arch/powerpc/kernel/security.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
//
// Security related flags and so on.
//
// Copyright 2018, Michael Ellerman, IBM Corporation.

#include <linux/cpu.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/nospec.h>
#include <linux/prctl.h>
#include <linux/seq_buf.h>

#include <asm/asm-prototypes.h>
#include <asm/code-patching.h>
#include <asm/debugfs.h>
#include <asm/security_features.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/inst.h>


u64 powerpc_security_features __read_mostly = SEC_FTR_DEFAULT;

enum branch_cache_flush_type {
	BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE	= 0x1,
	BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_SW	= 0x2,
	BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW	= 0x4,
};
static enum branch_cache_flush_type count_cache_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE;
static enum branch_cache_flush_type link_stack_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE;

bool barrier_nospec_enabled;
static bool no_nospec;
static bool btb_flush_enabled;
#if defined(CONFIG_PPC_FSL_BOOK3E) || defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64)
static bool no_spectrev2;
#endif

static void enable_barrier_nospec(bool enable)
{
	barrier_nospec_enabled = enable;
	do_barrier_nospec_fixups(enable);
}

void setup_barrier_nospec(void)
{
	bool enable;

	/*
	 * It would make sense to check SEC_FTR_SPEC_BAR_ORI31 below as well.
	 * But there's a good reason not to. The two flags we check below are
	 * both are enabled by default in the kernel, so if the hcall is not
	 * functional they will be enabled.
	 * On a system where the host firmware has been updated (so the ori
	 * functions as a barrier), but on which the hypervisor (KVM/Qemu) has
	 * not been updated, we would like to enable the barrier. Dropping the
	 * check for SEC_FTR_SPEC_BAR_ORI31 achieves that. The only downside is
	 * we potentially enable the barrier on systems where the host firmware
	 * is not updated, but that's harmless as it's a no-op.
	 */
	enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
		 security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_BNDS_CHK_SPEC_BAR);

	if (!no_nospec && !cpu_mitigations_off())
		enable_barrier_nospec(enable);
}

static int __init handle_nospectre_v1(char *p)
{
	no_nospec = true;

	return 0;
}
early_param("nospectre_v1", handle_nospectre_v1);

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
static int barrier_nospec_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
	switch (val) {
	case 0:
	case 1:
		break;
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (!!val == !!barrier_nospec_enabled)
		return 0;

	enable_barrier_nospec(!!val);

	return 0;
}

static int barrier_nospec_get(void *data, u64 *val)
{
	*val = barrier_nospec_enabled ? 1 : 0;
	return 0;
}

DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_barrier_nospec, barrier_nospec_get,
			 barrier_nospec_set, "%llu\n");

static __init int barrier_nospec_debugfs_init(void)
{
	debugfs_create_file_unsafe("barrier_nospec", 0600,
				   powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL,
				   &fops_barrier_nospec);
	return 0;
}
device_initcall(barrier_nospec_debugfs_init);

static __init int security_feature_debugfs_init(void)
{
	debugfs_create_x64("security_features", 0400, powerpc_debugfs_root,
			   &powerpc_security_features);
	return 0;
}
device_initcall(security_feature_debugfs_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS */

#if defined(CONFIG_PPC_FSL_BOOK3E) || defined(CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64)
static int __init handle_nospectre_v2(char *p)
{
	no_spectrev2 = true;

	return 0;
}
early_param("nospectre_v2", handle_nospectre_v2);
#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_FSL_BOOK3E || CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64 */

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_FSL_BOOK3E
void setup_spectre_v2(void)
{
	if (no_spectrev2 || cpu_mitigations_off())
		do_btb_flush_fixups();
	else
		btb_flush_enabled = true;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_FSL_BOOK3E */

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64
ssize_t cpu_show_meltdown(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	bool thread_priv;

	thread_priv = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_THREAD_PRIV);

	if (rfi_flush) {
		struct seq_buf s;
		seq_buf_init(&s, buf, PAGE_SIZE - 1);

		seq_buf_printf(&s, "Mitigation: RFI Flush");
		if (thread_priv)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, ", L1D private per thread");

		seq_buf_printf(&s, "\n");

		return s.len;
	}

	if (thread_priv)
		return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable: L1D private per thread\n");

	if (!security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_HV) &&
	    !security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR))
		return sprintf(buf, "Not affected\n");

	return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable\n");
}

ssize_t cpu_show_l1tf(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	return cpu_show_meltdown(dev, attr, buf);
}
#endif

ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v1(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct seq_buf s;

	seq_buf_init(&s, buf, PAGE_SIZE - 1);

	if (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_BNDS_CHK_SPEC_BAR)) {
		if (barrier_nospec_enabled)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, "Mitigation: __user pointer sanitization");
		else
			seq_buf_printf(&s, "Vulnerable");

		if (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_SPEC_BAR_ORI31))
			seq_buf_printf(&s, ", ori31 speculation barrier enabled");

		seq_buf_printf(&s, "\n");
	} else
		seq_buf_printf(&s, "Not affected\n");

	return s.len;
}

ssize_t cpu_show_spectre_v2(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	struct seq_buf s;
	bool bcs, ccd;

	seq_buf_init(&s, buf, PAGE_SIZE - 1);

	bcs = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_BCCTRL_SERIALISED);
	ccd = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_COUNT_CACHE_DISABLED);

	if (bcs || ccd) {
		seq_buf_printf(&s, "Mitigation: ");

		if (bcs)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, "Indirect branch serialisation (kernel only)");

		if (bcs && ccd)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, ", ");

		if (ccd)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, "Indirect branch cache disabled");

	} else if (count_cache_flush_type != BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE) {
		seq_buf_printf(&s, "Mitigation: Software count cache flush");

		if (count_cache_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, " (hardware accelerated)");

	} else if (btb_flush_enabled) {
		seq_buf_printf(&s, "Mitigation: Branch predictor state flush");
	} else {
		seq_buf_printf(&s, "Vulnerable");
	}

	if (bcs || ccd || count_cache_flush_type != BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE) {
		if (link_stack_flush_type != BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, ", Software link stack flush");
		if (link_stack_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW)
			seq_buf_printf(&s, " (hardware accelerated)");
	}

	seq_buf_printf(&s, "\n");

	return s.len;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64
/*
 * Store-forwarding barrier support.
 */

static enum stf_barrier_type stf_enabled_flush_types;
static bool no_stf_barrier;
bool stf_barrier;

static int __init handle_no_stf_barrier(char *p)
{
	pr_info("stf-barrier: disabled on command line.");
	no_stf_barrier = true;
	return 0;
}

early_param("no_stf_barrier", handle_no_stf_barrier);

enum stf_barrier_type stf_barrier_type_get(void)
{
	return stf_enabled_flush_types;
}

/* This is the generic flag used by other architectures */
static int __init handle_ssbd(char *p)
{
	if (!p || strncmp(p, "auto", 5) == 0 || strncmp(p, "on", 2) == 0 ) {
		/* Until firmware tells us, we have the barrier with auto */
		return 0;
	} else if (strncmp(p, "off", 3) == 0) {
		handle_no_stf_barrier(NULL);
		return 0;
	} else
		return 1;

	return 0;
}
early_param("spec_store_bypass_disable", handle_ssbd);

/* This is the generic flag used by other architectures */
static int __init handle_no_ssbd(char *p)
{
	handle_no_stf_barrier(NULL);
	return 0;
}
early_param("nospec_store_bypass_disable", handle_no_ssbd);

static void stf_barrier_enable(bool enable)
{
	if (enable)
		do_stf_barrier_fixups(stf_enabled_flush_types);
	else
		do_stf_barrier_fixups(STF_BARRIER_NONE);

	stf_barrier = enable;
}

void setup_stf_barrier(void)
{
	enum stf_barrier_type type;
	bool enable, hv;

	hv = cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_HVMODE);

	/* Default to fallback in case fw-features are not available */
	if (cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_ARCH_300))
		type = STF_BARRIER_EIEIO;
	else if (cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_ARCH_207S))
		type = STF_BARRIER_SYNC_ORI;
	else if (cpu_has_feature(CPU_FTR_ARCH_206))
		type = STF_BARRIER_FALLBACK;
	else
		type = STF_BARRIER_NONE;

	enable = security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FAVOUR_SECURITY) &&
		(security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR) ||
		 (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_HV) && hv));

	if (type == STF_BARRIER_FALLBACK) {
		pr_info("stf-barrier: fallback barrier available\n");
	} else if (type == STF_BARRIER_SYNC_ORI) {
		pr_info("stf-barrier: hwsync barrier available\n");
	} else if (type == STF_BARRIER_EIEIO) {
		pr_info("stf-barrier: eieio barrier available\n");
	}

	stf_enabled_flush_types = type;

	if (!no_stf_barrier && !cpu_mitigations_off())
		stf_barrier_enable(enable);
}

ssize_t cpu_show_spec_store_bypass(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
	if (stf_barrier && stf_enabled_flush_types != STF_BARRIER_NONE) {
		const char *type;
		switch (stf_enabled_flush_types) {
		case STF_BARRIER_EIEIO:
			type = "eieio";
			break;
		case STF_BARRIER_SYNC_ORI:
			type = "hwsync";
			break;
		case STF_BARRIER_FALLBACK:
			type = "fallback";
			break;
		default:
			type = "unknown";
		}
		return sprintf(buf, "Mitigation: Kernel entry/exit barrier (%s)\n", type);
	}

	if (!security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_HV) &&
	    !security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_L1D_FLUSH_PR))
		return sprintf(buf, "Not affected\n");

	return sprintf(buf, "Vulnerable\n");
}

static int ssb_prctl_get(struct task_struct *task)
{
	if (stf_enabled_flush_types == STF_BARRIER_NONE)
		/*
		 * We don't have an explicit signal from firmware that we're
		 * vulnerable or not, we only have certain CPU revisions that
		 * are known to be vulnerable.
		 *
		 * We assume that if we're on another CPU, where the barrier is
		 * NONE, then we are not vulnerable.
		 */
		return PR_SPEC_NOT_AFFECTED;
	else
		/*
		 * If we do have a barrier type then we are vulnerable. The
		 * barrier is not a global or per-process mitigation, so the
		 * only value we can report here is PR_SPEC_ENABLE, which
		 * appears as "vulnerable" in /proc.
		 */
		return PR_SPEC_ENABLE;

	return -EINVAL;
}

int arch_prctl_spec_ctrl_get(struct task_struct *task, unsigned long which)
{
	switch (which) {
	case PR_SPEC_STORE_BYPASS:
		return ssb_prctl_get(task);
	default:
		return -ENODEV;
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
static int stf_barrier_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
	bool enable;

	if (val == 1)
		enable = true;
	else if (val == 0)
		enable = false;
	else
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Only do anything if we're changing state */
	if (enable != stf_barrier)
		stf_barrier_enable(enable);

	return 0;
}

static int stf_barrier_get(void *data, u64 *val)
{
	*val = stf_barrier ? 1 : 0;
	return 0;
}

DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_stf_barrier, stf_barrier_get, stf_barrier_set,
			 "%llu\n");

static __init int stf_barrier_debugfs_init(void)
{
	debugfs_create_file_unsafe("stf_barrier", 0600, powerpc_debugfs_root,
				   NULL, &fops_stf_barrier);
	return 0;
}
device_initcall(stf_barrier_debugfs_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS */

static void update_branch_cache_flush(void)
{
	u32 *site;

#ifdef CONFIG_KVM_BOOK3S_HV_POSSIBLE
	site = &patch__call_kvm_flush_link_stack;
	// This controls the branch from guest_exit_cont to kvm_flush_link_stack
	if (link_stack_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE) {
		patch_instruction_site(site, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_NOP));
	} else {
		// Could use HW flush, but that could also flush count cache
		patch_branch_site(site, (u64)&kvm_flush_link_stack, BRANCH_SET_LINK);
	}
#endif

	// Patch out the bcctr first, then nop the rest
	site = &patch__call_flush_branch_caches3;
	patch_instruction_site(site, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_NOP));
	site = &patch__call_flush_branch_caches2;
	patch_instruction_site(site, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_NOP));
	site = &patch__call_flush_branch_caches1;
	patch_instruction_site(site, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_NOP));

	// This controls the branch from _switch to flush_branch_caches
	if (count_cache_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE &&
	    link_stack_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE) {
		// Nothing to be done

	} else if (count_cache_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW &&
		   link_stack_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW) {
		// Patch in the bcctr last
		site = &patch__call_flush_branch_caches1;
		patch_instruction_site(site, ppc_inst(0x39207fff)); // li r9,0x7fff
		site = &patch__call_flush_branch_caches2;
		patch_instruction_site(site, ppc_inst(0x7d2903a6)); // mtctr r9
		site = &patch__call_flush_branch_caches3;
		patch_instruction_site(site, ppc_inst(PPC_INST_BCCTR_FLUSH));

	} else {
		patch_branch_site(site, (u64)&flush_branch_caches, BRANCH_SET_LINK);

		// If we just need to flush the link stack, early return
		if (count_cache_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE) {
			patch_instruction_site(&patch__flush_link_stack_return,
					       ppc_inst(PPC_INST_BLR));

		// If we have flush instruction, early return
		} else if (count_cache_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW) {
			patch_instruction_site(&patch__flush_count_cache_return,
					       ppc_inst(PPC_INST_BLR));
		}
	}
}

static void toggle_branch_cache_flush(bool enable)
{
	if (!enable || !security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FLUSH_COUNT_CACHE)) {
		if (count_cache_flush_type != BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE)
			count_cache_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE;

		pr_info("count-cache-flush: flush disabled.\n");
	} else {
		if (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_BCCTR_FLUSH_ASSIST)) {
			count_cache_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW;
			pr_info("count-cache-flush: hardware flush enabled.\n");
		} else {
			count_cache_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_SW;
			pr_info("count-cache-flush: software flush enabled.\n");
		}
	}

	if (!enable || !security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FLUSH_LINK_STACK)) {
		if (link_stack_flush_type != BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE)
			link_stack_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE;

		pr_info("link-stack-flush: flush disabled.\n");
	} else {
		if (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_BCCTR_LINK_FLUSH_ASSIST)) {
			link_stack_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_HW;
			pr_info("link-stack-flush: hardware flush enabled.\n");
		} else {
			link_stack_flush_type = BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_SW;
			pr_info("link-stack-flush: software flush enabled.\n");
		}
	}

	update_branch_cache_flush();
}

void setup_count_cache_flush(void)
{
	bool enable = true;

	if (no_spectrev2 || cpu_mitigations_off()) {
		if (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_BCCTRL_SERIALISED) ||
		    security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_COUNT_CACHE_DISABLED))
			pr_warn("Spectre v2 mitigations not fully under software control, can't disable\n");

		enable = false;
	}

	/*
	 * There's no firmware feature flag/hypervisor bit to tell us we need to
	 * flush the link stack on context switch. So we set it here if we see
	 * either of the Spectre v2 mitigations that aim to protect userspace.
	 */
	if (security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_COUNT_CACHE_DISABLED) ||
	    security_ftr_enabled(SEC_FTR_FLUSH_COUNT_CACHE))
		security_ftr_set(SEC_FTR_FLUSH_LINK_STACK);

	toggle_branch_cache_flush(enable);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_FS
static int count_cache_flush_set(void *data, u64 val)
{
	bool enable;

	if (val == 1)
		enable = true;
	else if (val == 0)
		enable = false;
	else
		return -EINVAL;

	toggle_branch_cache_flush(enable);

	return 0;
}

static int count_cache_flush_get(void *data, u64 *val)
{
	if (count_cache_flush_type == BRANCH_CACHE_FLUSH_NONE)
		*val = 0;
	else
		*val = 1;

	return 0;
}

DEFINE_DEBUGFS_ATTRIBUTE(fops_count_cache_flush, count_cache_flush_get,
			 count_cache_flush_set, "%llu\n");

static __init int count_cache_flush_debugfs_init(void)
{
	debugfs_create_file_unsafe("count_cache_flush", 0600,
				   powerpc_debugfs_root, NULL,
				   &fops_count_cache_flush);
	return 0;
}
device_initcall(count_cache_flush_debugfs_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS */
#endif /* CONFIG_PPC_BOOK3S_64 */