Documentation/spi/pxa2xx.rst - linux - Git at Google

 ==============================
 PXA2xx SPI on SSP driver HOWTO
 ==============================

 This a mini HOWTO on the pxa2xx_spi driver. The driver turns a PXA2xx
 synchronous serial port into an SPI master controller
 (see Documentation/spi/spi-summary.rst). The driver has the following features

 - Support for any PXA2xx and compatible SSP.
 - SSP PIO and SSP DMA data transfers.
 - External and Internal (SSPFRM) chip selects.
 - Per slave device (chip) configuration.
 - Full suspend, freeze, resume support.

 The driver is built around a &struct spi_message FIFO serviced by kernel
 thread. The kernel thread, spi_pump_messages(), drives message FIFO and
 is responsible for queuing SPI transactions and setting up and launching
 the DMA or interrupt driven transfers.

 Declaring PXA2xx Master Controllers
 -----------------------------------
 Typically, for a legacy platform, an SPI master is defined in the
 arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c as a "platform device". The master configuration
 is passed to the driver via a table found in include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h::

   struct pxa2xx_spi_controller {
 	u16 num_chipselect;
 	u8 enable_dma;
 	...
   };

 The "pxa2xx_spi_controller.num_chipselect" field is used to determine the number of
 slave device (chips) attached to this SPI master.

 The "pxa2xx_spi_controller.enable_dma" field informs the driver that SSP DMA should
 be used. This caused the driver to acquire two DMA channels: Rx channel and
 Tx channel. The Rx channel has a higher DMA service priority than the Tx channel.
 See the "PXA2xx Developer Manual" section "DMA Controller".

 For the new platforms the description of the controller and peripheral devices
 comes from Device Tree or ACPI.

 NSSP MASTER SAMPLE
 ------------------
 Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP for a legacy platform::

   static struct resource pxa_spi_nssp_resources[] = {
 	[0] = {
 		.start	= __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)), /* Start address of NSSP */
 		.end	= __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)) + 0x2c, /* Range of registers */
 		.flags	= IORESOURCE_MEM,
 	},
 	[1] = {
 		.start	= IRQ_NSSP, /* NSSP IRQ */
 		.end	= IRQ_NSSP,
 		.flags	= IORESOURCE_IRQ,
 	},
   };

   static struct pxa2xx_spi_controller pxa_nssp_master_info = {
 	.num_chipselect = 1, /* Matches the number of chips attached to NSSP */
 	.enable_dma = 1, /* Enables NSSP DMA */
   };

   static struct platform_device pxa_spi_nssp = {
 	.name = "pxa2xx-spi", /* MUST BE THIS VALUE, so device match driver */
 	.id = 2, /* Bus number, MUST MATCH SSP number 1..n */
 	.resource = pxa_spi_nssp_resources,
 	.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(pxa_spi_nssp_resources),
 	.dev = {
 		.platform_data = &pxa_nssp_master_info, /* Passed to driver */
 	},
   };

   static struct platform_device *devices[] __initdata = {
 	&pxa_spi_nssp,
   };

   static void __init board_init(void)
   {
 	(void)platform_add_device(devices, ARRAY_SIZE(devices));
   }

 Declaring Slave Devices
 -----------------------
 Typically, for a legacy platform, each SPI slave (chip) is defined in the
 arch/.../mach-*/board-*.c using the "spi_board_info" structure found in
 "linux/spi/spi.h". See "Documentation/spi/spi-summary.rst" for additional
 information.

 Each slave device attached to the PXA must provide slave specific configuration
 information via the structure "pxa2xx_spi_chip" found in
 "include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h".  The pxa2xx_spi master controller driver
 will uses the configuration whenever the driver communicates with the slave
 device. All fields are optional.

 ::

   struct pxa2xx_spi_chip {
 	u8 tx_threshold;
 	u8 rx_threshold;
 	u8 dma_burst_size;
 	u32 timeout;
 	u8 enable_loopback;
 	void (*cs_control)(u32 command);
   };

 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.tx_threshold" and "pxa2xx_spi_chip.rx_threshold" fields are
 used to configure the SSP hardware FIFO. These fields are critical to the
 performance of pxa2xx_spi driver and misconfiguration will result in rx
 FIFO overruns (especially in PIO mode transfers). Good default values are::

 	.tx_threshold = 8,
 	.rx_threshold = 8,

 The range is 1 to 16 where zero indicates "use default".

 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.dma_burst_size" field is used to configure PXA2xx DMA
 engine and is related the "spi_device.bits_per_word" field.  Read and understand
 the PXA2xx "Developer Manual" sections on the DMA controller and SSP Controllers
 to determine the correct value. An SSP configured for byte-wide transfers would
 use a value of 8. The driver will determine a reasonable default if
 dma_burst_size == 0.

 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.timeout" fields is used to efficiently handle
 trailing bytes in the SSP receiver FIFO. The correct value for this field is
 dependent on the SPI bus speed ("spi_board_info.max_speed_hz") and the specific
 slave device.  Please note that the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte
 timeouts and must busy-wait any trailing bytes.

 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.enable_loopback" field is used to place the SSP porting
 into internal loopback mode.  In this mode the SSP controller internally
 connects the SSPTX pin to the SSPRX pin.  This is useful for initial setup
 testing.

 The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.cs_control" field is used to point to a board specific
 function for asserting/deasserting a slave device chip select.  If the field is
 NULL, the pxa2xx_spi master controller driver assumes that the SSP port is
 configured to use GPIO or SSPFRM instead.

 NOTE: the SPI driver cannot control the chip select if SSPFRM is used, so the
 chipselect is dropped after each spi_transfer.  Most devices need chip select
 asserted around the complete message. Use SSPFRM as a GPIO (through a descriptor)
 to accommodate these chips.


 NSSP SLAVE SAMPLE
 -----------------
 For a legacy platform or in some other cases, the pxa2xx_spi_chip structure
 is passed to the pxa2xx_spi driver in the "spi_board_info.controller_data"
 field. Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP.

 ::

   /* Chip Select control for the CS8415A SPI slave device */
   static void cs8415a_cs_control(u32 command)
   {
 	if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
 		GPCR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
 	else
 		GPSR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
   }

   /* Chip Select control for the CS8405A SPI slave device */
   static void cs8405a_cs_control(u32 command)
   {
 	if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
 		GPCR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
 	else
 		GPSR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
   }

   static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8415a_chip_info = {
 	.tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
 	.rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
 	.dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
 	.timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
 	.cs_control = cs8415a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
   };

   static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8405a_chip_info = {
 	.tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
 	.rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
 	.dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
 	.timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
 	.cs_control = cs8405a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
   };

   static struct spi_board_info streetracer_spi_board_info[] __initdata = {
 	{
 		.modalias = "cs8415a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
 		.max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
 		.bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
 		.chip_select = 0, /* Framework chip select */
 		.platform_data = NULL; /* No spi_driver specific config */
 		.controller_data = &cs8415a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
 		.irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
 	},
 	{
 		.modalias = "cs8405a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
 		.max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
 		.bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
 		.chip_select = 1, /* Framework chip select */
 		.controller_data = &cs8405a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
 		.irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
 	},
   };

   static void __init streetracer_init(void)
   {
 	spi_register_board_info(streetracer_spi_board_info,
 				ARRAY_SIZE(streetracer_spi_board_info));
   }


 DMA and PIO I/O Support
 -----------------------
 The pxa2xx_spi driver supports both DMA and interrupt driven PIO message
 transfers.  The driver defaults to PIO mode and DMA transfers must be enabled
 by setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_controller" structure.
 For the newer platforms, that are known to support DMA, the driver will enable
 it automatically and try it first with a possible fallback to PIO. The DMA
 mode supports both coherent and stream based DMA mappings.

 The following logic is used to determine the type of I/O to be used on
 a per "spi_transfer" basis::

   if !enable_dma then
 	always use PIO transfers

   if spi_message.len > 8191 then
 	print "rate limited" warning
 	use PIO transfers

   if spi_message.is_dma_mapped and rx_dma_buf != 0 and tx_dma_buf != 0 then
 	use coherent DMA mode

   if rx_buf and tx_buf are aligned on 8 byte boundary then
 	use streaming DMA mode

   otherwise
 	use PIO transfer

 THANKS TO
 ---------
 David Brownell and others for mentoring the development of this driver.
	==============================
	PXA2xx SPI on SSP driver HOWTO
	==============================

	This a mini HOWTO on the pxa2xx_spi driver. The driver turns a PXA2xx
	synchronous serial port into an SPI master controller
	(see Documentation/spi/spi-summary.rst). The driver has the following features

	- Support for any PXA2xx and compatible SSP.
	- SSP PIO and SSP DMA data transfers.
	- External and Internal (SSPFRM) chip selects.
	- Per slave device (chip) configuration.
	- Full suspend, freeze, resume support.

	The driver is built around a &struct spi_message FIFO serviced by kernel
	thread. The kernel thread, spi_pump_messages(), drives message FIFO and
	is responsible for queuing SPI transactions and setting up and launching
	the DMA or interrupt driven transfers.

	Declaring PXA2xx Master Controllers
	-----------------------------------
	Typically, for a legacy platform, an SPI master is defined in the
	arch/.../mach-/board-.c as a "platform device". The master configuration
	is passed to the driver via a table found in include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h::

	struct pxa2xx_spi_controller {
	u16 num_chipselect;
	u8 enable_dma;
	...
	};

	The "pxa2xx_spi_controller.num_chipselect" field is used to determine the number of
	slave device (chips) attached to this SPI master.

	The "pxa2xx_spi_controller.enable_dma" field informs the driver that SSP DMA should
	be used. This caused the driver to acquire two DMA channels: Rx channel and
	Tx channel. The Rx channel has a higher DMA service priority than the Tx channel.
	See the "PXA2xx Developer Manual" section "DMA Controller".

	For the new platforms the description of the controller and peripheral devices
	comes from Device Tree or ACPI.

	NSSP MASTER SAMPLE
	------------------
	Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP for a legacy platform::

	static struct resource pxa_spi_nssp_resources[] = {
	[0] = {
	.start = __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)), /* Start address of NSSP */
	.end = __PREG(SSCR0_P(2)) + 0x2c, /* Range of registers */
	.flags = IORESOURCE_MEM,
	},
	[1] = {
	.start = IRQ_NSSP, /* NSSP IRQ */
	.end = IRQ_NSSP,
	.flags = IORESOURCE_IRQ,
	},
	};

	static struct pxa2xx_spi_controller pxa_nssp_master_info = {
	.num_chipselect = 1, /* Matches the number of chips attached to NSSP */
	.enable_dma = 1, /* Enables NSSP DMA */
	};

	static struct platform_device pxa_spi_nssp = {
	.name = "pxa2xx-spi", /* MUST BE THIS VALUE, so device match driver */
	.id = 2, /* Bus number, MUST MATCH SSP number 1..n */
	.resource = pxa_spi_nssp_resources,
	.num_resources = ARRAY_SIZE(pxa_spi_nssp_resources),
	.dev = {
	.platform_data = &pxa_nssp_master_info, /* Passed to driver */
	},
	};

	static struct platform_device *devices[] __initdata = {
	&pxa_spi_nssp,
	};

	static void __init board_init(void)
	{
	(void)platform_add_device(devices, ARRAY_SIZE(devices));
	}

	Declaring Slave Devices
	-----------------------
	Typically, for a legacy platform, each SPI slave (chip) is defined in the
	arch/.../mach-/board-.c using the "spi_board_info" structure found in
	"linux/spi/spi.h". See "Documentation/spi/spi-summary.rst" for additional
	information.

	Each slave device attached to the PXA must provide slave specific configuration
	information via the structure "pxa2xx_spi_chip" found in
	"include/linux/spi/pxa2xx_spi.h". The pxa2xx_spi master controller driver
	will uses the configuration whenever the driver communicates with the slave
	device. All fields are optional.

	::

	struct pxa2xx_spi_chip {
	u8 tx_threshold;
	u8 rx_threshold;
	u8 dma_burst_size;
	u32 timeout;
	u8 enable_loopback;
	void (*cs_control)(u32 command);
	};

	The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.tx_threshold" and "pxa2xx_spi_chip.rx_threshold" fields are
	used to configure the SSP hardware FIFO. These fields are critical to the
	performance of pxa2xx_spi driver and misconfiguration will result in rx
	FIFO overruns (especially in PIO mode transfers). Good default values are::

	.tx_threshold = 8,
	.rx_threshold = 8,

	The range is 1 to 16 where zero indicates "use default".

	The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.dma_burst_size" field is used to configure PXA2xx DMA
	engine and is related the "spi_device.bits_per_word" field. Read and understand
	the PXA2xx "Developer Manual" sections on the DMA controller and SSP Controllers
	to determine the correct value. An SSP configured for byte-wide transfers would
	use a value of 8. The driver will determine a reasonable default if
	dma_burst_size == 0.

	The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.timeout" fields is used to efficiently handle
	trailing bytes in the SSP receiver FIFO. The correct value for this field is
	dependent on the SPI bus speed ("spi_board_info.max_speed_hz") and the specific
	slave device. Please note that the PXA2xx SSP 1 does not support trailing byte
	timeouts and must busy-wait any trailing bytes.

	The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.enable_loopback" field is used to place the SSP porting
	into internal loopback mode. In this mode the SSP controller internally
	connects the SSPTX pin to the SSPRX pin. This is useful for initial setup
	testing.

	The "pxa2xx_spi_chip.cs_control" field is used to point to a board specific
	function for asserting/deasserting a slave device chip select. If the field is
	NULL, the pxa2xx_spi master controller driver assumes that the SSP port is
	configured to use GPIO or SSPFRM instead.

	NOTE: the SPI driver cannot control the chip select if SSPFRM is used, so the
	chipselect is dropped after each spi_transfer. Most devices need chip select
	asserted around the complete message. Use SSPFRM as a GPIO (through a descriptor)
	to accommodate these chips.


	NSSP SLAVE SAMPLE
	-----------------
	For a legacy platform or in some other cases, the pxa2xx_spi_chip structure
	is passed to the pxa2xx_spi driver in the "spi_board_info.controller_data"
	field. Below is a sample configuration using the PXA255 NSSP.

	::

	/* Chip Select control for the CS8415A SPI slave device */
	static void cs8415a_cs_control(u32 command)
	{
	if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
	GPCR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
	else
	GPSR(2) = GPIO_bit(2);
	}

	/* Chip Select control for the CS8405A SPI slave device */
	static void cs8405a_cs_control(u32 command)
	{
	if (command & PXA2XX_CS_ASSERT)
	GPCR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
	else
	GPSR(3) = GPIO_bit(3);
	}

	static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8415a_chip_info = {
	.tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
	.rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
	.dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
	.timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
	.cs_control = cs8415a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
	};

	static struct pxa2xx_spi_chip cs8405a_chip_info = {
	.tx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
	.rx_threshold = 8, /* SSP hardward FIFO threshold */
	.dma_burst_size = 8, /* Byte wide transfers used so 8 byte bursts */
	.timeout = 235, /* See Intel documentation */
	.cs_control = cs8405a_cs_control, /* Use external chip select */
	};

	static struct spi_board_info streetracer_spi_board_info[] __initdata = {
	{
	.modalias = "cs8415a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
	.max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
	.bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
	.chip_select = 0, /* Framework chip select */
	.platform_data = NULL; /* No spi_driver specific config */
	.controller_data = &cs8415a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
	.irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
	},
	{
	.modalias = "cs8405a", /* Name of spi_driver for this device */
	.max_speed_hz = 3686400, /* Run SSP as fast a possbile */
	.bus_num = 2, /* Framework bus number */
	.chip_select = 1, /* Framework chip select */
	.controller_data = &cs8405a_chip_info, /* Master chip config */
	.irq = STREETRACER_APCI_IRQ, /* Slave device interrupt */
	},
	};

	static void __init streetracer_init(void)
	{
	spi_register_board_info(streetracer_spi_board_info,
	ARRAY_SIZE(streetracer_spi_board_info));
	}


	DMA and PIO I/O Support
	-----------------------
	The pxa2xx_spi driver supports both DMA and interrupt driven PIO message
	transfers. The driver defaults to PIO mode and DMA transfers must be enabled
	by setting the "enable_dma" flag in the "pxa2xx_spi_controller" structure.
	For the newer platforms, that are known to support DMA, the driver will enable
	it automatically and try it first with a possible fallback to PIO. The DMA
	mode supports both coherent and stream based DMA mappings.

	The following logic is used to determine the type of I/O to be used on
	a per "spi_transfer" basis::

	if !enable_dma then
	always use PIO transfers

	if spi_message.len > 8191 then
	print "rate limited" warning
	use PIO transfers

	if spi_message.is_dma_mapped and rx_dma_buf != 0 and tx_dma_buf != 0 then
	use coherent DMA mode

	if rx_buf and tx_buf are aligned on 8 byte boundary then
	use streaming DMA mode

	otherwise
	use PIO transfer

	THANKS TO
	---------
	David Brownell and others for mentoring the development of this driver.