tools/testing/selftests/bpf/prog_tests/attach_probe.c - linux - Git at Google

 // SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
 #include <test_progs.h>
 #include "test_attach_kprobe_sleepable.skel.h"
 #include "test_attach_probe_manual.skel.h"
 #include "test_attach_probe.skel.h"

 /* this is how USDT semaphore is actually defined, except volatile modifier */
 volatile unsigned short uprobe_ref_ctr __attribute__((unused)) __attribute((section(".probes")));

 /* uprobe attach point */
 static noinline void trigger_func(void)
 {
 	asm volatile ("");
 }

 /* attach point for byname uprobe */
 static noinline void trigger_func2(void)
 {
 	asm volatile ("");
 }

 /* attach point for byname sleepable uprobe */
 static noinline void trigger_func3(void)
 {
 	asm volatile ("");
 }

 /* attach point for ref_ctr */
 static noinline void trigger_func4(void)
 {
 	asm volatile ("");
 }

 static char test_data[] = "test_data";

 /* manual attach kprobe/kretprobe/uprobe/uretprobe testings */
 static void test_attach_probe_manual(enum probe_attach_mode attach_mode)
 {
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_uprobe_opts, uprobe_opts);
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_kprobe_opts, kprobe_opts);
 	struct bpf_link *kprobe_link, *kretprobe_link;
 	struct bpf_link *uprobe_link, *uretprobe_link;
 	struct test_attach_probe_manual *skel;
 	ssize_t uprobe_offset;

 	skel = test_attach_probe_manual__open_and_load();
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_kprobe_manual_open_and_load"))
 		return;

 	uprobe_offset = get_uprobe_offset(&trigger_func);
 	if (!ASSERT_GE(uprobe_offset, 0, "uprobe_offset"))
 		goto cleanup;

 	/* manual-attach kprobe/kretprobe */
 	kprobe_opts.attach_mode = attach_mode;
 	kprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
 	kprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_kprobe,
 						      SYS_NANOSLEEP_KPROBE_NAME,
 						      &kprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(kprobe_link, "attach_kprobe"))
 		goto cleanup;
 	skel->links.handle_kprobe = kprobe_link;

 	kprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
 	kretprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_kretprobe,
 							 SYS_NANOSLEEP_KPROBE_NAME,
 							 &kprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(kretprobe_link, "attach_kretprobe"))
 		goto cleanup;
 	skel->links.handle_kretprobe = kretprobe_link;

 	/* manual-attach uprobe/uretprobe */
 	uprobe_opts.attach_mode = attach_mode;
 	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = 0;
 	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
 	uprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe,
 						      0 /* self pid */,
 						      "/proc/self/exe",
 						      uprobe_offset,
 						      &uprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uprobe_link, "attach_uprobe"))
 		goto cleanup;
 	skel->links.handle_uprobe = uprobe_link;

 	uprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
 	uretprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe,
 							 -1 /* any pid */,
 							 "/proc/self/exe",
 							 uprobe_offset, &uprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uretprobe_link, "attach_uretprobe"))
 		goto cleanup;
 	skel->links.handle_uretprobe = uretprobe_link;

 	/* attach uprobe by function name manually */
 	uprobe_opts.func_name = "trigger_func2";
 	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
 	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = 0;
 	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname =
 			bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname,
 							0 /* this pid */,
 							"/proc/self/exe",
 							0, &uprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname, "attach_uprobe_byname"))
 		goto cleanup;

 	/* trigger & validate kprobe && kretprobe */
 	usleep(1);

 	/* trigger & validate uprobe & uretprobe */
 	trigger_func();

 	/* trigger & validate uprobe attached by name */
 	trigger_func2();

 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kprobe_res, 1, "check_kprobe_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kretprobe_res, 2, "check_kretprobe_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_res, 3, "check_uprobe_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_res, 4, "check_uretprobe_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname_res, 5, "check_uprobe_byname_res");

 cleanup:
 	test_attach_probe_manual__destroy(skel);
 }

 static void test_attach_probe_auto(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
 {
 	struct bpf_link *uprobe_err_link;

 	/* auto-attachable kprobe and kretprobe */
 	skel->links.handle_kprobe_auto = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_auto);
 	ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_kprobe_auto, "attach_kprobe_auto");

 	skel->links.handle_kretprobe_auto = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_kretprobe_auto);
 	ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_kretprobe_auto, "attach_kretprobe_auto");

 	/* verify auto-attach fails for old-style uprobe definition */
 	uprobe_err_link = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname);
 	if (!ASSERT_EQ(libbpf_get_error(uprobe_err_link), -EOPNOTSUPP,
 		       "auto-attach should fail for old-style name"))
 		return;

 	/* verify auto-attach works */
 	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname =
 			bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname, "attach_uretprobe_byname"))
 		return;

 	/* trigger & validate kprobe && kretprobe */
 	usleep(1);

 	/* trigger & validate uprobe attached by name */
 	trigger_func2();

 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kprobe2_res, 11, "check_kprobe_auto_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kretprobe2_res, 22, "check_kretprobe_auto_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname_res, 6, "check_uretprobe_byname_res");
 }

 static void test_uprobe_lib(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
 {
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_uprobe_opts, uprobe_opts);
 	FILE *devnull;

 	/* test attach by name for a library function, using the library
 	 * as the binary argument. libc.so.6 will be resolved via dlopen()/dlinfo().
 	 */
 	uprobe_opts.func_name = "fopen";
 	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
 	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname2 =
 			bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname2,
 							0 /* this pid */,
 							"libc.so.6",
 							0, &uprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname2, "attach_uprobe_byname2"))
 		return;

 	uprobe_opts.func_name = "fclose";
 	uprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
 	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname2 =
 			bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname2,
 							-1 /* any pid */,
 							"libc.so.6",
 							0, &uprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname2, "attach_uretprobe_byname2"))
 		return;

 	/* trigger & validate shared library u[ret]probes attached by name */
 	devnull = fopen("/dev/null", "r");
 	fclose(devnull);

 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname2_res, 7, "check_uprobe_byname2_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname2_res, 8, "check_uretprobe_byname2_res");
 }

 static void test_uprobe_ref_ctr(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
 {
 	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_uprobe_opts, uprobe_opts);
 	struct bpf_link *uprobe_link, *uretprobe_link;
 	ssize_t uprobe_offset, ref_ctr_offset;

 	uprobe_offset = get_uprobe_offset(&trigger_func4);
 	if (!ASSERT_GE(uprobe_offset, 0, "uprobe_offset_ref_ctr"))
 		return;

 	ref_ctr_offset = get_rel_offset((uintptr_t)&uprobe_ref_ctr);
 	if (!ASSERT_GE(ref_ctr_offset, 0, "ref_ctr_offset"))
 		return;

 	ASSERT_EQ(uprobe_ref_ctr, 0, "uprobe_ref_ctr_before");

 	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
 	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = ref_ctr_offset;
 	uprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_ref_ctr,
 						      0 /* self pid */,
 						      "/proc/self/exe",
 						      uprobe_offset,
 						      &uprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uprobe_link, "attach_uprobe_ref_ctr"))
 		return;
 	skel->links.handle_uprobe_ref_ctr = uprobe_link;

 	ASSERT_GT(uprobe_ref_ctr, 0, "uprobe_ref_ctr_after");

 	/* if uprobe uses ref_ctr, uretprobe has to use ref_ctr as well */
 	uprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
 	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = ref_ctr_offset;
 	uretprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_ref_ctr,
 							 -1 /* any pid */,
 							 "/proc/self/exe",
 							 uprobe_offset, &uprobe_opts);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uretprobe_link, "attach_uretprobe_ref_ctr"))
 		return;
 	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_ref_ctr = uretprobe_link;
 }

 static void test_kprobe_sleepable(void)
 {
 	struct test_attach_kprobe_sleepable *skel;

 	skel = test_attach_kprobe_sleepable__open();
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_kprobe_sleepable_open"))
 		return;

 	/* sleepable kprobe test case needs flags set before loading */
 	if (!ASSERT_OK(bpf_program__set_flags(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_sleepable,
 		BPF_F_SLEEPABLE), "kprobe_sleepable_flags"))
 		goto cleanup;

 	if (!ASSERT_OK(test_attach_kprobe_sleepable__load(skel),
 		       "skel_kprobe_sleepable_load"))
 		goto cleanup;

 	/* sleepable kprobes should not attach successfully */
 	skel->links.handle_kprobe_sleepable = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_sleepable);
 	ASSERT_ERR_PTR(skel->links.handle_kprobe_sleepable, "attach_kprobe_sleepable");

 cleanup:
 	test_attach_kprobe_sleepable__destroy(skel);
 }

 static void test_uprobe_sleepable(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
 {
 	/* test sleepable uprobe and uretprobe variants */
 	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3_sleepable = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname3_sleepable);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3_sleepable, "attach_uprobe_byname3_sleepable"))
 		return;

 	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3 = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname3);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3, "attach_uprobe_byname3"))
 		return;

 	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable, "attach_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable"))
 		return;

 	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3 = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname3);
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3, "attach_uretprobe_byname3"))
 		return;

 	skel->bss->user_ptr = test_data;

 	/* trigger & validate sleepable uprobe attached by name */
 	trigger_func3();

 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname3_sleepable_res, 9, "check_uprobe_byname3_sleepable_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res, 10, "check_uprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname3_res, 11, "check_uprobe_byname3_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname3_sleepable_res, 12, "check_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res, 13, "check_uretprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res");
 	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname3_res, 14, "check_uretprobe_byname3_res");
 }

 void test_attach_probe(void)
 {
 	struct test_attach_probe *skel;

 	skel = test_attach_probe__open();
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
 		return;

 	if (!ASSERT_OK(test_attach_probe__load(skel), "skel_load"))
 		goto cleanup;
 	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->bss, "check_bss"))
 		goto cleanup;

 	if (test__start_subtest("manual-default"))
 		test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_DEFAULT);
 	if (test__start_subtest("manual-legacy"))
 		test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_LEGACY);
 	if (test__start_subtest("manual-perf"))
 		test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_PERF);
 	if (test__start_subtest("manual-link"))
 		test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_LINK);

 	if (test__start_subtest("auto"))
 		test_attach_probe_auto(skel);
 	if (test__start_subtest("kprobe-sleepable"))
 		test_kprobe_sleepable();
 	if (test__start_subtest("uprobe-lib"))
 		test_uprobe_lib(skel);
 	if (test__start_subtest("uprobe-sleepable"))
 		test_uprobe_sleepable(skel);
 	if (test__start_subtest("uprobe-ref_ctr"))
 		test_uprobe_ref_ctr(skel);

 cleanup:
 	test_attach_probe__destroy(skel);
 	ASSERT_EQ(uprobe_ref_ctr, 0, "uprobe_ref_ctr_cleanup");
 }
	// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
	#include <test_progs.h>
	#include "test_attach_kprobe_sleepable.skel.h"
	#include "test_attach_probe_manual.skel.h"
	#include "test_attach_probe.skel.h"

	/* this is how USDT semaphore is actually defined, except volatile modifier */
	volatile unsigned short uprobe_ref_ctr __attribute__((unused)) __attribute((section(".probes")));

	/* uprobe attach point */
	static noinline void trigger_func(void)
	{
	asm volatile ("");
	}

	/* attach point for byname uprobe */
	static noinline void trigger_func2(void)
	{
	asm volatile ("");
	}

	/* attach point for byname sleepable uprobe */
	static noinline void trigger_func3(void)
	{
	asm volatile ("");
	}

	/* attach point for ref_ctr */
	static noinline void trigger_func4(void)
	{
	asm volatile ("");
	}

	static char test_data[] = "test_data";

	/* manual attach kprobe/kretprobe/uprobe/uretprobe testings */
	static void test_attach_probe_manual(enum probe_attach_mode attach_mode)
	{
	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_uprobe_opts, uprobe_opts);
	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_kprobe_opts, kprobe_opts);
	struct bpf_link kprobe_link, kretprobe_link;
	struct bpf_link uprobe_link, uretprobe_link;
	struct test_attach_probe_manual *skel;
	ssize_t uprobe_offset;

	skel = test_attach_probe_manual__open_and_load();
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_kprobe_manual_open_and_load"))
	return;

	uprobe_offset = get_uprobe_offset(&trigger_func);
	if (!ASSERT_GE(uprobe_offset, 0, "uprobe_offset"))
	goto cleanup;

	/* manual-attach kprobe/kretprobe */
	kprobe_opts.attach_mode = attach_mode;
	kprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
	kprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_kprobe,
	SYS_NANOSLEEP_KPROBE_NAME,
	&kprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(kprobe_link, "attach_kprobe"))
	goto cleanup;
	skel->links.handle_kprobe = kprobe_link;

	kprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
	kretprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_kprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_kretprobe,
	SYS_NANOSLEEP_KPROBE_NAME,
	&kprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(kretprobe_link, "attach_kretprobe"))
	goto cleanup;
	skel->links.handle_kretprobe = kretprobe_link;

	/* manual-attach uprobe/uretprobe */
	uprobe_opts.attach_mode = attach_mode;
	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = 0;
	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
	uprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe,
	0 /* self pid */,
	"/proc/self/exe",
	uprobe_offset,
	&uprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uprobe_link, "attach_uprobe"))
	goto cleanup;
	skel->links.handle_uprobe = uprobe_link;

	uprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
	uretprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe,
	-1 /* any pid */,
	"/proc/self/exe",
	uprobe_offset, &uprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uretprobe_link, "attach_uretprobe"))
	goto cleanup;
	skel->links.handle_uretprobe = uretprobe_link;

	/* attach uprobe by function name manually */
	uprobe_opts.func_name = "trigger_func2";
	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = 0;
	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname =
	bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname,
	0 /* this pid */,
	"/proc/self/exe",
	0, &uprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname, "attach_uprobe_byname"))
	goto cleanup;

	/* trigger & validate kprobe && kretprobe */
	usleep(1);

	/* trigger & validate uprobe & uretprobe */
	trigger_func();

	/* trigger & validate uprobe attached by name */
	trigger_func2();

	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kprobe_res, 1, "check_kprobe_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kretprobe_res, 2, "check_kretprobe_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_res, 3, "check_uprobe_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_res, 4, "check_uretprobe_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname_res, 5, "check_uprobe_byname_res");

	cleanup:
	test_attach_probe_manual__destroy(skel);
	}

	static void test_attach_probe_auto(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
	{
	struct bpf_link *uprobe_err_link;

	/* auto-attachable kprobe and kretprobe */
	skel->links.handle_kprobe_auto = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_auto);
	ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_kprobe_auto, "attach_kprobe_auto");

	skel->links.handle_kretprobe_auto = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_kretprobe_auto);
	ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_kretprobe_auto, "attach_kretprobe_auto");

	/* verify auto-attach fails for old-style uprobe definition */
	uprobe_err_link = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname);
	if (!ASSERT_EQ(libbpf_get_error(uprobe_err_link), -EOPNOTSUPP,
	"auto-attach should fail for old-style name"))
	return;

	/* verify auto-attach works */
	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname =
	bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname, "attach_uretprobe_byname"))
	return;

	/* trigger & validate kprobe && kretprobe */
	usleep(1);

	/* trigger & validate uprobe attached by name */
	trigger_func2();

	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kprobe2_res, 11, "check_kprobe_auto_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->kretprobe2_res, 22, "check_kretprobe_auto_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname_res, 6, "check_uretprobe_byname_res");
	}

	static void test_uprobe_lib(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
	{
	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_uprobe_opts, uprobe_opts);
	FILE *devnull;

	/* test attach by name for a library function, using the library
	* as the binary argument. libc.so.6 will be resolved via dlopen()/dlinfo().
	*/
	uprobe_opts.func_name = "fopen";
	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname2 =
	bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname2,
	0 /* this pid */,
	"libc.so.6",
	0, &uprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname2, "attach_uprobe_byname2"))
	return;

	uprobe_opts.func_name = "fclose";
	uprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname2 =
	bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname2,
	-1 /* any pid */,
	"libc.so.6",
	0, &uprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname2, "attach_uretprobe_byname2"))
	return;

	/* trigger & validate shared library u[ret]probes attached by name */
	devnull = fopen("/dev/null", "r");
	fclose(devnull);

	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname2_res, 7, "check_uprobe_byname2_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname2_res, 8, "check_uretprobe_byname2_res");
	}

	static void test_uprobe_ref_ctr(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
	{
	DECLARE_LIBBPF_OPTS(bpf_uprobe_opts, uprobe_opts);
	struct bpf_link uprobe_link, uretprobe_link;
	ssize_t uprobe_offset, ref_ctr_offset;

	uprobe_offset = get_uprobe_offset(&trigger_func4);
	if (!ASSERT_GE(uprobe_offset, 0, "uprobe_offset_ref_ctr"))
	return;

	ref_ctr_offset = get_rel_offset((uintptr_t)&uprobe_ref_ctr);
	if (!ASSERT_GE(ref_ctr_offset, 0, "ref_ctr_offset"))
	return;

	ASSERT_EQ(uprobe_ref_ctr, 0, "uprobe_ref_ctr_before");

	uprobe_opts.retprobe = false;
	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = ref_ctr_offset;
	uprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_ref_ctr,
	0 /* self pid */,
	"/proc/self/exe",
	uprobe_offset,
	&uprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uprobe_link, "attach_uprobe_ref_ctr"))
	return;
	skel->links.handle_uprobe_ref_ctr = uprobe_link;

	ASSERT_GT(uprobe_ref_ctr, 0, "uprobe_ref_ctr_after");

	/* if uprobe uses ref_ctr, uretprobe has to use ref_ctr as well */
	uprobe_opts.retprobe = true;
	uprobe_opts.ref_ctr_offset = ref_ctr_offset;
	uretprobe_link = bpf_program__attach_uprobe_opts(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_ref_ctr,
	-1 /* any pid */,
	"/proc/self/exe",
	uprobe_offset, &uprobe_opts);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(uretprobe_link, "attach_uretprobe_ref_ctr"))
	return;
	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_ref_ctr = uretprobe_link;
	}

	static void test_kprobe_sleepable(void)
	{
	struct test_attach_kprobe_sleepable *skel;

	skel = test_attach_kprobe_sleepable__open();
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_kprobe_sleepable_open"))
	return;

	/* sleepable kprobe test case needs flags set before loading */
	if (!ASSERT_OK(bpf_program__set_flags(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_sleepable,
	BPF_F_SLEEPABLE), "kprobe_sleepable_flags"))
	goto cleanup;

	if (!ASSERT_OK(test_attach_kprobe_sleepable__load(skel),
	"skel_kprobe_sleepable_load"))
	goto cleanup;

	/* sleepable kprobes should not attach successfully */
	skel->links.handle_kprobe_sleepable = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_kprobe_sleepable);
	ASSERT_ERR_PTR(skel->links.handle_kprobe_sleepable, "attach_kprobe_sleepable");

	cleanup:
	test_attach_kprobe_sleepable__destroy(skel);
	}

	static void test_uprobe_sleepable(struct test_attach_probe *skel)
	{
	/* test sleepable uprobe and uretprobe variants */
	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3_sleepable = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname3_sleepable);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3_sleepable, "attach_uprobe_byname3_sleepable"))
	return;

	skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3 = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uprobe_byname3);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uprobe_byname3, "attach_uprobe_byname3"))
	return;

	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable, "attach_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable"))
	return;

	skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3 = bpf_program__attach(skel->progs.handle_uretprobe_byname3);
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->links.handle_uretprobe_byname3, "attach_uretprobe_byname3"))
	return;

	skel->bss->user_ptr = test_data;

	/* trigger & validate sleepable uprobe attached by name */
	trigger_func3();

	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname3_sleepable_res, 9, "check_uprobe_byname3_sleepable_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res, 10, "check_uprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uprobe_byname3_res, 11, "check_uprobe_byname3_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname3_sleepable_res, 12, "check_uretprobe_byname3_sleepable_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res, 13, "check_uretprobe_byname3_str_sleepable_res");
	ASSERT_EQ(skel->bss->uretprobe_byname3_res, 14, "check_uretprobe_byname3_res");
	}

	void test_attach_probe(void)
	{
	struct test_attach_probe *skel;

	skel = test_attach_probe__open();
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel, "skel_open"))
	return;

	if (!ASSERT_OK(test_attach_probe__load(skel), "skel_load"))
	goto cleanup;
	if (!ASSERT_OK_PTR(skel->bss, "check_bss"))
	goto cleanup;

	if (test__start_subtest("manual-default"))
	test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_DEFAULT);
	if (test__start_subtest("manual-legacy"))
	test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_LEGACY);
	if (test__start_subtest("manual-perf"))
	test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_PERF);
	if (test__start_subtest("manual-link"))
	test_attach_probe_manual(PROBE_ATTACH_MODE_LINK);

	if (test__start_subtest("auto"))
	test_attach_probe_auto(skel);
	if (test__start_subtest("kprobe-sleepable"))
	test_kprobe_sleepable();
	if (test__start_subtest("uprobe-lib"))
	test_uprobe_lib(skel);
	if (test__start_subtest("uprobe-sleepable"))
	test_uprobe_sleepable(skel);
	if (test__start_subtest("uprobe-ref_ctr"))
	test_uprobe_ref_ctr(skel);

	cleanup:
	test_attach_probe__destroy(skel);
	ASSERT_EQ(uprobe_ref_ctr, 0, "uprobe_ref_ctr_cleanup");
	}