| How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode |
| ----------------------------------------------- |
| |
| Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk) |
| Date created: January 2, 2004 |
| Last modified: December 06, 2004 |
| |
| Introduction |
| ------------ |
| |
| Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up, |
| to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant |
| power savings. |
| |
| Contents |
| -------- |
| |
| * Introduction |
| * Installation |
| * Caveats |
| * The Details |
| * Tips & Tricks |
| * Control script |
| * ACPI integration |
| * Monitoring tool |
| |
| |
| Installation |
| ------------ |
| |
| To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options |
| or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and |
| laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For |
| your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at: |
| |
| http://www.xs4all.nl/~bsamwel/laptop_mode/tools/ |
| |
| To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is |
| located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in |
| /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. |
| |
| Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for |
| laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop |
| mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to |
| stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now |
| has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.) |
| |
| |
| Caveats |
| ------- |
| |
| * The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10 |
| minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI |
| scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out, |
| so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life. |
| |
| * Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown |
| cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet). |
| Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you |
| don't need to. |
| |
| * If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then |
| the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set |
| DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the |
| wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab. |
| |
| * If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then |
| the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting. |
| You must list the filesystems with their true type instead. |
| |
| * It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access |
| times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and |
| experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option |
| DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file. |
| |
| |
| The Details |
| ----------- |
| |
| Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is |
| present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any |
| configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might |
| have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The |
| result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up |
| anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written |
| immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode |
| knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush |
| is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to |
| 0 disables laptop mode. |
| |
| To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode |
| control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in |
| /proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are |
| dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also |
| changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages |
| is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for |
| ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script), |
| this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which |
| occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by |
| a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity. |
| |
| If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can |
| gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag |
| is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and |
| all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk |
| needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of |
| block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using |
| "dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes |
| kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise |
| the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not |
| normally there. |
| |
| |
| Configuration |
| ------------- |
| |
| The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on |
| Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It |
| contains the following options: |
| |
| MAX_AGE: |
| |
| Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are |
| confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this |
| amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode. |
| |
| MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES: |
| |
| Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of |
| battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes. |
| |
| AC_HD/BATT_HD: |
| |
| The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode |
| is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are |
| 20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The |
| possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the |
| "-S" option. |
| |
| HD: |
| |
| The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode. |
| Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space. |
| |
| READAHEAD: |
| |
| Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large |
| readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are |
| loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data |
| (MP3s). |
| |
| DO_REMOUNTS: |
| |
| The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems |
| with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this |
| feature is disabled. |
| |
| DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME: |
| |
| When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option? |
| Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require |
| access time recording. |
| |
| DIRTY_RATIO: |
| |
| The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data |
| before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to |
| the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl. |
| |
| DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO: |
| |
| The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data |
| after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set |
| this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio |
| sysctl. |
| |
| Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different |
| when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive, |
| dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts |
| start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts |
| are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback |
| is done when dirty_ratio is reached. |
| |
| DO_CPU: |
| |
| Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup. |
| See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.) |
| |
| CPU_MAXFREQ: |
| |
| When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal |
| values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at, |
| or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies. |
| |
| |
| Tips & Tricks |
| ------------- |
| |
| * Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top |
| of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1). |
| |
| * You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead |
| to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at |
| once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek |
| Kania.) |
| |
| * Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number |
| of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen |
| this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that |
| might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users." |
| |
| * In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the |
| file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't |
| spin down, this is a likely culprit. |
| |
| * Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd |
| (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode |
| from doing its thing. |
| |
| * If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB |
| memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though |
| that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse |
| may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling |
| filesystems on flash memory sticks.) |
| |
| |
| Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts |
| ------------------------------------------------------- |
| |
| This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external |
| configuration file |
| |
| It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as |
| /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes. |
| |
| --------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN------------------------------------------- |
| # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are |
| # confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this |
| # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. |
| #MAX_AGE=600 |
| |
| # Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery |
| # that you have left goes below this threshold. |
| MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10 |
| |
| # Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG |
| # by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk |
| # will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is |
| # playing. |
| #READAHEAD=4096 |
| |
| # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) |
| #DO_REMOUNTS=1 |
| |
| # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) |
| #DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1 |
| |
| # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process |
| # which |
| # calls write() does its own writeback |
| #DIRTY_RATIO=40 |
| |
| # |
| # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been |
| # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount |
| # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once |
| # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. |
| # |
| #DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5 |
| |
| # kernel default dirty buffer age |
| #DEF_AGE=30 |
| #DEF_UPDATE=5 |
| #DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10 |
| #DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40 |
| #DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15 |
| #DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30 |
| #DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1 |
| |
| # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel |
| # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in |
| # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still |
| # needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for |
| # external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't |
| # need to change this on 2.6. |
| #XFS_HZ=100 |
| |
| # Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery? |
| # Requires CPUFreq to be setup. |
| # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info |
| #DO_CPU=0 |
| |
| # When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should |
| # use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your |
| # CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in: |
| # /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies |
| # Only applicable if DO_CPU=1. |
| #CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest |
| |
| # Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option) |
| # Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4). |
| #AC_HD=244 |
| #BATT_HD=4 |
| |
| # The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space, |
| # e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb". |
| #HD="/dev/hda" |
| |
| # Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive? |
| #DO_HD=1 |
| |
| --------------------CONFIG FILE END--------------------------------------------- |
| |
| |
| Control script |
| -------------- |
| |
| Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks |
| to Kiko Piris). |
| |
| --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN---------------------------------------- |
| #!/bin/bash |
| |
| # start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when |
| # ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop |
| # |
| # install as /sbin/laptop_mode |
| # |
| # Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris |
| # Bart Samwel |
| # Micha Feigin |
| # Andrew Morton |
| # Herve Eychenne |
| # Dax Kelson |
| # |
| # Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe |
| |
| ############################################################################# |
| |
| # Source config |
| if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then |
| # Debian |
| . /etc/default/laptop-mode |
| elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then |
| # Others |
| . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode |
| fi |
| |
| # Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete |
| # set defaults instead: |
| |
| # Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are |
| # confortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this |
| # amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode. |
| MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'} |
| |
| # Read-ahead, in kilobytes |
| READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'} |
| |
| # Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes) |
| DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'} |
| |
| # And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes) |
| DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'} |
| |
| # Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive? |
| DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'} |
| |
| # Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive? |
| HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}" |
| |
| # spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values) |
| AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'} |
| BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'} |
| |
| # Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which |
| # calls write() does its own writeback |
| DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} |
| |
| # cpu frequency scaling |
| # See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info |
| DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'} |
| CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'} |
| |
| # |
| # Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been |
| # exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount |
| # of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once |
| # some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it. |
| # |
| DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'} |
| |
| # kernel default dirty buffer age |
| DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'} |
| DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'} |
| DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'} |
| DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'} |
| DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'} |
| DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'} |
| DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'} |
| |
| # This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel |
| # on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in |
| # centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs |
| # some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external |
| # interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to |
| # change this on 2.6. |
| XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'} |
| |
| ############################################################################# |
| |
| KLEVEL="$(uname -r | |
| { |
| IFS='.' read a b c |
| echo $a.$b |
| } |
| )" |
| case "$KLEVEL" in |
| "2.4"|"2.6") |
| ;; |
| *) |
| echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2 |
| exit 1 |
| ;; |
| esac |
| |
| if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then |
| echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2 |
| exit 1 |
| fi |
| |
| if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then |
| echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2 |
| exit 1 |
| fi |
| |
| # Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from |
| # a mount options string (the rest of the parameters). |
| parse_mount_opts () { |
| OPT="$1" |
| shift |
| echo ",$*," | sed \ |
| -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \ |
| -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ |
| -e 's/^,//' \ |
| -e 's/,$//' |
| } |
| |
| # Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from |
| # a mount option string (the rest of the parameters). |
| parse_nonumber_mount_opts () { |
| OPT="$1" |
| shift |
| echo ",$*," | sed \ |
| -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \ |
| -e 's/,,*/,/g' \ |
| -e 's/^,//' \ |
| -e 's/,$//' |
| } |
| |
| # Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in |
| # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the |
| # value of the option in another mount options string. The device |
| # is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default |
| # value the third. The remainder is the mount options string. |
| # |
| # Example: |
| # parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime |
| # |
| # If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result |
| # will be "defaults,atime". |
| parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () { |
| L_DEV="$1" |
| OPT="$2" |
| DEF_OPT="$3" |
| shift 3 |
| L_OPTS="$*" |
| PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" |
| PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)" |
| # Watch for a default atime in fstab |
| FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" |
| if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then |
| # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it |
| if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then |
| echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT" |
| else |
| # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT. |
| echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT" |
| fi |
| else |
| # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default. |
| echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT" |
| fi |
| } |
| |
| # Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in |
| # fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the |
| # value of the option in another mount options string. The device |
| # is the first argument, and the option name the second. The |
| # remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement |
| # must be done. |
| # |
| # Example: |
| # parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7 |
| # |
| # If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the |
| # result will be "rw,commit=3". |
| parse_mount_opts_wfstab () { |
| L_DEV="$1" |
| OPT="$2" |
| shift 2 |
| L_OPTS="$*" |
| PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)" |
| # Watch for a default commit in fstab |
| FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)" |
| if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then |
| # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it |
| echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=" |
| echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \ |
| -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \ |
| -e 's/,.*//' |
| else |
| # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0 |
| echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0" |
| fi |
| } |
| |
| deduce_fstype () { |
| MP="$1" |
| # My root filesystem unfortunately has |
| # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter |
| # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab. |
| cat /etc/fstab | |
| grep -v '^#' | |
| while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do |
| if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then |
| echo $FSTAB_FST |
| exit 0 |
| fi |
| done |
| } |
| |
| if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then |
| NOATIME_OPT=",noatime" |
| fi |
| |
| case "$1" in |
| start) |
| AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE)) |
| XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE)) |
| echo -n "Starting laptop_mode" |
| |
| if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then |
| # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.) |
| # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when |
| # laptop mode is enabled. |
| echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age |
| echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval |
| elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then |
| # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.) |
| # The same goes for these. |
| echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer |
| echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval |
| elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then |
| # (2.6.6) |
| # But not for these -- they are also used in normal |
| # operation. |
| echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer |
| echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval |
| elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then |
| # (2.6.7 upwards) |
| # And not for these either. These are in centisecs, |
| # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE. |
| echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs |
| echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs |
| echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs |
| fi |
| |
| case "$KLEVEL" in |
| "2.4") |
| echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode |
| echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush |
| ;; |
| "2.6") |
| echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode |
| echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs |
| echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs |
| echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio |
| echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio |
| ;; |
| esac |
| if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then |
| cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do |
| PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")" |
| if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then |
| FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) |
| fi |
| case "$FST" in |
| "ext3"|"reiserfs") |
| PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")" |
| mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT |
| ;; |
| "xfs") |
| mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT |
| ;; |
| esac |
| if [ -b $DEV ] ; then |
| blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV |
| fi |
| done |
| fi |
| if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then |
| for THISHD in $HD ; do |
| /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
| /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
| done |
| fi |
| if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then |
| if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then |
| CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq` |
| fi |
| echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq |
| fi |
| echo "." |
| ;; |
| stop) |
| U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE)) |
| B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE)) |
| echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode" |
| echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode |
| if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then |
| # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*. |
| echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer |
| echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval |
| elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then |
| # These need to be restored as well. |
| echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs |
| echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs |
| echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs |
| fi |
| case "$KLEVEL" in |
| "2.4") |
| echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush |
| ;; |
| "2.6") |
| echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs |
| echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs |
| echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio |
| echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio |
| ;; |
| esac |
| if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then |
| cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do |
| # Reset commit and atime options to defaults. |
| if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then |
| FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP) |
| fi |
| case "$FST" in |
| "ext3"|"reiserfs") |
| PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)" |
| PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)" |
| mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS |
| ;; |
| "xfs") |
| PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)" |
| mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS |
| ;; |
| esac |
| if [ -b $DEV ] ; then |
| blockdev --setra 256 $DEV |
| fi |
| done |
| fi |
| if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then |
| for THISHD in $HD ; do |
| /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
| /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1 |
| done |
| fi |
| if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then |
| echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq |
| fi |
| echo "." |
| ;; |
| *) |
| echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1 |
| exit 1 |
| ;; |
| |
| esac |
| |
| exit 0 |
| --------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------ |
| |
| |
| ACPI integration |
| ---------------- |
| |
| Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will |
| kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that |
| automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was |
| written by Jan Topinski. |
| |
| -----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------ |
| event=ac_adapter |
| action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e |
| ----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END--------------------------------- |
| |
| |
| -----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN--------------------------------- |
| event=battery.* |
| action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e |
| ----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------ |
| |
| |
| ----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN----------------------------------- |
| #!/bin/bash |
| |
| # ac on/offline event handler |
| |
| status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state` |
| |
| case $status in |
| "on-line") |
| /sbin/laptop_mode stop |
| exit 0 |
| ;; |
| "off-line") |
| /sbin/laptop_mode start |
| exit 0 |
| ;; |
| esac |
| ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END-------------------------- |
| |
| |
| ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN------------------- |
| #! /bin/bash |
| |
| # Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out. |
| |
| BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state |
| |
| if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]] |
| then |
| LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode` |
| if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]] |
| then |
| if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]] |
| then |
| # Source the config file only now that we know we need |
| if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then |
| # Debian |
| . /etc/default/laptop-mode |
| elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then |
| # Others |
| . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode |
| fi |
| MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'} |
| |
| ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`" |
| if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]] |
| then |
| PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` |
| REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" ` |
| fi |
| if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES)) |
| then |
| /sbin/laptop_mode stop |
| fi |
| else |
| logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path." |
| fi |
| fi |
| fi |
| ---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END-------------------- |
| |
| |
| Monitoring tool |
| --------------- |
| |
| Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk |
| spends spun up/down. |
| |
| ---------------------------dslm.c BEGIN----------------------------------------- |
| /* |
| * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor |
| * by Bartek Kania |
| * Licenced under the GPL |
| */ |
| #include <unistd.h> |
| #include <stdlib.h> |
| #include <stdio.h> |
| #include <fcntl.h> |
| #include <errno.h> |
| #include <time.h> |
| #include <string.h> |
| #include <signal.h> |
| #include <sys/ioctl.h> |
| #include <linux/hdreg.h> |
| |
| #ifdef DEBUG |
| #define D(x) x |
| #else |
| #define D(x) |
| #endif |
| |
| int endit = 0; |
| |
| /* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode |
| * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm. |
| * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */ |
| int check_powermode(int fd) |
| { |
| unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0}; |
| int state; |
| |
| if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args) |
| && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */ |
| && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) { |
| if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) { |
| state = -1; /* "unknown"; */ |
| } else |
| state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */ |
| } else { |
| state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0; |
| } |
| D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state)); |
| |
| return state; |
| } |
| |
| char *state_name(int i) |
| { |
| if (i == -1) return "unknown"; |
| if (i == 0) return "sleeping"; |
| if (i == 1) return "active"; |
| |
| return "internal error"; |
| } |
| |
| char *myctime(time_t time) |
| { |
| char *ts = ctime(&time); |
| ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0; |
| |
| return ts; |
| } |
| |
| void measure(int fd) |
| { |
| time_t start_time; |
| int last_state; |
| time_t last_time; |
| int curr_state; |
| time_t curr_time = 0; |
| time_t time_diff; |
| time_t active_time = 0; |
| time_t sleep_time = 0; |
| time_t unknown_time = 0; |
| time_t total_time = 0; |
| int changes = 0; |
| float tmp; |
| |
| printf("Starting measurements\n"); |
| |
| last_state = check_powermode(fd); |
| start_time = last_time = time(0); |
| printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state)); |
| |
| while(!endit) { |
| sleep(1); |
| curr_state = check_powermode(fd); |
| |
| if (curr_state != last_state || endit) { |
| changes++; |
| curr_time = time(0); |
| time_diff = curr_time - last_time; |
| |
| if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff; |
| else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff; |
| else unknown_time += time_diff; |
| |
| last_state = curr_state; |
| last_time = curr_time; |
| |
| printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time), |
| state_name(curr_state)); |
| } |
| } |
| changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */ |
| |
| total_time = time(0) - start_time; |
| printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time); |
| printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes); |
| |
| tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100; |
| printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp); |
| tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100; |
| printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp); |
| tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100; |
| printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp); |
| } |
| |
| void ender(int s) |
| { |
| endit = 1; |
| } |
| |
| void usage() |
| { |
| puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>"); |
| exit(0); |
| } |
| |
| int main(int argc, char **argv) |
| { |
| int fd; |
| char *disk = 0; |
| int settle_time = 60; |
| |
| /* Parse the simple command-line */ |
| if (argc == 2) |
| disk = argv[1]; |
| else if (argc == 4) { |
| settle_time = atoi(argv[2]); |
| disk = argv[3]; |
| } else |
| usage(); |
| |
| if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) { |
| printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno)); |
| exit(-1); |
| } |
| |
| if (settle_time) { |
| printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to " |
| "'normal'\n", settle_time); |
| sleep(settle_time); |
| } else |
| puts("Not waiting for system to settle down"); |
| |
| signal(SIGINT, ender); |
| |
| measure(fd); |
| |
| close(fd); |
| |
| return 0; |
| } |
| ---------------------------dslm.c END------------------------------------------- |