tools/testing/selftests/kvm/dirty_log_test.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
 * KVM dirty page logging test
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2018, Red Hat, Inc.
 */

#define _GNU_SOURCE /* for program_invocation_name */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <linux/bitmap.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>

#include "test_util.h"
#include "kvm_util.h"
#include "processor.h"

#define VCPU_ID				1

/* The memory slot index to track dirty pages */
#define TEST_MEM_SLOT_INDEX		1

/* Default guest test virtual memory offset */
#define DEFAULT_GUEST_TEST_MEM		0xc0000000

/* How many pages to dirty for each guest loop */
#define TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP		1024

/* How many host loops to run (one KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG for each loop) */
#define TEST_HOST_LOOP_N		32UL

/* Interval for each host loop (ms) */
#define TEST_HOST_LOOP_INTERVAL		10UL

/* Dirty bitmaps are always little endian, so we need to swap on big endian */
#if defined(__s390x__)
# define BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE	((BITS_PER_LONG-1) & ~0x7)
# define test_bit_le(nr, addr) \
	test_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
# define set_bit_le(nr, addr) \
	set_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
# define clear_bit_le(nr, addr) \
	clear_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
# define test_and_set_bit_le(nr, addr) \
	test_and_set_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
# define test_and_clear_bit_le(nr, addr) \
	test_and_clear_bit((nr) ^ BITOP_LE_SWIZZLE, addr)
#else
# define test_bit_le		test_bit
# define set_bit_le		set_bit
# define clear_bit_le		clear_bit
# define test_and_set_bit_le	test_and_set_bit
# define test_and_clear_bit_le	test_and_clear_bit
#endif

/*
 * Guest/Host shared variables. Ensure addr_gva2hva() and/or
 * sync_global_to/from_guest() are used when accessing from
 * the host. READ/WRITE_ONCE() should also be used with anything
 * that may change.
 */
static uint64_t host_page_size;
static uint64_t guest_page_size;
static uint64_t guest_num_pages;
static uint64_t random_array[TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP];
static uint64_t iteration;

/*
 * Guest physical memory offset of the testing memory slot.
 * This will be set to the topmost valid physical address minus
 * the test memory size.
 */
static uint64_t guest_test_phys_mem;

/*
 * Guest virtual memory offset of the testing memory slot.
 * Must not conflict with identity mapped test code.
 */
static uint64_t guest_test_virt_mem = DEFAULT_GUEST_TEST_MEM;

/*
 * Continuously write to the first 8 bytes of a random pages within
 * the testing memory region.
 */
static void guest_code(void)
{
	uint64_t addr;
	int i;

	/*
	 * On s390x, all pages of a 1M segment are initially marked as dirty
	 * when a page of the segment is written to for the very first time.
	 * To compensate this specialty in this test, we need to touch all
	 * pages during the first iteration.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < guest_num_pages; i++) {
		addr = guest_test_virt_mem + i * guest_page_size;
		*(uint64_t *)addr = READ_ONCE(iteration);
	}

	while (true) {
		for (i = 0; i < TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP; i++) {
			addr = guest_test_virt_mem;
			addr += (READ_ONCE(random_array[i]) % guest_num_pages)
				* guest_page_size;
			addr &= ~(host_page_size - 1);
			*(uint64_t *)addr = READ_ONCE(iteration);
		}

		/* Tell the host that we need more random numbers */
		GUEST_SYNC(1);
	}
}

/* Host variables */
static bool host_quit;

/* Points to the test VM memory region on which we track dirty logs */
static void *host_test_mem;
static uint64_t host_num_pages;

/* For statistics only */
static uint64_t host_dirty_count;
static uint64_t host_clear_count;
static uint64_t host_track_next_count;

enum log_mode_t {
	/* Only use KVM_GET_DIRTY_LOG for logging */
	LOG_MODE_DIRTY_LOG = 0,

	/* Use both KVM_[GET|CLEAR]_DIRTY_LOG for logging */
	LOG_MODE_CLEAR_LOG = 1,

	LOG_MODE_NUM,

	/* Run all supported modes */
	LOG_MODE_ALL = LOG_MODE_NUM,
};

/* Mode of logging to test.  Default is to run all supported modes */
static enum log_mode_t host_log_mode_option = LOG_MODE_ALL;
/* Logging mode for current run */
static enum log_mode_t host_log_mode;

static bool clear_log_supported(void)
{
	return kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2);
}

static void clear_log_create_vm_done(struct kvm_vm *vm)
{
	struct kvm_enable_cap cap = {};
	u64 manual_caps;

	manual_caps = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2);
	TEST_ASSERT(manual_caps, "MANUAL_CAPS is zero!");
	manual_caps &= (KVM_DIRTY_LOG_MANUAL_PROTECT_ENABLE |
			KVM_DIRTY_LOG_INITIALLY_SET);
	cap.cap = KVM_CAP_MANUAL_DIRTY_LOG_PROTECT2;
	cap.args[0] = manual_caps;
	vm_enable_cap(vm, &cap);
}

static void dirty_log_collect_dirty_pages(struct kvm_vm *vm, int slot,
					  void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages)
{
	kvm_vm_get_dirty_log(vm, slot, bitmap);
}

static void clear_log_collect_dirty_pages(struct kvm_vm *vm, int slot,
					  void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages)
{
	kvm_vm_get_dirty_log(vm, slot, bitmap);
	kvm_vm_clear_dirty_log(vm, slot, bitmap, 0, num_pages);
}

struct log_mode {
	const char *name;
	/* Return true if this mode is supported, otherwise false */
	bool (*supported)(void);
	/* Hook when the vm creation is done (before vcpu creation) */
	void (*create_vm_done)(struct kvm_vm *vm);
	/* Hook to collect the dirty pages into the bitmap provided */
	void (*collect_dirty_pages) (struct kvm_vm *vm, int slot,
				     void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages);
} log_modes[LOG_MODE_NUM] = {
	{
		.name = "dirty-log",
		.collect_dirty_pages = dirty_log_collect_dirty_pages,
	},
	{
		.name = "clear-log",
		.supported = clear_log_supported,
		.create_vm_done = clear_log_create_vm_done,
		.collect_dirty_pages = clear_log_collect_dirty_pages,
	},
};

/*
 * We use this bitmap to track some pages that should have its dirty
 * bit set in the _next_ iteration.  For example, if we detected the
 * page value changed to current iteration but at the same time the
 * page bit is cleared in the latest bitmap, then the system must
 * report that write in the next get dirty log call.
 */
static unsigned long *host_bmap_track;

static void log_modes_dump(void)
{
	int i;

	printf("all");
	for (i = 0; i < LOG_MODE_NUM; i++)
		printf(", %s", log_modes[i].name);
	printf("\n");
}

static bool log_mode_supported(void)
{
	struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];

	if (mode->supported)
		return mode->supported();

	return true;
}

static void log_mode_create_vm_done(struct kvm_vm *vm)
{
	struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];

	if (mode->create_vm_done)
		mode->create_vm_done(vm);
}

static void log_mode_collect_dirty_pages(struct kvm_vm *vm, int slot,
					 void *bitmap, uint32_t num_pages)
{
	struct log_mode *mode = &log_modes[host_log_mode];

	TEST_ASSERT(mode->collect_dirty_pages != NULL,
		    "collect_dirty_pages() is required for any log mode!");
	mode->collect_dirty_pages(vm, slot, bitmap, num_pages);
}

static void generate_random_array(uint64_t *guest_array, uint64_t size)
{
	uint64_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
		guest_array[i] = random();
}

static void *vcpu_worker(void *data)
{
	int ret;
	struct kvm_vm *vm = data;
	uint64_t *guest_array;
	uint64_t pages_count = 0;
	struct kvm_run *run;

	run = vcpu_state(vm, VCPU_ID);

	guest_array = addr_gva2hva(vm, (vm_vaddr_t)random_array);
	generate_random_array(guest_array, TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP);

	while (!READ_ONCE(host_quit)) {
		/* Let the guest dirty the random pages */
		ret = _vcpu_run(vm, VCPU_ID);
		TEST_ASSERT(ret == 0, "vcpu_run failed: %d\n", ret);
		if (get_ucall(vm, VCPU_ID, NULL) == UCALL_SYNC) {
			pages_count += TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP;
			generate_random_array(guest_array, TEST_PAGES_PER_LOOP);
		} else {
			TEST_FAIL("Invalid guest sync status: "
				  "exit_reason=%s\n",
				  exit_reason_str(run->exit_reason));
		}
	}

	pr_info("Dirtied %"PRIu64" pages\n", pages_count);

	return NULL;
}

static void vm_dirty_log_verify(enum vm_guest_mode mode, unsigned long *bmap)
{
	uint64_t step = vm_num_host_pages(mode, 1);
	uint64_t page;
	uint64_t *value_ptr;

	for (page = 0; page < host_num_pages; page += step) {
		value_ptr = host_test_mem + page * host_page_size;

		/* If this is a special page that we were tracking... */
		if (test_and_clear_bit_le(page, host_bmap_track)) {
			host_track_next_count++;
			TEST_ASSERT(test_bit_le(page, bmap),
				    "Page %"PRIu64" should have its dirty bit "
				    "set in this iteration but it is missing",
				    page);
		}

		if (test_and_clear_bit_le(page, bmap)) {
			host_dirty_count++;
			/*
			 * If the bit is set, the value written onto
			 * the corresponding page should be either the
			 * previous iteration number or the current one.
			 */
			TEST_ASSERT(*value_ptr == iteration ||
				    *value_ptr == iteration - 1,
				    "Set page %"PRIu64" value %"PRIu64
				    " incorrect (iteration=%"PRIu64")",
				    page, *value_ptr, iteration);
		} else {
			host_clear_count++;
			/*
			 * If cleared, the value written can be any
			 * value smaller or equals to the iteration
			 * number.  Note that the value can be exactly
			 * (iteration-1) if that write can happen
			 * like this:
			 *
			 * (1) increase loop count to "iteration-1"
			 * (2) write to page P happens (with value
			 *     "iteration-1")
			 * (3) get dirty log for "iteration-1"; we'll
			 *     see that page P bit is set (dirtied),
			 *     and not set the bit in host_bmap_track
			 * (4) increase loop count to "iteration"
			 *     (which is current iteration)
			 * (5) get dirty log for current iteration,
			 *     we'll see that page P is cleared, with
			 *     value "iteration-1".
			 */
			TEST_ASSERT(*value_ptr <= iteration,
				    "Clear page %"PRIu64" value %"PRIu64
				    " incorrect (iteration=%"PRIu64")",
				    page, *value_ptr, iteration);
			if (*value_ptr == iteration) {
				/*
				 * This page is _just_ modified; it
				 * should report its dirtyness in the
				 * next run
				 */
				set_bit_le(page, host_bmap_track);
			}
		}
	}
}

static struct kvm_vm *create_vm(enum vm_guest_mode mode, uint32_t vcpuid,
				uint64_t extra_mem_pages, void *guest_code)
{
	struct kvm_vm *vm;
	uint64_t extra_pg_pages = extra_mem_pages / 512 * 2;

	pr_info("Testing guest mode: %s\n", vm_guest_mode_string(mode));

	vm = vm_create(mode, DEFAULT_GUEST_PHY_PAGES + extra_pg_pages, O_RDWR);
	kvm_vm_elf_load(vm, program_invocation_name, 0, 0);
#ifdef __x86_64__
	vm_create_irqchip(vm);
#endif
	log_mode_create_vm_done(vm);
	vm_vcpu_add_default(vm, vcpuid, guest_code);
	return vm;
}

#define DIRTY_MEM_BITS 30 /* 1G */
#define PAGE_SHIFT_4K  12

static void run_test(enum vm_guest_mode mode, unsigned long iterations,
		     unsigned long interval, uint64_t phys_offset)
{
	pthread_t vcpu_thread;
	struct kvm_vm *vm;
	unsigned long *bmap;

	if (!log_mode_supported()) {
		print_skip("Log mode '%s' not supported",
			   log_modes[host_log_mode].name);
		return;
	}

	/*
	 * We reserve page table for 2 times of extra dirty mem which
	 * will definitely cover the original (1G+) test range.  Here
	 * we do the calculation with 4K page size which is the
	 * smallest so the page number will be enough for all archs
	 * (e.g., 64K page size guest will need even less memory for
	 * page tables).
	 */
	vm = create_vm(mode, VCPU_ID,
		       2ul << (DIRTY_MEM_BITS - PAGE_SHIFT_4K),
		       guest_code);

	guest_page_size = vm_get_page_size(vm);
	/*
	 * A little more than 1G of guest page sized pages.  Cover the
	 * case where the size is not aligned to 64 pages.
	 */
	guest_num_pages = (1ul << (DIRTY_MEM_BITS -
				   vm_get_page_shift(vm))) + 3;
	guest_num_pages = vm_adjust_num_guest_pages(mode, guest_num_pages);

	host_page_size = getpagesize();
	host_num_pages = vm_num_host_pages(mode, guest_num_pages);

	if (!phys_offset) {
		guest_test_phys_mem = (vm_get_max_gfn(vm) -
				       guest_num_pages) * guest_page_size;
		guest_test_phys_mem &= ~(host_page_size - 1);
	} else {
		guest_test_phys_mem = phys_offset;
	}

#ifdef __s390x__
	/* Align to 1M (segment size) */
	guest_test_phys_mem &= ~((1 << 20) - 1);
#endif

	pr_info("guest physical test memory offset: 0x%lx\n", guest_test_phys_mem);

	bmap = bitmap_alloc(host_num_pages);
	host_bmap_track = bitmap_alloc(host_num_pages);

	/* Add an extra memory slot for testing dirty logging */
	vm_userspace_mem_region_add(vm, VM_MEM_SRC_ANONYMOUS,
				    guest_test_phys_mem,
				    TEST_MEM_SLOT_INDEX,
				    guest_num_pages,
				    KVM_MEM_LOG_DIRTY_PAGES);

	/* Do mapping for the dirty track memory slot */
	virt_map(vm, guest_test_virt_mem, guest_test_phys_mem, guest_num_pages, 0);

	/* Cache the HVA pointer of the region */
	host_test_mem = addr_gpa2hva(vm, (vm_paddr_t)guest_test_phys_mem);

#ifdef __x86_64__
	vcpu_set_cpuid(vm, VCPU_ID, kvm_get_supported_cpuid());
#endif
	ucall_init(vm, NULL);

	/* Export the shared variables to the guest */
	sync_global_to_guest(vm, host_page_size);
	sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_page_size);
	sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_test_virt_mem);
	sync_global_to_guest(vm, guest_num_pages);

	/* Start the iterations */
	iteration = 1;
	sync_global_to_guest(vm, iteration);
	host_quit = false;
	host_dirty_count = 0;
	host_clear_count = 0;
	host_track_next_count = 0;

	pthread_create(&vcpu_thread, NULL, vcpu_worker, vm);

	while (iteration < iterations) {
		/* Give the vcpu thread some time to dirty some pages */
		usleep(interval * 1000);
		log_mode_collect_dirty_pages(vm, TEST_MEM_SLOT_INDEX,
					     bmap, host_num_pages);
		vm_dirty_log_verify(mode, bmap);
		iteration++;
		sync_global_to_guest(vm, iteration);
	}

	/* Tell the vcpu thread to quit */
	host_quit = true;
	pthread_join(vcpu_thread, NULL);

	pr_info("Total bits checked: dirty (%"PRIu64"), clear (%"PRIu64"), "
		"track_next (%"PRIu64")\n", host_dirty_count, host_clear_count,
		host_track_next_count);

	free(bmap);
	free(host_bmap_track);
	ucall_uninit(vm);
	kvm_vm_free(vm);
}

struct guest_mode {
	bool supported;
	bool enabled;
};
static struct guest_mode guest_modes[NUM_VM_MODES];

#define guest_mode_init(mode, supported, enabled) ({ \
	guest_modes[mode] = (struct guest_mode){ supported, enabled }; \
})

static void help(char *name)
{
	int i;

	puts("");
	printf("usage: %s [-h] [-i iterations] [-I interval] "
	       "[-p offset] [-m mode]\n", name);
	puts("");
	printf(" -i: specify iteration counts (default: %"PRIu64")\n",
	       TEST_HOST_LOOP_N);
	printf(" -I: specify interval in ms (default: %"PRIu64" ms)\n",
	       TEST_HOST_LOOP_INTERVAL);
	printf(" -p: specify guest physical test memory offset\n"
	       "     Warning: a low offset can conflict with the loaded test code.\n");
	printf(" -M: specify the host logging mode "
	       "(default: run all log modes).  Supported modes: \n\t");
	log_modes_dump();
	printf(" -m: specify the guest mode ID to test "
	       "(default: test all supported modes)\n"
	       "     This option may be used multiple times.\n"
	       "     Guest mode IDs:\n");
	for (i = 0; i < NUM_VM_MODES; ++i) {
		printf("         %d:    %s%s\n", i, vm_guest_mode_string(i),
		       guest_modes[i].supported ? " (supported)" : "");
	}
	puts("");
	exit(0);
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	unsigned long iterations = TEST_HOST_LOOP_N;
	unsigned long interval = TEST_HOST_LOOP_INTERVAL;
	bool mode_selected = false;
	uint64_t phys_offset = 0;
	unsigned int mode;
	int opt, i, j;

#ifdef __x86_64__
	guest_mode_init(VM_MODE_PXXV48_4K, true, true);
#endif
#ifdef __aarch64__
	guest_mode_init(VM_MODE_P40V48_4K, true, true);
	guest_mode_init(VM_MODE_P40V48_64K, true, true);

	{
		unsigned int limit = kvm_check_cap(KVM_CAP_ARM_VM_IPA_SIZE);

		if (limit >= 52)
			guest_mode_init(VM_MODE_P52V48_64K, true, true);
		if (limit >= 48) {
			guest_mode_init(VM_MODE_P48V48_4K, true, true);
			guest_mode_init(VM_MODE_P48V48_64K, true, true);
		}
	}
#endif
#ifdef __s390x__
	guest_mode_init(VM_MODE_P40V48_4K, true, true);
#endif

	while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "hi:I:p:m:M:")) != -1) {
		switch (opt) {
		case 'i':
			iterations = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
			break;
		case 'I':
			interval = strtol(optarg, NULL, 10);
			break;
		case 'p':
			phys_offset = strtoull(optarg, NULL, 0);
			break;
		case 'm':
			if (!mode_selected) {
				for (i = 0; i < NUM_VM_MODES; ++i)
					guest_modes[i].enabled = false;
				mode_selected = true;
			}
			mode = strtoul(optarg, NULL, 10);
			TEST_ASSERT(mode < NUM_VM_MODES,
				    "Guest mode ID %d too big", mode);
			guest_modes[mode].enabled = true;
			break;
		case 'M':
			if (!strcmp(optarg, "all")) {
				host_log_mode_option = LOG_MODE_ALL;
				break;
			}
			for (i = 0; i < LOG_MODE_NUM; i++) {
				if (!strcmp(optarg, log_modes[i].name)) {
					pr_info("Setting log mode to: '%s'\n",
						optarg);
					host_log_mode_option = i;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (i == LOG_MODE_NUM) {
				printf("Log mode '%s' invalid. Please choose "
				       "from: ", optarg);
				log_modes_dump();
				exit(1);
			}
			break;
		case 'h':
		default:
			help(argv[0]);
			break;
		}
	}

	TEST_ASSERT(iterations > 2, "Iterations must be greater than two");
	TEST_ASSERT(interval > 0, "Interval must be greater than zero");

	pr_info("Test iterations: %"PRIu64", interval: %"PRIu64" (ms)\n",
		iterations, interval);

	srandom(time(0));

	for (i = 0; i < NUM_VM_MODES; ++i) {
		if (!guest_modes[i].enabled)
			continue;
		TEST_ASSERT(guest_modes[i].supported,
			    "Guest mode ID %d (%s) not supported.",
			    i, vm_guest_mode_string(i));
		if (host_log_mode_option == LOG_MODE_ALL) {
			/* Run each log mode */
			for (j = 0; j < LOG_MODE_NUM; j++) {
				pr_info("Testing Log Mode '%s'\n",
					log_modes[j].name);
				host_log_mode = j;
				run_test(i, iterations, interval, phys_offset);
			}
		} else {
			host_log_mode = host_log_mode_option;
			run_test(i, iterations, interval, phys_offset);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}