| What: /sys/block/<disk>/stat |
| Date: February 2008 |
| Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com> |
| Description: |
| The /sys/block/<disk>/stat files displays the I/O |
| statistics of disk <disk>. They contain 11 fields: |
| |
| == ============================================== |
| 1 reads completed successfully |
| 2 reads merged |
| 3 sectors read |
| 4 time spent reading (ms) |
| 5 writes completed |
| 6 writes merged |
| 7 sectors written |
| 8 time spent writing (ms) |
| 9 I/Os currently in progress |
| 10 time spent doing I/Os (ms) |
| 11 weighted time spent doing I/Os (ms) |
| 12 discards completed |
| 13 discards merged |
| 14 sectors discarded |
| 15 time spent discarding (ms) |
| 16 flush requests completed |
| 17 time spent flushing (ms) |
| == ============================================== |
| |
| For more details refer Documentation/admin-guide/iostats.rst |
| |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/inflight |
| Date: October 2009 |
| Contact: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>, Nikanth Karthikesan <knikanth@suse.de> |
| Description: |
| Reports the number of I/O requests currently in progress |
| (pending / in flight) in a device driver. This can be less |
| than the number of requests queued in the block device queue. |
| The report contains 2 fields: one for read requests |
| and one for write requests. |
| The value type is unsigned int. |
| Cf. Documentation/block/stat.rst which contains a single value for |
| requests in flight. |
| This is related to nr_requests in Documentation/block/queue-sysfs.rst |
| and for SCSI device also its queue_depth. |
| |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/diskseq |
| Date: February 2021 |
| Contact: Matteo Croce <mcroce@microsoft.com> |
| Description: |
| The /sys/block/<disk>/diskseq files reports the disk |
| sequence number, which is a monotonically increasing |
| number assigned to every drive. |
| Some devices, like the loop device, refresh such number |
| every time the backing file is changed. |
| The value type is 64 bit unsigned. |
| |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat |
| Date: February 2008 |
| Contact: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com> |
| Description: |
| The /sys/block/<disk>/<part>/stat files display the |
| I/O statistics of partition <part>. The format is the |
| same as the above-written /sys/block/<disk>/stat |
| format. |
| |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/format |
| Date: June 2008 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Metadata format for integrity capable block device. |
| E.g. T10-DIF-TYPE1-CRC. |
| |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/read_verify |
| Date: June 2008 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Indicates whether the block layer should verify the |
| integrity of read requests serviced by devices that |
| support sending integrity metadata. |
| |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/tag_size |
| Date: June 2008 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Number of bytes of integrity tag space available per |
| 512 bytes of data. |
| |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/device_is_integrity_capable |
| Date: July 2014 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Indicates whether a storage device is capable of storing |
| integrity metadata. Set if the device is T10 PI-capable. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/protection_interval_bytes |
| Date: July 2015 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Describes the number of data bytes which are protected |
| by one integrity tuple. Typically the device's logical |
| block size. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/integrity/write_generate |
| Date: June 2008 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Indicates whether the block layer should automatically |
| generate checksums for write requests bound for |
| devices that support receiving integrity metadata. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/alignment_offset |
| Date: April 2009 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Storage devices may report a physical block size that is |
| bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive |
| with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical |
| blocks to the operating system). This parameter |
| indicates how many bytes the beginning of the device is |
| offset from the disk's natural alignment. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/alignment_offset |
| Date: April 2009 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Storage devices may report a physical block size that is |
| bigger than the logical block size (for instance a drive |
| with 4KB physical sectors exposing 512-byte logical |
| blocks to the operating system). This parameter |
| indicates how many bytes the beginning of the partition |
| is offset from the disk's natural alignment. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/logical_block_size |
| Date: May 2009 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| This is the smallest unit the storage device can |
| address. It is typically 512 bytes. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/physical_block_size |
| Date: May 2009 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| This is the smallest unit a physical storage device can |
| write atomically. It is usually the same as the logical |
| block size but may be bigger. One example is SATA |
| drives with 4KB sectors that expose a 512-byte logical |
| block size to the operating system. For stacked block |
| devices the physical_block_size variable contains the |
| maximum physical_block_size of the component devices. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/minimum_io_size |
| Date: April 2009 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Storage devices may report a granularity or preferred |
| minimum I/O size which is the smallest request the |
| device can perform without incurring a performance |
| penalty. For disk drives this is often the physical |
| block size. For RAID arrays it is often the stripe |
| chunk size. A properly aligned multiple of |
| minimum_io_size is the preferred request size for |
| workloads where a high number of I/O operations is |
| desired. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/optimal_io_size |
| Date: April 2009 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Storage devices may report an optimal I/O size, which is |
| the device's preferred unit for sustained I/O. This is |
| rarely reported for disk drives. For RAID arrays it is |
| usually the stripe width or the internal track size. A |
| properly aligned multiple of optimal_io_size is the |
| preferred request size for workloads where sustained |
| throughput is desired. If no optimal I/O size is |
| reported this file contains 0. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nomerges |
| Date: January 2010 |
| Contact: |
| Description: |
| Standard I/O elevator operations include attempts to |
| merge contiguous I/Os. For known random I/O loads these |
| attempts will always fail and result in extra cycles |
| being spent in the kernel. This allows one to turn off |
| this behavior on one of two ways: When set to 1, complex |
| merge checks are disabled, but the simple one-shot merges |
| with the previous I/O request are enabled. When set to 2, |
| all merge tries are disabled. The default value is 0 - |
| which enables all types of merge tries. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/discard_alignment |
| Date: May 2011 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Devices that support discard functionality may |
| internally allocate space in units that are bigger than |
| the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment |
| parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the |
| device is offset from the internal allocation unit's |
| natural alignment. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/<partition>/discard_alignment |
| Date: May 2011 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Devices that support discard functionality may |
| internally allocate space in units that are bigger than |
| the exported logical block size. The discard_alignment |
| parameter indicates how many bytes the beginning of the |
| partition is offset from the internal allocation unit's |
| natural alignment. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_granularity |
| Date: May 2011 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Devices that support discard functionality may |
| internally allocate space using units that are bigger |
| than the logical block size. The discard_granularity |
| parameter indicates the size of the internal allocation |
| unit in bytes if reported by the device. Otherwise the |
| discard_granularity will be set to match the device's |
| physical block size. A discard_granularity of 0 means |
| that the device does not support discard functionality. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_max_bytes |
| Date: May 2011 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Devices that support discard functionality may have |
| internal limits on the number of bytes that can be |
| trimmed or unmapped in a single operation. Some storage |
| protocols also have inherent limits on the number of |
| blocks that can be described in a single command. The |
| discard_max_bytes parameter is set by the device driver |
| to the maximum number of bytes that can be discarded in |
| a single operation. Discard requests issued to the |
| device must not exceed this limit. A discard_max_bytes |
| value of 0 means that the device does not support |
| discard functionality. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/discard_zeroes_data |
| Date: May 2011 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Will always return 0. Don't rely on any specific behavior |
| for discards, and don't read this file. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_same_max_bytes |
| Date: January 2012 |
| Contact: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com> |
| Description: |
| Some devices support a write same operation in which a |
| single data block can be written to a range of several |
| contiguous blocks on storage. This can be used to wipe |
| areas on disk or to initialize drives in a RAID |
| configuration. write_same_max_bytes indicates how many |
| bytes can be written in a single write same command. If |
| write_same_max_bytes is 0, write same is not supported |
| by the device. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/write_zeroes_max_bytes |
| Date: November 2016 |
| Contact: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> |
| Description: |
| Devices that support write zeroes operation in which a |
| single request can be issued to zero out the range of |
| contiguous blocks on storage without having any payload |
| in the request. This can be used to optimize writing zeroes |
| to the devices. write_zeroes_max_bytes indicates how many |
| bytes can be written in a single write zeroes command. If |
| write_zeroes_max_bytes is 0, write zeroes is not supported |
| by the device. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/zoned |
| Date: September 2016 |
| Contact: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> |
| Description: |
| zoned indicates if the device is a zoned block device |
| and the zone model of the device if it is indeed zoned. |
| The possible values indicated by zoned are "none" for |
| regular block devices and "host-aware" or "host-managed" |
| for zoned block devices. The characteristics of |
| host-aware and host-managed zoned block devices are |
| described in the ZBC (Zoned Block Commands) and ZAC |
| (Zoned Device ATA Command Set) standards. These standards |
| also define the "drive-managed" zone model. However, |
| since drive-managed zoned block devices do not support |
| zone commands, they will be treated as regular block |
| devices and zoned will report "none". |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/nr_zones |
| Date: November 2018 |
| Contact: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com> |
| Description: |
| nr_zones indicates the total number of zones of a zoned block |
| device ("host-aware" or "host-managed" zone model). For regular |
| block devices, the value is always 0. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_active_zones |
| Date: July 2020 |
| Contact: Niklas Cassel <niklas.cassel@wdc.com> |
| Description: |
| For zoned block devices (zoned attribute indicating |
| "host-managed" or "host-aware"), the sum of zones belonging to |
| any of the zone states: EXPLICIT OPEN, IMPLICIT OPEN or CLOSED, |
| is limited by this value. If this value is 0, there is no limit. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/max_open_zones |
| Date: July 2020 |
| Contact: Niklas Cassel <niklas.cassel@wdc.com> |
| Description: |
| For zoned block devices (zoned attribute indicating |
| "host-managed" or "host-aware"), the sum of zones belonging to |
| any of the zone states: EXPLICIT OPEN or IMPLICIT OPEN, |
| is limited by this value. If this value is 0, there is no limit. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/chunk_sectors |
| Date: September 2016 |
| Contact: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.com> |
| Description: |
| chunk_sectors has different meaning depending on the type |
| of the disk. For a RAID device (dm-raid), chunk_sectors |
| indicates the size in 512B sectors of the RAID volume |
| stripe segment. For a zoned block device, either |
| host-aware or host-managed, chunk_sectors indicates the |
| size in 512B sectors of the zones of the device, with |
| the eventual exception of the last zone of the device |
| which may be smaller. |
| |
| What: /sys/block/<disk>/queue/io_timeout |
| Date: November 2018 |
| Contact: Weiping Zhang <zhangweiping@didiglobal.com> |
| Description: |
| io_timeout is the request timeout in milliseconds. If a request |
| does not complete in this time then the block driver timeout |
| handler is invoked. That timeout handler can decide to retry |
| the request, to fail it or to start a device recovery strategy. |
