}
#else /* CONFIG_UML_TIME_TRAVEL_SUPPORT */
#define time_travel_start_set 0
#define time_travel_start 0
#define time_travel_time 0

static inline void time_travel_update_time(unsigned long long ns, bool retearly)
{
}

static inline void time_travel_handle_real_alarm(void)
{
}

static void time_travel_set_interval(unsigned long long interval)
{
}

/* fail link if this actually gets used */
extern u64 time_travel_ext_req(u32 op, u64 time);

/* these are empty macros so the struct/fn need not exist */
#define time_travel_add_event(e, time) do { } while (0)
#define time_travel_del_event(e) do { } while (0)
#endif

void timer_handler(int sig, struct siginfo *unused_si, struct uml_pt_regs *regs)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	/*
	 * In basic time-travel mode we still get real interrupts
	 * (signals) but since we don't read time from the OS, we
	 * must update the simulated time here to the expiry when
	 * we get a signal.
	 * This is not the case in inf-cpu mode, since there we
	 * never get any real signals from the OS.
	 */
	if (time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_BASIC)
		time_travel_handle_real_alarm();

	local_irq_save(flags);
	do_IRQ(TIMER_IRQ, regs);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

static int itimer_shutdown(struct clock_event_device *evt)
{
	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_OFF)
		time_travel_del_event(&time_travel_timer_event);

	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_INFCPU &&
	    time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_EXTERNAL)
		os_timer_disable();

	return 0;
}

static int itimer_set_periodic(struct clock_event_device *evt)
{
	unsigned long long interval = NSEC_PER_SEC / HZ;

	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_OFF) {
		time_travel_del_event(&time_travel_timer_event);
		time_travel_set_event_fn(&time_travel_timer_event,
					 time_travel_periodic_timer);
		time_travel_set_interval(interval);
		time_travel_add_event(&time_travel_timer_event,
				      time_travel_time + interval);
	}

	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_INFCPU &&
	    time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_EXTERNAL)
		os_timer_set_interval(interval);

	return 0;
}

static int itimer_next_event(unsigned long delta,
			     struct clock_event_device *evt)
{
	delta += 1;

	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_OFF) {
		time_travel_del_event(&time_travel_timer_event);
		time_travel_set_event_fn(&time_travel_timer_event,
					 time_travel_oneshot_timer);
		time_travel_add_event(&time_travel_timer_event,
				      time_travel_time + delta);
	}

	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_INFCPU &&
	    time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_EXTERNAL)
		return os_timer_one_shot(delta);

	return 0;
}

static int itimer_one_shot(struct clock_event_device *evt)
{
	return itimer_next_event(0, evt);
}

static struct clock_event_device timer_clockevent = {
	.name			= "posix-timer",
	.rating			= 250,
	.cpumask		= cpu_possible_mask,
	.features		= CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_PERIODIC |
				  CLOCK_EVT_FEAT_ONESHOT,
	.set_state_shutdown	= itimer_shutdown,
	.set_state_periodic	= itimer_set_periodic,
	.set_state_oneshot	= itimer_one_shot,
	.set_next_event		= itimer_next_event,
	.shift			= 0,
	.max_delta_ns		= 0xffffffff,
	.max_delta_ticks	= 0xffffffff,
	.min_delta_ns		= TIMER_MIN_DELTA,
	.min_delta_ticks	= TIMER_MIN_DELTA, // microsecond resolution should be enough for anyone, same as 640K RAM
	.irq			= 0,
	.mult			= 1,
};

static irqreturn_t um_timer(int irq, void *dev)
{
	if (get_current()->mm != NULL)
	{
        /* userspace - relay signal, results in correct userspace timers */
		os_alarm_process(get_current()->mm->context.id.u.pid);
	}

	(*timer_clockevent.event_handler)(&timer_clockevent);

	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}

static u64 timer_read(struct clocksource *cs)
{
	if (time_travel_mode != TT_MODE_OFF) {
		/*
		 * We make reading the timer cost a bit so that we don't get
		 * stuck in loops that expect time to move more than the
		 * exact requested sleep amount, e.g. python's socket server,
		 * see https://bugs.python.org/issue37026.
		 *
		 * However, don't do that when we're in interrupt or such as
		 * then we might recurse into our own processing, and get to
		 * even more waiting, and that's not good - it messes up the
		 * "what do I do next" and onstack event we use to know when
		 * to return from time_travel_update_time().
		 */
		if (!irqs_disabled() && !in_interrupt() && !in_softirq())
			time_travel_update_time(time_travel_time +
						TIMER_MULTIPLIER,
						false);
		return time_travel_time / TIMER_MULTIPLIER;
	}

	return os_nsecs() / TIMER_MULTIPLIER;
}

static struct clocksource timer_clocksource = {
	.name		= "timer",
	.rating		= 300,
	.read		= timer_read,
	.mask		= CLOCKSOURCE_MASK(64),
	.flags		= CLOCK_SOURCE_IS_CONTINUOUS,
};

static void __init um_timer_setup(void)
{
	int err;

	err = request_irq(TIMER_IRQ, um_timer, IRQF_TIMER, "hr timer", NULL);
	if (err != 0)
		printk(KERN_ERR "register_timer : request_irq failed - "
		       "errno = %d\n", -err);

	err = os_timer_create();
	if (err != 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "creation of timer failed - errno = %d\n", -err);
		return;
	}

	err = clocksource_register_hz(&timer_clocksource, NSEC_PER_SEC/TIMER_MULTIPLIER);
	if (err) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "clocksource_register_hz returned %d\n", err);
		return;
	}
	clockevents_register_device(&timer_clockevent);
}

void read_persistent_clock64(struct timespec64 *ts)
{
	long long nsecs;

	if (time_travel_start_set)
		nsecs = time_travel_start + time_travel_time;
	else if (time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_EXTERNAL)
		nsecs = time_travel_ext_req(UM_TIMETRAVEL_GET_TOD, -1);
	else
		nsecs = os_persistent_clock_emulation();

	set_normalized_timespec64(ts, nsecs / NSEC_PER_SEC,
				  nsecs % NSEC_PER_SEC);
}

void __init time_init(void)
{
	timer_set_signal_handler();
	late_time_init = um_timer_setup;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_UML_TIME_TRAVEL_SUPPORT
unsigned long calibrate_delay_is_known(void)
{
	if (time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_INFCPU ||
	    time_travel_mode == TT_MODE_EXTERNAL)
		return 1;
	return 0;
}

int setup_time_travel(char *str)
{
	if (strcmp(str, "=inf-cpu") == 0) {
		time_travel_mode = TT_MODE_INFCPU;
		timer_clockevent.name = "time-travel-timer-infcpu";
		timer_clocksource.name = "time-travel-clock";
		return 1;
	}

	if (strncmp(str, "=ext:", 5) == 0) {
		time_travel_mode = TT_MODE_EXTERNAL;
		timer_clockevent.name = "time-travel-timer-external";
		timer_clocksource.name = "time-travel-clock-external";
		return time_travel_connect_external(str + 5);
	}

	if (!*str) {
		time_travel_mode = TT_MODE_BASIC;
		timer_clockevent.name = "time-travel-timer";
		timer_clocksource.name = "time-travel-clock";
		return 1;
	}

	return -EINVAL;
}

__setup("time-travel", setup_time_travel);
__uml_help(setup_time_travel,
"time-travel\n"
"This option just enables basic time travel mode, in which the clock/timers\n"
"inside the UML instance skip forward when there's nothing to do, rather than\n"
"waiting for real time to elapse. However, instance CPU speed is limited by\n"
"the real CPU speed, so e.g. a 10ms timer will always fire after ~10ms wall\n"
"clock (but quicker when there's nothing to do).\n"
"\n"
"time-travel=inf-cpu\n"
"This enables time travel mode with infinite processing power, in which there\n"
"are no wall clock timers, and any CPU processing happens - as seen from the\n"
"guest - instantly. This can be useful for accurate simulation regardless of\n"
"debug overhead, physical CPU speed, etc. but is somewhat dangerous as it can\n"
"easily lead to getting stuck (e.g. if anything in the system busy loops).\n"
"\n"
"time-travel=ext:[ID:]/path/to/socket\n"
"This enables time travel mode similar to =inf-cpu, except the system will\n"
"use the given socket to coordinate with a central scheduler, in order to\n"
"have more than one system simultaneously be on simulated time. The virtio\n"
"driver code in UML knows about this so you can also simulate networks and\n"
"devices using it, assuming the device has the right capabilities.\n"
"The optional ID is a 64-bit integer that's sent to the central scheduler.\n");

int setup_time_travel_start(char *str)
{
	int err;

	err = kstrtoull(str, 0, &time_travel_start);
	if (err)
		return err;

	time_travel_start_set = 1;
	return 1;
}

__setup("time-travel-start", setup_time_travel_start);
__uml_help(setup_time_travel_start,
"time-travel-start=<seconds>\n"
"Configure the UML instance's wall clock to start at this value rather than\n"
"the host's wall clock at the time of UML boot.\n");
#endif