| # SPDX-License-Identifier: (GPL-2.0-only OR BSD-2-Clause) |
| %YAML 1.2 |
| --- |
| $id: http://devicetree.org/schemas/arm/idle-states.yaml# |
| $schema: http://devicetree.org/meta-schemas/core.yaml# |
| |
| title: ARM idle states binding description |
| |
| maintainers: |
| - Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com> |
| |
| description: |+ |
| ========================================== |
| 1 - Introduction |
| ========================================== |
| |
| ARM systems contain HW capable of managing power consumption dynamically, |
| where cores can be put in different low-power states (ranging from simple wfi |
| to power gating) according to OS PM policies. The CPU states representing the |
| range of dynamic idle states that a processor can enter at run-time, can be |
| specified through device tree bindings representing the parameters required to |
| enter/exit specific idle states on a given processor. |
| |
| According to the Server Base System Architecture document (SBSA, [3]), the |
| power states an ARM CPU can be put into are identified by the following list: |
| |
| - Running |
| - Idle_standby |
| - Idle_retention |
| - Sleep |
| - Off |
| |
| The power states described in the SBSA document define the basic CPU states on |
| top of which ARM platforms implement power management schemes that allow an OS |
| PM implementation to put the processor in different idle states (which include |
| states listed above; "off" state is not an idle state since it does not have |
| wake-up capabilities, hence it is not considered in this document). |
| |
| Idle state parameters (e.g. entry latency) are platform specific and need to |
| be characterized with bindings that provide the required information to OS PM |
| code so that it can build the required tables and use them at runtime. |
| |
| The device tree binding definition for ARM idle states is the subject of this |
| document. |
| |
| =========================================== |
| 2 - idle-states definitions |
| =========================================== |
| |
| Idle states are characterized for a specific system through a set of |
| timing and energy related properties, that underline the HW behaviour |
| triggered upon idle states entry and exit. |
| |
| The following diagram depicts the CPU execution phases and related timing |
| properties required to enter and exit an idle state: |
| |
| ..__[EXEC]__|__[PREP]__|__[ENTRY]__|__[IDLE]__|__[EXIT]__|__[EXEC]__.. |
| | | | | | |
| |
| |<------ entry ------->| |
| | latency | |
| |<- exit ->| |
| | latency | |
| |<-------- min-residency -------->| |
| |<------- wakeup-latency ------->| |
| |
| Diagram 1: CPU idle state execution phases |
| |
| EXEC: Normal CPU execution. |
| |
| PREP: Preparation phase before committing the hardware to idle mode |
| like cache flushing. This is abortable on pending wake-up |
| event conditions. The abort latency is assumed to be negligible |
| (i.e. less than the ENTRY + EXIT duration). If aborted, CPU |
| goes back to EXEC. This phase is optional. If not abortable, |
| this should be included in the ENTRY phase instead. |
| |
| ENTRY: The hardware is committed to idle mode. This period must run |
| to completion up to IDLE before anything else can happen. |
| |
| IDLE: This is the actual energy-saving idle period. This may last |
| between 0 and infinite time, until a wake-up event occurs. |
| |
| EXIT: Period during which the CPU is brought back to operational |
| mode (EXEC). |
| |
| entry-latency: Worst case latency required to enter the idle state. The |
| exit-latency may be guaranteed only after entry-latency has passed. |
| |
| min-residency: Minimum period, including preparation and entry, for a given |
| idle state to be worthwhile energywise. |
| |
| wakeup-latency: Maximum delay between the signaling of a wake-up event and the |
| CPU being able to execute normal code again. If not specified, this is assumed |
| to be entry-latency + exit-latency. |
| |
| These timing parameters can be used by an OS in different circumstances. |
| |
| An idle CPU requires the expected min-residency time to select the most |
| appropriate idle state based on the expected expiry time of the next IRQ |
| (i.e. wake-up) that causes the CPU to return to the EXEC phase. |
| |
| An operating system scheduler may need to compute the shortest wake-up delay |
| for CPUs in the system by detecting how long will it take to get a CPU out |
| of an idle state, e.g.: |
| |
| wakeup-delay = exit-latency + max(entry-latency - (now - entry-timestamp), 0) |
| |
| In other words, the scheduler can make its scheduling decision by selecting |
| (e.g. waking-up) the CPU with the shortest wake-up delay. |
| The wake-up delay must take into account the entry latency if that period |
| has not expired. The abortable nature of the PREP period can be ignored |
| if it cannot be relied upon (e.g. the PREP deadline may occur much sooner than |
| the worst case since it depends on the CPU operating conditions, i.e. caches |
| state). |
| |
| An OS has to reliably probe the wakeup-latency since some devices can enforce |
| latency constraint guarantees to work properly, so the OS has to detect the |
| worst case wake-up latency it can incur if a CPU is allowed to enter an |
| idle state, and possibly to prevent that to guarantee reliable device |
| functioning. |
| |
| The min-residency time parameter deserves further explanation since it is |
| expressed in time units but must factor in energy consumption coefficients. |
| |
| The energy consumption of a cpu when it enters a power state can be roughly |
| characterised by the following graph: |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| e | |
| n | /--- |
| e | /------ |
| r | /------ |
| g | /----- |
| y | /------ |
| | ---- |
| | /| |
| | / | |
| | / | |
| | / | |
| | / | |
| | / | |
| |/ | |
| -----|-------+---------------------------------- |
| 0| 1 time(ms) |
| |
| Graph 1: Energy vs time example |
| |
| The graph is split in two parts delimited by time 1ms on the X-axis. |
| The graph curve with X-axis values = { x | 0 < x < 1ms } has a steep slope |
| and denotes the energy costs incurred while entering and leaving the idle |
| state. |
| The graph curve in the area delimited by X-axis values = {x | x > 1ms } has |
| shallower slope and essentially represents the energy consumption of the idle |
| state. |
| |
| min-residency is defined for a given idle state as the minimum expected |
| residency time for a state (inclusive of preparation and entry) after |
| which choosing that state become the most energy efficient option. A good |
| way to visualise this, is by taking the same graph above and comparing some |
| states energy consumptions plots. |
| |
| For sake of simplicity, let's consider a system with two idle states IDLE1, |
| and IDLE2: |
| |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | /-- IDLE1 |
| e | /--- |
| n | /---- |
| e | /--- |
| r | /-----/--------- IDLE2 |
| g | /-------/--------- |
| y | ------------ /---| |
| | / /---- | |
| | / /--- | |
| | / /---- | |
| | / /--- | |
| | --- | |
| | / | |
| | / | |
| |/ | time |
| ---/----------------------------+------------------------ |
| |IDLE1-energy < IDLE2-energy | IDLE2-energy < IDLE1-energy |
| | |
| IDLE2-min-residency |
| |
| Graph 2: idle states min-residency example |
| |
| In graph 2 above, that takes into account idle states entry/exit energy |
| costs, it is clear that if the idle state residency time (i.e. time till next |
| wake-up IRQ) is less than IDLE2-min-residency, IDLE1 is the better idle state |
| choice energywise. |
| |
| This is mainly down to the fact that IDLE1 entry/exit energy costs are lower |
| than IDLE2. |
| |
| However, the lower power consumption (i.e. shallower energy curve slope) of |
| idle state IDLE2 implies that after a suitable time, IDLE2 becomes more energy |
| efficient. |
| |
| The time at which IDLE2 becomes more energy efficient than IDLE1 (and other |
| shallower states in a system with multiple idle states) is defined |
| IDLE2-min-residency and corresponds to the time when energy consumption of |
| IDLE1 and IDLE2 states breaks even. |
| |
| The definitions provided in this section underpin the idle states |
| properties specification that is the subject of the following sections. |
| |
| =========================================== |
| 3 - idle-states node |
| =========================================== |
| |
| ARM processor idle states are defined within the idle-states node, which is |
| a direct child of the cpus node [1] and provides a container where the |
| processor idle states, defined as device tree nodes, are listed. |
| |
| On ARM systems, it is a container of processor idle states nodes. If the |
| system does not provide CPU power management capabilities, or the processor |
| just supports idle_standby, an idle-states node is not required. |
| |
| =========================================== |
| 4 - References |
| =========================================== |
| |
| [1] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - CPUs bindings |
| Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml |
| |
| [2] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - PSCI bindings |
| Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/psci.yaml |
| |
| [3] ARM Server Base System Architecture (SBSA) |
| http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp |
| |
| [4] ARM Architecture Reference Manuals |
| http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp |
| |
| [6] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - Booting AArch64 Linux |
| Documentation/arm64/booting.rst |
| |
| properties: |
| $nodename: |
| const: idle-states |
| |
| entry-method: |
| description: | |
| Usage and definition depend on ARM architecture version. |
| |
| On ARM v8 64-bit this property is required. |
| On ARM 32-bit systems this property is optional |
| |
| This assumes that the "enable-method" property is set to "psci" in the cpu |
| node[6] that is responsible for setting up CPU idle management in the OS |
| implementation. |
| const: psci |
| |
| patternProperties: |
| "^(cpu|cluster)-": |
| type: object |
| description: | |
| Each state node represents an idle state description and must be defined |
| as follows. |
| |
| The idle state entered by executing the wfi instruction (idle_standby |
| SBSA,[3][4]) is considered standard on all ARM platforms and therefore |
| must not be listed. |
| |
| In addition to the properties listed above, a state node may require |
| additional properties specific to the entry-method defined in the |
| idle-states node. Please refer to the entry-method bindings |
| documentation for properties definitions. |
| |
| properties: |
| compatible: |
| const: arm,idle-state |
| |
| local-timer-stop: |
| description: |
| If present the CPU local timer control logic is |
| lost on state entry, otherwise it is retained. |
| type: boolean |
| |
| entry-latency-us: |
| description: |
| Worst case latency in microseconds required to enter the idle state. |
| |
| exit-latency-us: |
| description: |
| Worst case latency in microseconds required to exit the idle state. |
| The exit-latency-us duration may be guaranteed only after |
| entry-latency-us has passed. |
| |
| min-residency-us: |
| description: |
| Minimum residency duration in microseconds, inclusive of preparation |
| and entry, for this idle state to be considered worthwhile energy wise |
| (refer to section 2 of this document for a complete description). |
| |
| wakeup-latency-us: |
| description: | |
| Maximum delay between the signaling of a wake-up event and the CPU |
| being able to execute normal code again. If omitted, this is assumed |
| to be equal to: |
| |
| entry-latency-us + exit-latency-us |
| |
| It is important to supply this value on systems where the duration of |
| PREP phase (see diagram 1, section 2) is non-neglibigle. In such |
| systems entry-latency-us + exit-latency-us will exceed |
| wakeup-latency-us by this duration. |
| |
| idle-state-name: |
| $ref: /schemas/types.yaml#definitions/string |
| description: |
| A string used as a descriptive name for the idle state. |
| |
| required: |
| - compatible |
| - entry-latency-us |
| - exit-latency-us |
| - min-residency-us |
| |
| additionalProperties: false |
| |
| examples: |
| - | |
| |
| cpus { |
| #size-cells = <0>; |
| #address-cells = <2>; |
| |
| cpu@0 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x0>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@1 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x1>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x100>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@101 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x101>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@10000 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x10000>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@10001 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x10001>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@10100 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x10100>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@10101 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a57"; |
| reg = <0x0 0x10101>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_0_0 &CPU_SLEEP_0_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100000000 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x0>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100000001 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x1>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100000100 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x100>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100000101 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x101>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100010000 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x10000>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100010001 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x10001>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100010100 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x10100>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100010101 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a53"; |
| reg = <0x1 0x10101>; |
| enable-method = "psci"; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_RETENTION_1_0 &CPU_SLEEP_1_0 |
| &CLUSTER_RETENTION_1 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| idle-states { |
| entry-method = "psci"; |
| |
| CPU_RETENTION_0_0: cpu-retention-0-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <20>; |
| exit-latency-us = <40>; |
| min-residency-us = <80>; |
| }; |
| |
| CLUSTER_RETENTION_0: cluster-retention-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <50>; |
| exit-latency-us = <100>; |
| min-residency-us = <250>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <130>; |
| }; |
| |
| CPU_SLEEP_0_0: cpu-sleep-0-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <250>; |
| exit-latency-us = <500>; |
| min-residency-us = <950>; |
| }; |
| |
| CLUSTER_SLEEP_0: cluster-sleep-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <600>; |
| exit-latency-us = <1100>; |
| min-residency-us = <2700>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <1500>; |
| }; |
| |
| CPU_RETENTION_1_0: cpu-retention-1-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <20>; |
| exit-latency-us = <40>; |
| min-residency-us = <90>; |
| }; |
| |
| CLUSTER_RETENTION_1: cluster-retention-1 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <50>; |
| exit-latency-us = <100>; |
| min-residency-us = <270>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <100>; |
| }; |
| |
| CPU_SLEEP_1_0: cpu-sleep-1-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <70>; |
| exit-latency-us = <100>; |
| min-residency-us = <300>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <150>; |
| }; |
| |
| CLUSTER_SLEEP_1: cluster-sleep-1 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>; |
| entry-latency-us = <500>; |
| exit-latency-us = <1200>; |
| min-residency-us = <3500>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <1300>; |
| }; |
| }; |
| }; |
| |
| - | |
| // Example 2 (ARM 32-bit, 8-cpu system, two clusters): |
| |
| cpus { |
| #size-cells = <0>; |
| #address-cells = <1>; |
| |
| cpu@0 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a15"; |
| reg = <0x0>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_0_0 &cluster_sleep_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@1 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a15"; |
| reg = <0x1>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_0_0 &cluster_sleep_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@2 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a15"; |
| reg = <0x2>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_0_0 &cluster_sleep_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@3 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a15"; |
| reg = <0x3>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_0_0 &cluster_sleep_0>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@100 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a7"; |
| reg = <0x100>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_1_0 &cluster_sleep_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@101 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a7"; |
| reg = <0x101>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_1_0 &cluster_sleep_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@102 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a7"; |
| reg = <0x102>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_1_0 &cluster_sleep_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu@103 { |
| device_type = "cpu"; |
| compatible = "arm,cortex-a7"; |
| reg = <0x103>; |
| cpu-idle-states = <&cpu_sleep_1_0 &cluster_sleep_1>; |
| }; |
| |
| idle-states { |
| cpu_sleep_0_0: cpu-sleep-0-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| entry-latency-us = <200>; |
| exit-latency-us = <100>; |
| min-residency-us = <400>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <250>; |
| }; |
| |
| cluster_sleep_0: cluster-sleep-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| entry-latency-us = <500>; |
| exit-latency-us = <1500>; |
| min-residency-us = <2500>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <1700>; |
| }; |
| |
| cpu_sleep_1_0: cpu-sleep-1-0 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| entry-latency-us = <300>; |
| exit-latency-us = <500>; |
| min-residency-us = <900>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <600>; |
| }; |
| |
| cluster_sleep_1: cluster-sleep-1 { |
| compatible = "arm,idle-state"; |
| local-timer-stop; |
| entry-latency-us = <800>; |
| exit-latency-us = <2000>; |
| min-residency-us = <6500>; |
| wakeup-latency-us = <2300>; |
| }; |
| }; |
| }; |
| |
| ... |
