Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpu-capacity.txt - linux - Git at Google

 ==========================================
 ARM CPUs capacity bindings
 ==========================================

 ==========================================
 1 - Introduction
 ==========================================

 ARM systems may be configured to have cpus with different power/performance
 characteristics within the same chip. In this case, additional information has
 to be made available to the kernel for it to be aware of such differences and
 take decisions accordingly.

 ==========================================
 2 - CPU capacity definition
 ==========================================

 CPU capacity is a number that provides the scheduler information about CPUs
 heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity can come from micro-architectural differences
 (e.g., ARM big.LITTLE systems) or maximum frequency at which CPUs can run
 (e.g., SMP systems with multiple frequency domains). Heterogeneity in this
 context is about differing performance characteristics; this binding tries to
 capture a first-order approximation of the relative performance of CPUs.

 CPU capacities are obtained by running a suitable benchmark. This binding makes
 no guarantees on the validity or suitability of any particular benchmark, the
 final capacity should, however, be:

 * A "single-threaded" or CPU affine benchmark
 * Divided by the running frequency of the CPU executing the benchmark
 * Not subject to dynamic frequency scaling of the CPU

 For the time being we however advise usage of the Dhrystone benchmark. What
 above thus becomes:

 CPU capacities are obtained by running the Dhrystone benchmark on each CPU at
 max frequency (with caches enabled). The obtained DMIPS score is then divided
 by the frequency (in MHz) at which the benchmark has been run, so that
 DMIPS/MHz are obtained.  Such values are then normalized w.r.t. the highest
 score obtained in the system.

 ==========================================
 3 - capacity-dmips-mhz
 ==========================================

 capacity-dmips-mhz is an optional cpu node [1] property: u32 value
 representing CPU capacity expressed in normalized DMIPS/MHz. At boot time, the
 maximum frequency available to the cpu is then used to calculate the capacity
 value internally used by the kernel.

 capacity-dmips-mhz property is all-or-nothing: if it is specified for a cpu
 node, it has to be specified for every other cpu nodes, or the system will
 fall back to the default capacity value for every CPU. If cpufreq is not
 available, final capacities are calculated by directly using capacity-dmips-
 mhz values (normalized w.r.t. the highest value found while parsing the DT).

 ===========================================
 4 - Examples
 ===========================================

 Example 1 (ARM 64-bit, 6-cpu system, two clusters):
 The capacities-dmips-mhz or DMIPS/MHz values (scaled to 1024)
 are 1024 and 578 for cluster0 and cluster1. Further normalization
 is done by the operating system based on cluster0@max-freq=1100 and
 custer1@max-freq=850, final capacities are 1024 for cluster0 and
 446 for cluster1 (576*850/1100).

 cpus {
 	#address-cells = <2>;
 	#size-cells = <0>;

 	cpu-map {
 		cluster0 {
 			core0 {
 				cpu = <&A57_0>;
 			};
 			core1 {
 				cpu = <&A57_1>;
 			};
 		};

 		cluster1 {
 			core0 {
 				cpu = <&A53_0>;
 			};
 			core1 {
 				cpu = <&A53_1>;
 			};
 			core2 {
 				cpu = <&A53_2>;
 			};
 			core3 {
 				cpu = <&A53_3>;
 			};
 		};
 	};

 	idle-states {
 		entry-method = "psci";

 		CPU_SLEEP_0: cpu-sleep-0 {
 			compatible = "arm,idle-state";
 			arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>;
 			local-timer-stop;
 			entry-latency-us = <100>;
 			exit-latency-us = <250>;
 			min-residency-us = <150>;
 		};

 		CLUSTER_SLEEP_0: cluster-sleep-0 {
 			compatible = "arm,idle-state";
 			arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>;
 			local-timer-stop;
 			entry-latency-us = <800>;
 			exit-latency-us = <700>;
 			min-residency-us = <2500>;
 		};
 	};

 	A57_0: cpu@0 {
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
 		reg = <0x0 0x0>;
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		enable-method = "psci";
 		next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
 		clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
 		cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
 	};

 	A57_1: cpu@1 {
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
 		reg = <0x0 0x1>;
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		enable-method = "psci";
 		next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
 		clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
 		cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
 	};

 	A53_0: cpu@100 {
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
 		reg = <0x0 0x100>;
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		enable-method = "psci";
 		next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
 		clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
 		cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
 	};

 	A53_1: cpu@101 {
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
 		reg = <0x0 0x101>;
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		enable-method = "psci";
 		next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
 		clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
 		cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
 	};

 	A53_2: cpu@102 {
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
 		reg = <0x0 0x102>;
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		enable-method = "psci";
 		next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
 		clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
 		cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
 	};

 	A53_3: cpu@103 {
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
 		reg = <0x0 0x103>;
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		enable-method = "psci";
 		next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
 		clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
 		cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
 	};

 	A57_L2: l2-cache0 {
 		compatible = "cache";
 	};

 	A53_L2: l2-cache1 {
 		compatible = "cache";
 	};
 };

 Example 2 (ARM 32-bit, 4-cpu system, two clusters,
 	   cpus 0,1@1GHz, cpus 2,3@500MHz):
 capacities-dmips-mhz are scaled w.r.t. 2 (cpu@0 and cpu@1), this means that first
 cpu@0 and cpu@1 are twice fast than cpu@2 and cpu@3 (at the same frequency)

 cpus {
 	#address-cells = <1>;
 	#size-cells = <0>;

 	cpu0: cpu@0 {
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
 		reg = <0>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
 	};

 	cpu1: cpu@1 {
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
 		reg = <1>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
 	};

 	cpu2: cpu@2 {
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
 		reg = <0x100>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
 	};

 	cpu3: cpu@3 {
 		device_type = "cpu";
 		compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
 		reg = <0x101>;
 		capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
 	};
 };

 ===========================================
 5 - References
 ===========================================

 [1] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - CPUs bindings
     Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml
	==========================================
	ARM CPUs capacity bindings
	==========================================

	==========================================
	1 - Introduction
	==========================================

	ARM systems may be configured to have cpus with different power/performance
	characteristics within the same chip. In this case, additional information has
	to be made available to the kernel for it to be aware of such differences and
	take decisions accordingly.

	==========================================
	2 - CPU capacity definition
	==========================================

	CPU capacity is a number that provides the scheduler information about CPUs
	heterogeneity. Such heterogeneity can come from micro-architectural differences
	(e.g., ARM big.LITTLE systems) or maximum frequency at which CPUs can run
	(e.g., SMP systems with multiple frequency domains). Heterogeneity in this
	context is about differing performance characteristics; this binding tries to
	capture a first-order approximation of the relative performance of CPUs.

	CPU capacities are obtained by running a suitable benchmark. This binding makes
	no guarantees on the validity or suitability of any particular benchmark, the
	final capacity should, however, be:

	* A "single-threaded" or CPU affine benchmark
	* Divided by the running frequency of the CPU executing the benchmark
	* Not subject to dynamic frequency scaling of the CPU

	For the time being we however advise usage of the Dhrystone benchmark. What
	above thus becomes:

	CPU capacities are obtained by running the Dhrystone benchmark on each CPU at
	max frequency (with caches enabled). The obtained DMIPS score is then divided
	by the frequency (in MHz) at which the benchmark has been run, so that
	DMIPS/MHz are obtained. Such values are then normalized w.r.t. the highest
	score obtained in the system.

	==========================================
	3 - capacity-dmips-mhz
	==========================================

	capacity-dmips-mhz is an optional cpu node [1] property: u32 value
	representing CPU capacity expressed in normalized DMIPS/MHz. At boot time, the
	maximum frequency available to the cpu is then used to calculate the capacity
	value internally used by the kernel.

	capacity-dmips-mhz property is all-or-nothing: if it is specified for a cpu
	node, it has to be specified for every other cpu nodes, or the system will
	fall back to the default capacity value for every CPU. If cpufreq is not
	available, final capacities are calculated by directly using capacity-dmips-
	mhz values (normalized w.r.t. the highest value found while parsing the DT).

	===========================================
	4 - Examples
	===========================================

	Example 1 (ARM 64-bit, 6-cpu system, two clusters):
	The capacities-dmips-mhz or DMIPS/MHz values (scaled to 1024)
	are 1024 and 578 for cluster0 and cluster1. Further normalization
	is done by the operating system based on cluster0@max-freq=1100 and
	custer1@max-freq=850, final capacities are 1024 for cluster0 and
	446 for cluster1 (576*850/1100).

	cpus {
	#address-cells = <2>;
	#size-cells = <0>;

	cpu-map {
	cluster0 {
	core0 {
	cpu = <&A57_0>;
	};
	core1 {
	cpu = <&A57_1>;
	};
	};

	cluster1 {
	core0 {
	cpu = <&A53_0>;
	};
	core1 {
	cpu = <&A53_1>;
	};
	core2 {
	cpu = <&A53_2>;
	};
	core3 {
	cpu = <&A53_3>;
	};
	};
	};

	idle-states {
	entry-method = "psci";

	CPU_SLEEP_0: cpu-sleep-0 {
	compatible = "arm,idle-state";
	arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x0010000>;
	local-timer-stop;
	entry-latency-us = <100>;
	exit-latency-us = <250>;
	min-residency-us = <150>;
	};

	CLUSTER_SLEEP_0: cluster-sleep-0 {
	compatible = "arm,idle-state";
	arm,psci-suspend-param = <0x1010000>;
	local-timer-stop;
	entry-latency-us = <800>;
	exit-latency-us = <700>;
	min-residency-us = <2500>;
	};
	};

	A57_0: cpu@0 {
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
	reg = <0x0 0x0>;
	device_type = "cpu";
	enable-method = "psci";
	next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
	clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
	cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
	};

	A57_1: cpu@1 {
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a57","arm,armv8";
	reg = <0x0 0x1>;
	device_type = "cpu";
	enable-method = "psci";
	next-level-cache = <&A57_L2>;
	clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 0>;
	cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <1024>;
	};

	A53_0: cpu@100 {
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
	reg = <0x0 0x100>;
	device_type = "cpu";
	enable-method = "psci";
	next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
	clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
	cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
	};

	A53_1: cpu@101 {
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
	reg = <0x0 0x101>;
	device_type = "cpu";
	enable-method = "psci";
	next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
	clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
	cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
	};

	A53_2: cpu@102 {
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
	reg = <0x0 0x102>;
	device_type = "cpu";
	enable-method = "psci";
	next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
	clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
	cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
	};

	A53_3: cpu@103 {
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a53","arm,armv8";
	reg = <0x0 0x103>;
	device_type = "cpu";
	enable-method = "psci";
	next-level-cache = <&A53_L2>;
	clocks = <&scpi_dvfs 1>;
	cpu-idle-states = <&CPU_SLEEP_0 &CLUSTER_SLEEP_0>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <578>;
	};

	A57_L2: l2-cache0 {
	compatible = "cache";
	};

	A53_L2: l2-cache1 {
	compatible = "cache";
	};
	};

	Example 2 (ARM 32-bit, 4-cpu system, two clusters,
	cpus 0,1@1GHz, cpus 2,3@500MHz):
	capacities-dmips-mhz are scaled w.r.t. 2 (cpu@0 and cpu@1), this means that first
	cpu@0 and cpu@1 are twice fast than cpu@2 and cpu@3 (at the same frequency)

	cpus {
	#address-cells = <1>;
	#size-cells = <0>;

	cpu0: cpu@0 {
	device_type = "cpu";
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
	reg = <0>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
	};

	cpu1: cpu@1 {
	device_type = "cpu";
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
	reg = <1>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <2>;
	};

	cpu2: cpu@2 {
	device_type = "cpu";
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
	reg = <0x100>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
	};

	cpu3: cpu@3 {
	device_type = "cpu";
	compatible = "arm,cortex-a15";
	reg = <0x101>;
	capacity-dmips-mhz = <1>;
	};
	};

	===========================================
	5 - References
	===========================================

	[1] ARM Linux Kernel documentation - CPUs bindings
	Documentation/devicetree/bindings/arm/cpus.yaml