| .. SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 |
| |
| ========================== |
| General Filesystem Caching |
| ========================== |
| |
| Overview |
| ======== |
| |
| This facility is a general purpose cache for network filesystems, though it |
| could be used for caching other things such as ISO9660 filesystems too. |
| |
| FS-Cache mediates between cache backends (such as CacheFiles) and network |
| filesystems:: |
| |
| +---------+ |
| | | +--------------+ |
| | NFS |--+ | | |
| | | | +-->| CacheFS | |
| +---------+ | +----------+ | | /dev/hda5 | |
| | | | | +--------------+ |
| +---------+ +-------------->| | | |
| | | +-------+ | |--+ |
| | AFS |----->| | | FS-Cache | |
| | | | netfs |-->| |--+ |
| +---------+ +-->| lib | | | | |
| | | | | | | +--------------+ |
| +---------+ | +-------+ +----------+ | | | |
| | | | +-->| CacheFiles | |
| | 9P |--+ | /var/cache | |
| | | +--------------+ |
| +---------+ |
| |
| Or to look at it another way, FS-Cache is a module that provides a caching |
| facility to a network filesystem such that the cache is transparent to the |
| user:: |
| |
| +---------+ |
| | | |
| | Server | |
| | | |
| +---------+ |
| | NETWORK |
| ~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| | |
| | +----------+ |
| V | | |
| +---------+ | | |
| | | | | |
| | NFS |----->| FS-Cache | |
| | | | |--+ |
| +---------+ | | | +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| | | | | | | | | |
| V +----------+ +-->| CacheFiles |-->| Ext3 | |
| +---------+ | /var/cache | | /dev/sda6 | |
| | | +--------------+ +--------------+ |
| | VFS | ^ ^ |
| | | | | |
| +---------+ +--------------+ | |
| | KERNEL SPACE | | |
| ~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~|~~~~ |
| | USER SPACE | | |
| V | | |
| +---------+ +--------------+ |
| | | | | |
| | Process | | cachefilesd | |
| | | | | |
| +---------+ +--------------+ |
| |
| |
| FS-Cache does not follow the idea of completely loading every netfs file |
| opened in its entirety into a cache before permitting it to be accessed and |
| then serving the pages out of that cache rather than the netfs inode because: |
| |
| (1) It must be practical to operate without a cache. |
| |
| (2) The size of any accessible file must not be limited to the size of the |
| cache. |
| |
| (3) The combined size of all opened files (this includes mapped libraries) |
| must not be limited to the size of the cache. |
| |
| (4) The user should not be forced to download an entire file just to do a |
| one-off access of a small portion of it (such as might be done with the |
| "file" program). |
| |
| It instead serves the cache out in chunks as and when requested by the netfs |
| using it. |
| |
| |
| FS-Cache provides the following facilities: |
| |
| * More than one cache can be used at once. Caches can be selected |
| explicitly by use of tags. |
| |
| * Caches can be added / removed at any time, even whilst being accessed. |
| |
| * The netfs is provided with an interface that allows either party to |
| withdraw caching facilities from a file (required for (2)). |
| |
| * The interface to the netfs returns as few errors as possible, preferring |
| rather to let the netfs remain oblivious. |
| |
| * There are three types of cookie: cache, volume and data file cookies. |
| Cache cookies represent the cache as a whole and are not normally visible |
| to the netfs; the netfs gets a volume cookie to represent a collection of |
| files (typically something that a netfs would get for a superblock); and |
| data file cookies are used to cache data (something that would be got for |
| an inode). |
| |
| * Volumes are matched using a key. This is a printable string that is used |
| to encode all the information that might be needed to distinguish one |
| superblock, say, from another. This would be a compound of things like |
| cell name or server address, volume name or share path. It must be a |
| valid pathname. |
| |
| * Cookies are matched using a key. This is a binary blob and is used to |
| represent the object within a volume (so the volume key need not form |
| part of the blob). This might include things like an inode number and |
| uniquifier or a file handle. |
| |
| * Cookie resources are set up and pinned by marking the cookie in-use. |
| This prevents the backing resources from being culled. Timed garbage |
| collection is employed to eliminate cookies that haven't been used for a |
| short while, thereby reducing resource overload. This is intended to be |
| used when a file is opened or closed. |
| |
| A cookie can be marked in-use multiple times simultaneously; each mark |
| must be unused. |
| |
| * Begin/end access functions are provided to delay cache withdrawal for the |
| duration of an operation and prevent structs from being freed whilst |
| we're looking at them. |
| |
| * Data I/O is done by asynchronous DIO to/from a buffer described by the |
| netfs using an iov_iter. |
| |
| * An invalidation facility is available to discard data from the cache and |
| to deal with I/O that's in progress that is accessing old data. |
| |
| * Cookies can be "retired" upon release, thereby causing the object to be |
| removed from the cache. |
| |
| |
| The netfs API to FS-Cache can be found in: |
| |
| Documentation/filesystems/caching/netfs-api.rst |
| |
| The cache backend API to FS-Cache can be found in: |
| |
| Documentation/filesystems/caching/backend-api.rst |
| |
| |
| Statistical Information |
| ======================= |
| |
| If FS-Cache is compiled with the following options enabled:: |
| |
| CONFIG_FSCACHE_STATS=y |
| |
| then it will gather certain statistics and display them through: |
| |
| /proc/fs/fscache/stats |
| |
| This shows counts of a number of events that can happen in FS-Cache: |
| |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |CLASS |EVENT |MEANING | |
| +==============+=======+=======================================================+ |
| |Cookies |n=N |Number of data storage cookies allocated | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |v=N |Number of volume index cookies allocated | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |vcol=N |Number of volume index key collisions | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |voom=N |Number of OOM events when allocating volume cookies | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Acquire |n=N |Number of acquire cookie requests seen | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |ok=N |Number of acq reqs succeeded | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |oom=N |Number of acq reqs failed on ENOMEM | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |LRU |n=N |Number of cookies currently on the LRU | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |exp=N |Number of cookies expired off of the LRU | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |rmv=N |Number of cookies removed from the LRU | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |drp=N |Number of LRU'd cookies relinquished/withdrawn | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |at=N |Time till next LRU cull (jiffies) | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Invals |n=N |Number of invalidations | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Updates |n=N |Number of update cookie requests seen | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |rsz=N |Number of resize requests | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |rsn=N |Number of skipped resize requests | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |Relinqs |n=N |Number of relinquish cookie requests seen | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |rtr=N |Number of rlq reqs with retire=true | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |drop=N |Number of cookies no longer blocking re-acquisition | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |NoSpace |nwr=N |Number of write requests refused due to lack of space | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |ncr=N |Number of create requests refused due to lack of space | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |cull=N |Number of objects culled to make space | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |IO |rd=N |Number of read operations in the cache | |
| + +-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| | |wr=N |Number of write operations in the cache | |
| +--------------+-------+-------------------------------------------------------+ |
| |
| Netfslib will also add some stats counters of its own. |
| |
| |
| Cache List |
| ========== |
| |
| FS-Cache provides a list of cache cookies: |
| |
| /proc/fs/fscache/cookies |
| |
| This will look something like:: |
| |
| # cat /proc/fs/fscache/caches |
| CACHE REF VOLS OBJS ACCES S NAME |
| ======== ===== ===== ===== ===== = =============== |
| 00000001 2 1 2123 1 A default |
| |
| where the columns are: |
| |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| COLUMN DESCRIPTION |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| CACHE Cache cookie debug ID (also appears in traces) |
| REF Number of references on the cache cookie |
| VOLS Number of volumes cookies in this cache |
| OBJS Number of cache objects in use |
| ACCES Number of accesses pinning the cache |
| S State |
| NAME Name of the cache. |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| |
| The state can be (-) Inactive, (P)reparing, (A)ctive, (E)rror or (W)ithdrawing. |
| |
| |
| Volume List |
| =========== |
| |
| FS-Cache provides a list of volume cookies: |
| |
| /proc/fs/fscache/volumes |
| |
| This will look something like:: |
| |
| VOLUME REF nCOOK ACC FL CACHE KEY |
| ======== ===== ===== === == =============== ================ |
| 00000001 55 54 1 00 default afs,example.com,100058 |
| |
| where the columns are: |
| |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| COLUMN DESCRIPTION |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| VOLUME The volume cookie debug ID (also appears in traces) |
| REF Number of references on the volume cookie |
| nCOOK Number of cookies in the volume |
| ACC Number of accesses pinning the cache |
| FL Flags on the volume cookie |
| CACHE Name of the cache or "-" |
| KEY The indexing key for the volume |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| |
| |
| Cookie List |
| =========== |
| |
| FS-Cache provides a list of cookies: |
| |
| /proc/fs/fscache/cookies |
| |
| This will look something like:: |
| |
| # head /proc/fs/fscache/cookies |
| COOKIE VOLUME REF ACT ACC S FL DEF |
| ======== ======== === === === = == ================ |
| 00000435 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 0000000201d080070000000000000000, 0000000000000000 |
| 00000436 00000001 1 0 -1 - 00 0000005601d080080000000000000000, 0000000000000051 |
| 00000437 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3001d0823f0000000000000000, 0000000000000000 |
| 00000438 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 0000005801d0807b0000000000000000, 0000000000000000 |
| 00000439 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3201d080a10000000000000000, 0000000000000000 |
| 0000043a 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3401d080a30000000000000000, 0000000000000000 |
| 0000043b 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3601d080b30000000000000000, 0000000000000000 |
| 0000043c 00000001 1 0 -1 - 08 00023b3801d080b40000000000000000, 0000000000000000 |
| |
| where the columns are: |
| |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| COLUMN DESCRIPTION |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| COOKIE The cookie debug ID (also appears in traces) |
| VOLUME The parent volume cookie debug ID |
| REF Number of references on the volume cookie |
| ACT Number of times the cookie is marked for in use |
| ACC Number of access pins in the cookie |
| S State of the cookie |
| FL Flags on the cookie |
| DEF Key, auxiliary data |
| ======= =============================================================== |
| |
| |
| Debugging |
| ========= |
| |
| If CONFIG_NETFS_DEBUG is enabled, the FS-Cache facility and NETFS support can |
| have runtime debugging enabled by adjusting the value in:: |
| |
| /sys/module/netfs/parameters/debug |
| |
| This is a bitmask of debugging streams to enable: |
| |
| ======= ======= =============================== ======================= |
| BIT VALUE STREAM POINT |
| ======= ======= =============================== ======================= |
| 0 1 Cache management Function entry trace |
| 1 2 Function exit trace |
| 2 4 General |
| 3 8 Cookie management Function entry trace |
| 4 16 Function exit trace |
| 5 32 General |
| 6-8 (Not used) |
| 9 512 I/O operation management Function entry trace |
| 10 1024 Function exit trace |
| 11 2048 General |
| ======= ======= =============================== ======================= |
| |
| The appropriate set of values should be OR'd together and the result written to |
| the control file. For example:: |
| |
| echo $((1|8|512)) >/sys/module/netfs/parameters/debug |
| |
| will turn on all function entry debugging. |
