drivers/iio/industrialio-core.c

/* The industrial I/O core
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2008 Jonathan Cameron
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * Based on elements of hwmon and input subsystems.
 */

#define pr_fmt(fmt) "iio-core: " fmt

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/idr.h>
#include <linux/kdev_t.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/iio/iio.h>
#include "iio_core.h"
#include "iio_core_trigger.h"
#include <linux/iio/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/iio/events.h>
#include <linux/iio/buffer.h>

/* IDA to assign each registered device a unique id */
static DEFINE_IDA(iio_ida);

static dev_t iio_devt;

#define IIO_DEV_MAX 256
struct bus_type iio_bus_type = {
	.name = "iio",
};
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iio_bus_type);

static struct dentry *iio_debugfs_dentry;

static const char * const iio_direction[] = {
	[0] = "in",
	[1] = "out",
};

static const char * const iio_chan_type_name_spec[] = {
	[IIO_VOLTAGE] = "voltage",
	[IIO_CURRENT] = "current",
	[IIO_POWER] = "power",
	[IIO_ACCEL] = "accel",
	[IIO_ANGL_VEL] = "anglvel",
	[IIO_MAGN] = "magn",
	[IIO_LIGHT] = "illuminance",
	[IIO_INTENSITY] = "intensity",
	[IIO_PROXIMITY] = "proximity",
	[IIO_TEMP] = "temp",
	[IIO_INCLI] = "incli",
	[IIO_ROT] = "rot",
	[IIO_ANGL] = "angl",
	[IIO_TIMESTAMP] = "timestamp",
	[IIO_CAPACITANCE] = "capacitance",
	[IIO_ALTVOLTAGE] = "altvoltage",
	[IIO_CCT] = "cct",
	[IIO_PRESSURE] = "pressure",
	[IIO_HUMIDITYRELATIVE] = "humidityrelative",
	[IIO_ACTIVITY] = "activity",
	[IIO_STEPS] = "steps",
	[IIO_ENERGY] = "energy",
	[IIO_DISTANCE] = "distance",
	[IIO_VELOCITY] = "velocity",
	[IIO_CONCENTRATION] = "concentration",
	[IIO_RESISTANCE] = "resistance",
	[IIO_PH] = "ph",
	[IIO_UVINDEX] = "uvindex",
	[IIO_ELECTRICALCONDUCTIVITY] = "electricalconductivity",
};

static const char * const iio_modifier_names[] = {
	[IIO_MOD_X] = "x",
	[IIO_MOD_Y] = "y",
	[IIO_MOD_Z] = "z",
	[IIO_MOD_X_AND_Y] = "x&y",
	[IIO_MOD_X_AND_Z] = "x&z",
	[IIO_MOD_Y_AND_Z] = "y&z",
	[IIO_MOD_X_AND_Y_AND_Z] = "x&y&z",
	[IIO_MOD_X_OR_Y] = "x|y",
	[IIO_MOD_X_OR_Z] = "x|z",
	[IIO_MOD_Y_OR_Z] = "y|z",
	[IIO_MOD_X_OR_Y_OR_Z] = "x|y|z",
	[IIO_MOD_ROOT_SUM_SQUARED_X_Y] = "sqrt(x^2+y^2)",
	[IIO_MOD_SUM_SQUARED_X_Y_Z] = "x^2+y^2+z^2",
	[IIO_MOD_LIGHT_BOTH] = "both",
	[IIO_MOD_LIGHT_IR] = "ir",
	[IIO_MOD_LIGHT_CLEAR] = "clear",
	[IIO_MOD_LIGHT_RED] = "red",
	[IIO_MOD_LIGHT_GREEN] = "green",
	[IIO_MOD_LIGHT_BLUE] = "blue",
	[IIO_MOD_LIGHT_UV] = "uv",
	[IIO_MOD_QUATERNION] = "quaternion",
	[IIO_MOD_TEMP_AMBIENT] = "ambient",
	[IIO_MOD_TEMP_OBJECT] = "object",
	[IIO_MOD_NORTH_MAGN] = "from_north_magnetic",
	[IIO_MOD_NORTH_TRUE] = "from_north_true",
	[IIO_MOD_NORTH_MAGN_TILT_COMP] = "from_north_magnetic_tilt_comp",
	[IIO_MOD_NORTH_TRUE_TILT_COMP] = "from_north_true_tilt_comp",
	[IIO_MOD_RUNNING] = "running",
	[IIO_MOD_JOGGING] = "jogging",
	[IIO_MOD_WALKING] = "walking",
	[IIO_MOD_STILL] = "still",
	[IIO_MOD_ROOT_SUM_SQUARED_X_Y_Z] = "sqrt(x^2+y^2+z^2)",
	[IIO_MOD_I] = "i",
	[IIO_MOD_Q] = "q",
	[IIO_MOD_CO2] = "co2",
	[IIO_MOD_VOC] = "voc",
};

/* relies on pairs of these shared then separate */
static const char * const iio_chan_info_postfix[] = {
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_RAW] = "raw",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_PROCESSED] = "input",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_SCALE] = "scale",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_OFFSET] = "offset",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_CALIBSCALE] = "calibscale",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_CALIBBIAS] = "calibbias",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_PEAK] = "peak_raw",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_PEAK_SCALE] = "peak_scale",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_QUADRATURE_CORRECTION_RAW] = "quadrature_correction_raw",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_AVERAGE_RAW] = "mean_raw",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_LOW_PASS_FILTER_3DB_FREQUENCY]
	= "filter_low_pass_3db_frequency",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_HIGH_PASS_FILTER_3DB_FREQUENCY]
	= "filter_high_pass_3db_frequency",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_SAMP_FREQ] = "sampling_frequency",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_FREQUENCY] = "frequency",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_PHASE] = "phase",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_HARDWAREGAIN] = "hardwaregain",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_HYSTERESIS] = "hysteresis",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_INT_TIME] = "integration_time",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_ENABLE] = "en",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_CALIBHEIGHT] = "calibheight",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_CALIBWEIGHT] = "calibweight",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_DEBOUNCE_COUNT] = "debounce_count",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_DEBOUNCE_TIME] = "debounce_time",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_CALIBEMISSIVITY] = "calibemissivity",
	[IIO_CHAN_INFO_OVERSAMPLING_RATIO] = "oversampling_ratio",
};

/**
 * iio_find_channel_from_si() - get channel from its scan index
 * @indio_dev:		device
 * @si:			scan index to match
 */
const struct iio_chan_spec
*iio_find_channel_from_si(struct iio_dev *indio_dev, int si)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < indio_dev->num_channels; i++)
		if (indio_dev->channels[i].scan_index == si)
			return &indio_dev->channels[i];
	return NULL;
}

/* This turns up an awful lot */
ssize_t iio_read_const_attr(struct device *dev,
			    struct device_attribute *attr,
			    char *buf)
{
	return sprintf(buf, "%s\n", to_iio_const_attr(attr)->string);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iio_read_const_attr);

static int __init iio_init(void)
{
	int ret;

	/* Register sysfs bus */
	ret  = bus_register(&iio_bus_type);
	if (ret < 0) {
		pr_err("could not register bus type\n");
		goto error_nothing;
	}

	ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&iio_devt, 0, IIO_DEV_MAX, "iio");
	if (ret < 0) {
		pr_err("failed to allocate char dev region\n");
		goto error_unregister_bus_type;
	}

	iio_debugfs_dentry = debugfs_create_dir("iio", NULL);

	return 0;

error_unregister_bus_type:
	bus_unregister(&iio_bus_type);
error_nothing:
	return ret;
}

static void __exit iio_exit(void)
{
	if (iio_devt)
		unregister_chrdev_region(iio_devt, IIO_DEV_MAX);
	bus_unregister(&iio_bus_type);
	debugfs_remove(iio_debugfs_dentry);
}

#if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_FS)
static ssize_t iio_debugfs_read_reg(struct file *file, char __user *userbuf,
			      size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = file->private_data;
	char buf[20];
	unsigned val = 0;
	ssize_t len;
	int ret;

	ret = indio_dev->info->debugfs_reg_access(indio_dev,
						  indio_dev->cached_reg_addr,
						  0, &val);
	if (ret)
		dev_err(indio_dev->dev.parent, "%s: read failed\n", __func__);

	len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "0x%X\n", val);

	return simple_read_from_buffer(userbuf, count, ppos, buf, len);
}

static ssize_t iio_debugfs_write_reg(struct file *file,
		     const char __user *userbuf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = file->private_data;
	unsigned reg, val;
	char buf[80];
	int ret;

	count = min_t(size_t, count, (sizeof(buf)-1));
	if (copy_from_user(buf, userbuf, count))
		return -EFAULT;

	buf[count] = 0;

	ret = sscanf(buf, "%i %i", &reg, &val);

	switch (ret) {
	case 1:
		indio_dev->cached_reg_addr = reg;
		break;
	case 2:
		indio_dev->cached_reg_addr = reg;
		ret = indio_dev->info->debugfs_reg_access(indio_dev, reg,
							  val, NULL);
		if (ret) {
			dev_err(indio_dev->dev.parent, "%s: write failed\n",
				__func__);
			return ret;
		}
		break;
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return count;
}

static const struct file_operations iio_debugfs_reg_fops = {
	.open = simple_open,
	.read = iio_debugfs_read_reg,
	.write = iio_debugfs_write_reg,
};

static void iio_device_unregister_debugfs(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	debugfs_remove_recursive(indio_dev->debugfs_dentry);
}

static int iio_device_register_debugfs(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	struct dentry *d;

	if (indio_dev->info->debugfs_reg_access == NULL)
		return 0;

	if (!iio_debugfs_dentry)
		return 0;

	indio_dev->debugfs_dentry =
		debugfs_create_dir(dev_name(&indio_dev->dev),
				   iio_debugfs_dentry);
	if (indio_dev->debugfs_dentry == NULL) {
		dev_warn(indio_dev->dev.parent,
			 "Failed to create debugfs directory\n");
		return -EFAULT;
	}

	d = debugfs_create_file("direct_reg_access", 0644,
				indio_dev->debugfs_dentry,
				indio_dev, &iio_debugfs_reg_fops);
	if (!d) {
		iio_device_unregister_debugfs(indio_dev);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	return 0;
}
#else
static int iio_device_register_debugfs(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	return 0;
}

static void iio_device_unregister_debugfs(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
}
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_FS */

static ssize_t iio_read_channel_ext_info(struct device *dev,
				     struct device_attribute *attr,
				     char *buf)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_to_iio_dev(dev);
	struct iio_dev_attr *this_attr = to_iio_dev_attr(attr);
	const struct iio_chan_spec_ext_info *ext_info;

	ext_info = &this_attr->c->ext_info[this_attr->address];

	return ext_info->read(indio_dev, ext_info->private, this_attr->c, buf);
}

static ssize_t iio_write_channel_ext_info(struct device *dev,
				     struct device_attribute *attr,
				     const char *buf,
					 size_t len)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_to_iio_dev(dev);
	struct iio_dev_attr *this_attr = to_iio_dev_attr(attr);
	const struct iio_chan_spec_ext_info *ext_info;

	ext_info = &this_attr->c->ext_info[this_attr->address];

	return ext_info->write(indio_dev, ext_info->private,
			       this_attr->c, buf, len);
}

ssize_t iio_enum_available_read(struct iio_dev *indio_dev,
	uintptr_t priv, const struct iio_chan_spec *chan, char *buf)
{
	const struct iio_enum *e = (const struct iio_enum *)priv;
	unsigned int i;
	size_t len = 0;

	if (!e->num_items)
		return 0;

	for (i = 0; i < e->num_items; ++i)
		len += scnprintf(buf + len, PAGE_SIZE - len, "%s ", e->items[i]);

	/* replace last space with a newline */
	buf[len - 1] = '\n';

	return len;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_enum_available_read);

ssize_t iio_enum_read(struct iio_dev *indio_dev,
	uintptr_t priv, const struct iio_chan_spec *chan, char *buf)
{
	const struct iio_enum *e = (const struct iio_enum *)priv;
	int i;

	if (!e->get)
		return -EINVAL;

	i = e->get(indio_dev, chan);
	if (i < 0)
		return i;
	else if (i >= e->num_items)
		return -EINVAL;

	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", e->items[i]);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_enum_read);

ssize_t iio_enum_write(struct iio_dev *indio_dev,
	uintptr_t priv, const struct iio_chan_spec *chan, const char *buf,
	size_t len)
{
	const struct iio_enum *e = (const struct iio_enum *)priv;
	unsigned int i;
	int ret;

	if (!e->set)
		return -EINVAL;

	for (i = 0; i < e->num_items; i++) {
		if (sysfs_streq(buf, e->items[i]))
			break;
	}

	if (i == e->num_items)
		return -EINVAL;

	ret = e->set(indio_dev, chan, i);
	return ret ? ret : len;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_enum_write);

static const struct iio_mount_matrix iio_mount_idmatrix = {
	.rotation = {
		"1", "0", "0",
		"0", "1", "0",
		"0", "0", "1"
	}
};

static int iio_setup_mount_idmatrix(const struct device *dev,
				    struct iio_mount_matrix *matrix)
{
	*matrix = iio_mount_idmatrix;
	dev_info(dev, "mounting matrix not found: using identity...\n");
	return 0;
}

ssize_t iio_show_mount_matrix(struct iio_dev *indio_dev, uintptr_t priv,
			      const struct iio_chan_spec *chan, char *buf)
{
	const struct iio_mount_matrix *mtx = ((iio_get_mount_matrix_t *)
					      priv)(indio_dev, chan);

	if (IS_ERR(mtx))
		return PTR_ERR(mtx);

	if (!mtx)
		mtx = &iio_mount_idmatrix;

	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s, %s, %s; %s, %s, %s; %s, %s, %s\n",
			mtx->rotation[0], mtx->rotation[1], mtx->rotation[2],
			mtx->rotation[3], mtx->rotation[4], mtx->rotation[5],
			mtx->rotation[6], mtx->rotation[7], mtx->rotation[8]);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_show_mount_matrix);

/**
 * of_iio_read_mount_matrix() - retrieve iio device mounting matrix from
 *                              device-tree "mount-matrix" property
 * @dev:	device the mounting matrix property is assigned to
 * @propname:	device specific mounting matrix property name
 * @matrix:	where to store retrieved matrix
 *
 * If device is assigned no mounting matrix property, a default 3x3 identity
 * matrix will be filled in.
 *
 * Return: 0 if success, or a negative error code on failure.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_OF
int of_iio_read_mount_matrix(const struct device *dev,
			     const char *propname,
			     struct iio_mount_matrix *matrix)
{
	if (dev->of_node) {
		int err = of_property_read_string_array(dev->of_node,
				propname, matrix->rotation,
				ARRAY_SIZE(iio_mount_idmatrix.rotation));

		if (err == ARRAY_SIZE(iio_mount_idmatrix.rotation))
			return 0;

		if (err >= 0)
			/* Invalid number of matrix entries. */
			return -EINVAL;

		if (err != -EINVAL)
			/* Invalid matrix declaration format. */
			return err;
	}

	/* Matrix was not declared at all: fallback to identity. */
	return iio_setup_mount_idmatrix(dev, matrix);
}
#else
int of_iio_read_mount_matrix(const struct device *dev,
			     const char *propname,
			     struct iio_mount_matrix *matrix)
{
	return iio_setup_mount_idmatrix(dev, matrix);
}
#endif
EXPORT_SYMBOL(of_iio_read_mount_matrix);

/**
 * iio_format_value() - Formats a IIO value into its string representation
 * @buf:	The buffer to which the formatted value gets written
 * @type:	One of the IIO_VAL_... constants. This decides how the val
 *		and val2 parameters are formatted.
 * @size:	Number of IIO value entries contained in vals
 * @vals:	Pointer to the values, exact meaning depends on the
 *		type parameter.
 *
 * Return: 0 by default, a negative number on failure or the
 *	   total number of characters written for a type that belongs
 *	   to the IIO_VAL_... constant.
 */
ssize_t iio_format_value(char *buf, unsigned int type, int size, int *vals)
{
	unsigned long long tmp;
	bool scale_db = false;

	switch (type) {
	case IIO_VAL_INT:
		return sprintf(buf, "%d\n", vals[0]);
	case IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_MICRO_DB:
		scale_db = true;
	case IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_MICRO:
		if (vals[1] < 0)
			return sprintf(buf, "-%d.%06u%s\n", abs(vals[0]),
				       -vals[1], scale_db ? " dB" : "");
		else
			return sprintf(buf, "%d.%06u%s\n", vals[0], vals[1],
				scale_db ? " dB" : "");
	case IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_NANO:
		if (vals[1] < 0)
			return sprintf(buf, "-%d.%09u\n", abs(vals[0]),
				       -vals[1]);
		else
			return sprintf(buf, "%d.%09u\n", vals[0], vals[1]);
	case IIO_VAL_FRACTIONAL:
		tmp = div_s64((s64)vals[0] * 1000000000LL, vals[1]);
		vals[1] = do_div(tmp, 1000000000LL);
		vals[0] = tmp;
		return sprintf(buf, "%d.%09u\n", vals[0], vals[1]);
	case IIO_VAL_FRACTIONAL_LOG2:
		tmp = (s64)vals[0] * 1000000000LL >> vals[1];
		vals[1] = do_div(tmp, 1000000000LL);
		vals[0] = tmp;
		return sprintf(buf, "%d.%09u\n", vals[0], vals[1]);
	case IIO_VAL_INT_MULTIPLE:
	{
		int i;
		int len = 0;

		for (i = 0; i < size; ++i)
			len += snprintf(&buf[len], PAGE_SIZE - len, "%d ",
								vals[i]);
		len += snprintf(&buf[len], PAGE_SIZE - len, "\n");
		return len;
	}
	default:
		return 0;
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_format_value);

static ssize_t iio_read_channel_info(struct device *dev,
				     struct device_attribute *attr,
				     char *buf)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_to_iio_dev(dev);
	struct iio_dev_attr *this_attr = to_iio_dev_attr(attr);
	int vals[INDIO_MAX_RAW_ELEMENTS];
	int ret;
	int val_len = 2;

	if (indio_dev->info->read_raw_multi)
		ret = indio_dev->info->read_raw_multi(indio_dev, this_attr->c,
							INDIO_MAX_RAW_ELEMENTS,
							vals, &val_len,
							this_attr->address);
	else
		ret = indio_dev->info->read_raw(indio_dev, this_attr->c,
				    &vals[0], &vals[1], this_attr->address);

	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	return iio_format_value(buf, ret, val_len, vals);
}

/**
 * iio_str_to_fixpoint() - Parse a fixed-point number from a string
 * @str: The string to parse
 * @fract_mult: Multiplier for the first decimal place, should be a power of 10
 * @integer: The integer part of the number
 * @fract: The fractional part of the number
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, or a negative error code if the string could not be
 * parsed.
 */
int iio_str_to_fixpoint(const char *str, int fract_mult,
	int *integer, int *fract)
{
	int i = 0, f = 0;
	bool integer_part = true, negative = false;

	if (fract_mult == 0) {
		*fract = 0;

		return kstrtoint(str, 0, integer);
	}

	if (str[0] == '-') {
		negative = true;
		str++;
	} else if (str[0] == '+') {
		str++;
	}

	while (*str) {
		if ('0' <= *str && *str <= '9') {
			if (integer_part) {
				i = i * 10 + *str - '0';
			} else {
				f += fract_mult * (*str - '0');
				fract_mult /= 10;
			}
		} else if (*str == '\n') {
			if (*(str + 1) == '\0')
				break;
			else
				return -EINVAL;
		} else if (*str == '.' && integer_part) {
			integer_part = false;
		} else {
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		str++;
	}

	if (negative) {
		if (i)
			i = -i;
		else
			f = -f;
	}

	*integer = i;
	*fract = f;

	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_str_to_fixpoint);

static ssize_t iio_write_channel_info(struct device *dev,
				      struct device_attribute *attr,
				      const char *buf,
				      size_t len)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_to_iio_dev(dev);
	struct iio_dev_attr *this_attr = to_iio_dev_attr(attr);
	int ret, fract_mult = 100000;
	int integer, fract;

	/* Assumes decimal - precision based on number of digits */
	if (!indio_dev->info->write_raw)
		return -EINVAL;

	if (indio_dev->info->write_raw_get_fmt)
		switch (indio_dev->info->write_raw_get_fmt(indio_dev,
			this_attr->c, this_attr->address)) {
		case IIO_VAL_INT:
			fract_mult = 0;
			break;
		case IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_MICRO:
			fract_mult = 100000;
			break;
		case IIO_VAL_INT_PLUS_NANO:
			fract_mult = 100000000;
			break;
		default:
			return -EINVAL;
		}

	ret = iio_str_to_fixpoint(buf, fract_mult, &integer, &fract);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = indio_dev->info->write_raw(indio_dev, this_attr->c,
					 integer, fract, this_attr->address);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	return len;
}

static
int __iio_device_attr_init(struct device_attribute *dev_attr,
			   const char *postfix,
			   struct iio_chan_spec const *chan,
			   ssize_t (*readfunc)(struct device *dev,
					       struct device_attribute *attr,
					       char *buf),
			   ssize_t (*writefunc)(struct device *dev,
						struct device_attribute *attr,
						const char *buf,
						size_t len),
			   enum iio_shared_by shared_by)
{
	int ret = 0;
	char *name = NULL;
	char *full_postfix;
	sysfs_attr_init(&dev_attr->attr);

	/* Build up postfix of <extend_name>_<modifier>_postfix */
	if (chan->modified && (shared_by == IIO_SEPARATE)) {
		if (chan->extend_name)
			full_postfix = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s_%s",
						 iio_modifier_names[chan
								    ->channel2],
						 chan->extend_name,
						 postfix);
		else
			full_postfix = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s",
						 iio_modifier_names[chan
								    ->channel2],
						 postfix);
	} else {
		if (chan->extend_name == NULL || shared_by != IIO_SEPARATE)
			full_postfix = kstrdup(postfix, GFP_KERNEL);
		else
			full_postfix = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL,
						 "%s_%s",
						 chan->extend_name,
						 postfix);
	}
	if (full_postfix == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;

	if (chan->differential) { /* Differential can not have modifier */
		switch (shared_by) {
		case IIO_SHARED_BY_ALL:
			name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s", full_postfix);
			break;
		case IIO_SHARED_BY_DIR:
			name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s",
						iio_direction[chan->output],
						full_postfix);
			break;
		case IIO_SHARED_BY_TYPE:
			name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s-%s_%s",
					    iio_direction[chan->output],
					    iio_chan_type_name_spec[chan->type],
					    iio_chan_type_name_spec[chan->type],
					    full_postfix);
			break;
		case IIO_SEPARATE:
			if (!chan->indexed) {
				WARN(1, "Differential channels must be indexed\n");
				ret = -EINVAL;
				goto error_free_full_postfix;
			}
			name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL,
					    "%s_%s%d-%s%d_%s",
					    iio_direction[chan->output],
					    iio_chan_type_name_spec[chan->type],
					    chan->channel,
					    iio_chan_type_name_spec[chan->type],
					    chan->channel2,
					    full_postfix);
			break;
		}
	} else { /* Single ended */
		switch (shared_by) {
		case IIO_SHARED_BY_ALL:
			name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s", full_postfix);
			break;
		case IIO_SHARED_BY_DIR:
			name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s",
						iio_direction[chan->output],
						full_postfix);
			break;
		case IIO_SHARED_BY_TYPE:
			name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s_%s",
					    iio_direction[chan->output],
					    iio_chan_type_name_spec[chan->type],
					    full_postfix);
			break;

		case IIO_SEPARATE:
			if (chan->indexed)
				name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s%d_%s",
						    iio_direction[chan->output],
						    iio_chan_type_name_spec[chan->type],
						    chan->channel,
						    full_postfix);
			else
				name = kasprintf(GFP_KERNEL, "%s_%s_%s",
						    iio_direction[chan->output],
						    iio_chan_type_name_spec[chan->type],
						    full_postfix);
			break;
		}
	}
	if (name == NULL) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto error_free_full_postfix;
	}
	dev_attr->attr.name = name;

	if (readfunc) {
		dev_attr->attr.mode |= S_IRUGO;
		dev_attr->show = readfunc;
	}

	if (writefunc) {
		dev_attr->attr.mode |= S_IWUSR;
		dev_attr->store = writefunc;
	}

error_free_full_postfix:
	kfree(full_postfix);

	return ret;
}

static void __iio_device_attr_deinit(struct device_attribute *dev_attr)
{
	kfree(dev_attr->attr.name);
}

int __iio_add_chan_devattr(const char *postfix,
			   struct iio_chan_spec const *chan,
			   ssize_t (*readfunc)(struct device *dev,
					       struct device_attribute *attr,
					       char *buf),
			   ssize_t (*writefunc)(struct device *dev,
						struct device_attribute *attr,
						const char *buf,
						size_t len),
			   u64 mask,
			   enum iio_shared_by shared_by,
			   struct device *dev,
			   struct list_head *attr_list)
{
	int ret;
	struct iio_dev_attr *iio_attr, *t;

	iio_attr = kzalloc(sizeof(*iio_attr), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (iio_attr == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	ret = __iio_device_attr_init(&iio_attr->dev_attr,
				     postfix, chan,
				     readfunc, writefunc, shared_by);
	if (ret)
		goto error_iio_dev_attr_free;
	iio_attr->c = chan;
	iio_attr->address = mask;
	list_for_each_entry(t, attr_list, l)
		if (strcmp(t->dev_attr.attr.name,
			   iio_attr->dev_attr.attr.name) == 0) {
			if (shared_by == IIO_SEPARATE)
				dev_err(dev, "tried to double register : %s\n",
					t->dev_attr.attr.name);
			ret = -EBUSY;
			goto error_device_attr_deinit;
		}
	list_add(&iio_attr->l, attr_list);

	return 0;

error_device_attr_deinit:
	__iio_device_attr_deinit(&iio_attr->dev_attr);
error_iio_dev_attr_free:
	kfree(iio_attr);
	return ret;
}

static int iio_device_add_info_mask_type(struct iio_dev *indio_dev,
					 struct iio_chan_spec const *chan,
					 enum iio_shared_by shared_by,
					 const long *infomask)
{
	int i, ret, attrcount = 0;

	for_each_set_bit(i, infomask, sizeof(infomask)*8) {
		if (i >= ARRAY_SIZE(iio_chan_info_postfix))
			return -EINVAL;
		ret = __iio_add_chan_devattr(iio_chan_info_postfix[i],
					     chan,
					     &iio_read_channel_info,
					     &iio_write_channel_info,
					     i,
					     shared_by,
					     &indio_dev->dev,
					     &indio_dev->channel_attr_list);
		if ((ret == -EBUSY) && (shared_by != IIO_SEPARATE))
			continue;
		else if (ret < 0)
			return ret;
		attrcount++;
	}

	return attrcount;
}

static int iio_device_add_channel_sysfs(struct iio_dev *indio_dev,
					struct iio_chan_spec const *chan)
{
	int ret, attrcount = 0;
	const struct iio_chan_spec_ext_info *ext_info;

	if (chan->channel < 0)
		return 0;
	ret = iio_device_add_info_mask_type(indio_dev, chan,
					    IIO_SEPARATE,
					    &chan->info_mask_separate);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	attrcount += ret;

	ret = iio_device_add_info_mask_type(indio_dev, chan,
					    IIO_SHARED_BY_TYPE,
					    &chan->info_mask_shared_by_type);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	attrcount += ret;

	ret = iio_device_add_info_mask_type(indio_dev, chan,
					    IIO_SHARED_BY_DIR,
					    &chan->info_mask_shared_by_dir);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	attrcount += ret;

	ret = iio_device_add_info_mask_type(indio_dev, chan,
					    IIO_SHARED_BY_ALL,
					    &chan->info_mask_shared_by_all);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;
	attrcount += ret;

	if (chan->ext_info) {
		unsigned int i = 0;
		for (ext_info = chan->ext_info; ext_info->name; ext_info++) {
			ret = __iio_add_chan_devattr(ext_info->name,
					chan,
					ext_info->read ?
					    &iio_read_channel_ext_info : NULL,
					ext_info->write ?
					    &iio_write_channel_ext_info : NULL,
					i,
					ext_info->shared,
					&indio_dev->dev,
					&indio_dev->channel_attr_list);
			i++;
			if (ret == -EBUSY && ext_info->shared)
				continue;

			if (ret)
				return ret;

			attrcount++;
		}
	}

	return attrcount;
}

/**
 * iio_free_chan_devattr_list() - Free a list of IIO device attributes
 * @attr_list: List of IIO device attributes
 *
 * This function frees the memory allocated for each of the IIO device
 * attributes in the list.
 */
void iio_free_chan_devattr_list(struct list_head *attr_list)
{
	struct iio_dev_attr *p, *n;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(p, n, attr_list, l) {
		kfree(p->dev_attr.attr.name);
		list_del(&p->l);
		kfree(p);
	}
}

static ssize_t iio_show_dev_name(struct device *dev,
				 struct device_attribute *attr,
				 char *buf)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_to_iio_dev(dev);
	return snprintf(buf, PAGE_SIZE, "%s\n", indio_dev->name);
}

static DEVICE_ATTR(name, S_IRUGO, iio_show_dev_name, NULL);

static int iio_device_register_sysfs(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	int i, ret = 0, attrcount, attrn, attrcount_orig = 0;
	struct iio_dev_attr *p;
	struct attribute **attr;

	/* First count elements in any existing group */
	if (indio_dev->info->attrs) {
		attr = indio_dev->info->attrs->attrs;
		while (*attr++ != NULL)
			attrcount_orig++;
	}
	attrcount = attrcount_orig;
	/*
	 * New channel registration method - relies on the fact a group does
	 * not need to be initialized if its name is NULL.
	 */
	if (indio_dev->channels)
		for (i = 0; i < indio_dev->num_channels; i++) {
			ret = iio_device_add_channel_sysfs(indio_dev,
							   &indio_dev
							   ->channels[i]);
			if (ret < 0)
				goto error_clear_attrs;
			attrcount += ret;
		}

	if (indio_dev->name)
		attrcount++;

	indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs = kcalloc(attrcount + 1,
						   sizeof(indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs[0]),
						   GFP_KERNEL);
	if (indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs == NULL) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto error_clear_attrs;
	}
	/* Copy across original attributes */
	if (indio_dev->info->attrs)
		memcpy(indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs,
		       indio_dev->info->attrs->attrs,
		       sizeof(indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs[0])
		       *attrcount_orig);
	attrn = attrcount_orig;
	/* Add all elements from the list. */
	list_for_each_entry(p, &indio_dev->channel_attr_list, l)
		indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs[attrn++] = &p->dev_attr.attr;
	if (indio_dev->name)
		indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs[attrn++] = &dev_attr_name.attr;

	indio_dev->groups[indio_dev->groupcounter++] =
		&indio_dev->chan_attr_group;

	return 0;

error_clear_attrs:
	iio_free_chan_devattr_list(&indio_dev->channel_attr_list);

	return ret;
}

static void iio_device_unregister_sysfs(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{

	iio_free_chan_devattr_list(&indio_dev->channel_attr_list);
	kfree(indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs);
	indio_dev->chan_attr_group.attrs = NULL;
}

static void iio_dev_release(struct device *device)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = dev_to_iio_dev(device);
	if (indio_dev->modes & (INDIO_BUFFER_TRIGGERED | INDIO_EVENT_TRIGGERED))
		iio_device_unregister_trigger_consumer(indio_dev);
	iio_device_unregister_eventset(indio_dev);
	iio_device_unregister_sysfs(indio_dev);

	iio_buffer_put(indio_dev->buffer);

	ida_simple_remove(&iio_ida, indio_dev->id);
	kfree(indio_dev);
}

struct device_type iio_device_type = {
	.name = "iio_device",
	.release = iio_dev_release,
};

/**
 * iio_device_alloc() - allocate an iio_dev from a driver
 * @sizeof_priv:	Space to allocate for private structure.
 **/
struct iio_dev *iio_device_alloc(int sizeof_priv)
{
	struct iio_dev *dev;
	size_t alloc_size;

	alloc_size = sizeof(struct iio_dev);
	if (sizeof_priv) {
		alloc_size = ALIGN(alloc_size, IIO_ALIGN);
		alloc_size += sizeof_priv;
	}
	/* ensure 32-byte alignment of whole construct ? */
	alloc_size += IIO_ALIGN - 1;

	dev = kzalloc(alloc_size, GFP_KERNEL);

	if (dev) {
		dev->dev.groups = dev->groups;
		dev->dev.type = &iio_device_type;
		dev->dev.bus = &iio_bus_type;
		device_initialize(&dev->dev);
		dev_set_drvdata(&dev->dev, (void *)dev);
		mutex_init(&dev->mlock);
		mutex_init(&dev->info_exist_lock);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->channel_attr_list);

		dev->id = ida_simple_get(&iio_ida, 0, 0, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (dev->id < 0) {
			/* cannot use a dev_err as the name isn't available */
			pr_err("failed to get device id\n");
			kfree(dev);
			return NULL;
		}
		dev_set_name(&dev->dev, "iio:device%d", dev->id);
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&dev->buffer_list);
	}

	return dev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iio_device_alloc);

/**
 * iio_device_free() - free an iio_dev from a driver
 * @dev:		the iio_dev associated with the device
 **/
void iio_device_free(struct iio_dev *dev)
{
	if (dev)
		put_device(&dev->dev);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iio_device_free);

static void devm_iio_device_release(struct device *dev, void *res)
{
	iio_device_free(*(struct iio_dev **)res);
}

static int devm_iio_device_match(struct device *dev, void *res, void *data)
{
	struct iio_dev **r = res;
	if (!r || !*r) {
		WARN_ON(!r || !*r);
		return 0;
	}
	return *r == data;
}

/**
 * devm_iio_device_alloc - Resource-managed iio_device_alloc()
 * @dev:		Device to allocate iio_dev for
 * @sizeof_priv:	Space to allocate for private structure.
 *
 * Managed iio_device_alloc. iio_dev allocated with this function is
 * automatically freed on driver detach.
 *
 * If an iio_dev allocated with this function needs to be freed separately,
 * devm_iio_device_free() must be used.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * Pointer to allocated iio_dev on success, NULL on failure.
 */
struct iio_dev *devm_iio_device_alloc(struct device *dev, int sizeof_priv)
{
	struct iio_dev **ptr, *iio_dev;

	ptr = devres_alloc(devm_iio_device_release, sizeof(*ptr),
			   GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ptr)
		return NULL;

	iio_dev = iio_device_alloc(sizeof_priv);
	if (iio_dev) {
		*ptr = iio_dev;
		devres_add(dev, ptr);
	} else {
		devres_free(ptr);
	}

	return iio_dev;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_iio_device_alloc);

/**
 * devm_iio_device_free - Resource-managed iio_device_free()
 * @dev:		Device this iio_dev belongs to
 * @iio_dev:		the iio_dev associated with the device
 *
 * Free iio_dev allocated with devm_iio_device_alloc().
 */
void devm_iio_device_free(struct device *dev, struct iio_dev *iio_dev)
{
	int rc;

	rc = devres_release(dev, devm_iio_device_release,
			    devm_iio_device_match, iio_dev);
	WARN_ON(rc);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_iio_device_free);

/**
 * iio_chrdev_open() - chrdev file open for buffer access and ioctls
 * @inode:	Inode structure for identifying the device in the file system
 * @filp:	File structure for iio device used to keep and later access
 *		private data
 *
 * Return: 0 on success or -EBUSY if the device is already opened
 **/
static int iio_chrdev_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev,
						struct iio_dev, chrdev);

	if (test_and_set_bit(IIO_BUSY_BIT_POS, &indio_dev->flags))
		return -EBUSY;

	iio_device_get(indio_dev);

	filp->private_data = indio_dev;

	return 0;
}

/**
 * iio_chrdev_release() - chrdev file close buffer access and ioctls
 * @inode:	Inode structure pointer for the char device
 * @filp:	File structure pointer for the char device
 *
 * Return: 0 for successful release
 */
static int iio_chrdev_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev,
						struct iio_dev, chrdev);
	clear_bit(IIO_BUSY_BIT_POS, &indio_dev->flags);
	iio_device_put(indio_dev);

	return 0;
}

/* Somewhat of a cross file organization violation - ioctls here are actually
 * event related */
static long iio_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
	struct iio_dev *indio_dev = filp->private_data;
	int __user *ip = (int __user *)arg;
	int fd;

	if (!indio_dev->info)
		return -ENODEV;

	if (cmd == IIO_GET_EVENT_FD_IOCTL) {
		fd = iio_event_getfd(indio_dev);
		if (fd < 0)
			return fd;
		if (copy_to_user(ip, &fd, sizeof(fd)))
			return -EFAULT;
		return 0;
	}
	return -EINVAL;
}

static const struct file_operations iio_buffer_fileops = {
	.read = iio_buffer_read_first_n_outer_addr,
	.release = iio_chrdev_release,
	.open = iio_chrdev_open,
	.poll = iio_buffer_poll_addr,
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.llseek = noop_llseek,
	.unlocked_ioctl = iio_ioctl,
	.compat_ioctl = iio_ioctl,
};

static int iio_check_unique_scan_index(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	int i, j;
	const struct iio_chan_spec *channels = indio_dev->channels;

	if (!(indio_dev->modes & INDIO_ALL_BUFFER_MODES))
		return 0;

	for (i = 0; i < indio_dev->num_channels - 1; i++) {
		if (channels[i].scan_index < 0)
			continue;
		for (j = i + 1; j < indio_dev->num_channels; j++)
			if (channels[i].scan_index == channels[j].scan_index) {
				dev_err(&indio_dev->dev,
					"Duplicate scan index %d\n",
					channels[i].scan_index);
				return -EINVAL;
			}
	}

	return 0;
}

static const struct iio_buffer_setup_ops noop_ring_setup_ops;

/**
 * iio_device_register() - register a device with the IIO subsystem
 * @indio_dev:		Device structure filled by the device driver
 **/
int iio_device_register(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	int ret;

	/* If the calling driver did not initialize of_node, do it here */
	if (!indio_dev->dev.of_node && indio_dev->dev.parent)
		indio_dev->dev.of_node = indio_dev->dev.parent->of_node;

	ret = iio_check_unique_scan_index(indio_dev);
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	/* configure elements for the chrdev */
	indio_dev->dev.devt = MKDEV(MAJOR(iio_devt), indio_dev->id);

	ret = iio_device_register_debugfs(indio_dev);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(indio_dev->dev.parent,
			"Failed to register debugfs interfaces\n");
		return ret;
	}

	ret = iio_buffer_alloc_sysfs_and_mask(indio_dev);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(indio_dev->dev.parent,
			"Failed to create buffer sysfs interfaces\n");
		goto error_unreg_debugfs;
	}

	ret = iio_device_register_sysfs(indio_dev);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(indio_dev->dev.parent,
			"Failed to register sysfs interfaces\n");
		goto error_buffer_free_sysfs;
	}
	ret = iio_device_register_eventset(indio_dev);
	if (ret) {
		dev_err(indio_dev->dev.parent,
			"Failed to register event set\n");
		goto error_free_sysfs;
	}
	if (indio_dev->modes & (INDIO_BUFFER_TRIGGERED | INDIO_EVENT_TRIGGERED))
		iio_device_register_trigger_consumer(indio_dev);

	if ((indio_dev->modes & INDIO_ALL_BUFFER_MODES) &&
		indio_dev->setup_ops == NULL)
		indio_dev->setup_ops = &noop_ring_setup_ops;

	cdev_init(&indio_dev->chrdev, &iio_buffer_fileops);
	indio_dev->chrdev.owner = indio_dev->info->driver_module;
	indio_dev->chrdev.kobj.parent = &indio_dev->dev.kobj;
	ret = cdev_add(&indio_dev->chrdev, indio_dev->dev.devt, 1);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error_unreg_eventset;

	ret = device_add(&indio_dev->dev);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error_cdev_del;

	return 0;
error_cdev_del:
	cdev_del(&indio_dev->chrdev);
error_unreg_eventset:
	iio_device_unregister_eventset(indio_dev);
error_free_sysfs:
	iio_device_unregister_sysfs(indio_dev);
error_buffer_free_sysfs:
	iio_buffer_free_sysfs_and_mask(indio_dev);
error_unreg_debugfs:
	iio_device_unregister_debugfs(indio_dev);
	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iio_device_register);

/**
 * iio_device_unregister() - unregister a device from the IIO subsystem
 * @indio_dev:		Device structure representing the device.
 **/
void iio_device_unregister(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	mutex_lock(&indio_dev->info_exist_lock);

	device_del(&indio_dev->dev);

	if (indio_dev->chrdev.dev)
		cdev_del(&indio_dev->chrdev);
	iio_device_unregister_debugfs(indio_dev);

	iio_disable_all_buffers(indio_dev);

	indio_dev->info = NULL;

	iio_device_wakeup_eventset(indio_dev);
	iio_buffer_wakeup_poll(indio_dev);

	mutex_unlock(&indio_dev->info_exist_lock);

	iio_buffer_free_sysfs_and_mask(indio_dev);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(iio_device_unregister);

static void devm_iio_device_unreg(struct device *dev, void *res)
{
	iio_device_unregister(*(struct iio_dev **)res);
}

/**
 * devm_iio_device_register - Resource-managed iio_device_register()
 * @dev:	Device to allocate iio_dev for
 * @indio_dev:	Device structure filled by the device driver
 *
 * Managed iio_device_register.  The IIO device registered with this
 * function is automatically unregistered on driver detach. This function
 * calls iio_device_register() internally. Refer to that function for more
 * information.
 *
 * If an iio_dev registered with this function needs to be unregistered
 * separately, devm_iio_device_unregister() must be used.
 *
 * RETURNS:
 * 0 on success, negative error number on failure.
 */
int devm_iio_device_register(struct device *dev, struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	struct iio_dev **ptr;
	int ret;

	ptr = devres_alloc(devm_iio_device_unreg, sizeof(*ptr), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ptr)
		return -ENOMEM;

	*ptr = indio_dev;
	ret = iio_device_register(indio_dev);
	if (!ret)
		devres_add(dev, ptr);
	else
		devres_free(ptr);

	return ret;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_iio_device_register);

/**
 * devm_iio_device_unregister - Resource-managed iio_device_unregister()
 * @dev:	Device this iio_dev belongs to
 * @indio_dev:	the iio_dev associated with the device
 *
 * Unregister iio_dev registered with devm_iio_device_register().
 */
void devm_iio_device_unregister(struct device *dev, struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	int rc;

	rc = devres_release(dev, devm_iio_device_unreg,
			    devm_iio_device_match, indio_dev);
	WARN_ON(rc);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(devm_iio_device_unregister);

/**
 * iio_device_claim_direct_mode - Keep device in direct mode
 * @indio_dev:	the iio_dev associated with the device
 *
 * If the device is in direct mode it is guaranteed to stay
 * that way until iio_device_release_direct_mode() is called.
 *
 * Use with iio_device_release_direct_mode()
 *
 * Returns: 0 on success, -EBUSY on failure
 */
int iio_device_claim_direct_mode(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	mutex_lock(&indio_dev->mlock);

	if (iio_buffer_enabled(indio_dev)) {
		mutex_unlock(&indio_dev->mlock);
		return -EBUSY;
	}
	return 0;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_device_claim_direct_mode);

/**
 * iio_device_release_direct_mode - releases claim on direct mode
 * @indio_dev:	the iio_dev associated with the device
 *
 * Release the claim. Device is no longer guaranteed to stay
 * in direct mode.
 *
 * Use with iio_device_claim_direct_mode()
 */
void iio_device_release_direct_mode(struct iio_dev *indio_dev)
{
	mutex_unlock(&indio_dev->mlock);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(iio_device_release_direct_mode);

subsys_initcall(iio_init);
module_exit(iio_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Jonathan Cameron <jic23@kernel.org>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Industrial I/O core");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");