| .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GFDL-1.1-no-invariants-or-later |
| |
| .. _media-controller-intro: |
| |
| Introduction |
| ============ |
| |
| Media devices increasingly handle multiple related functions. Many USB |
| cameras include microphones, video capture hardware can also output |
| video, or SoC camera interfaces also perform memory-to-memory operations |
| similar to video codecs. |
| |
| Independent functions, even when implemented in the same hardware, can |
| be modelled as separate devices. A USB camera with a microphone will be |
| presented to userspace applications as V4L2 and ALSA capture devices. |
| The devices' relationships (when using a webcam, end-users shouldn't |
| have to manually select the associated USB microphone), while not made |
| available directly to applications by the drivers, can usually be |
| retrieved from sysfs. |
| |
| With more and more advanced SoC devices being introduced, the current |
| approach will not scale. Device topologies are getting increasingly |
| complex and can't always be represented by a tree structure. Hardware |
| blocks are shared between different functions, creating dependencies |
| between seemingly unrelated devices. |
| |
| Kernel abstraction APIs such as V4L2 and ALSA provide means for |
| applications to access hardware parameters. As newer hardware expose an |
| increasingly high number of those parameters, drivers need to guess what |
| applications really require based on limited information, thereby |
| implementing policies that belong to userspace. |
| |
| The media controller API aims at solving those problems. |
