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Paul E. McKenney1c27b642018-01-18 19:58:55 -08001This document provides background reading for memory models and related
2tools. These documents are aimed at kernel hackers who are interested
3in memory models.
4
5
6Hardware manuals and models
7===========================
8
9o SPARC International Inc. (Ed.). 1994. "The SPARC Architecture
10 Reference Manual Version 9". SPARC International Inc.
11
12o Compaq Computer Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Alpha Architecture
13 Reference Manual". Compaq Computer Corporation.
14
15o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "A Formal Specification of Intel
16 Itanium Processor Family Memory Ordering". Intel Corporation.
17
18o Intel Corporation (Ed.). 2002. "Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures
19 Software Developer’s Manual". Intel Corporation.
20
21o Peter Sewell, Susmit Sarkar, Scott Owens, Francesco Zappa Nardelli,
22 and Magnus O. Myreen. 2010. "x86-TSO: A Rigorous and Usable
23 Programmer's Model for x86 Multiprocessors". Commun. ACM 53, 7
24 (July, 2010), 89-97. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1785414.1785443
25
26o IBM Corporation (Ed.). 2009. "Power ISA Version 2.06". IBM
27 Corporation.
28
29o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2009. "ARM Barrier Litmus Tests and Cookbook".
30 ARM Ltd.
31
32o Susmit Sarkar, Peter Sewell, Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and
33 Derek Williams. 2011. "Understanding POWER Multiprocessors". In
34 Proceedings of the 32Nd ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming
35 Language Design and Implementation (PLDI ’11). ACM, New York,
36 NY, USA, 175–186.
37
38o Susmit Sarkar, Kayvan Memarian, Scott Owens, Mark Batty,
39 Peter Sewell, Luc Maranget, Jade Alglave, and Derek Williams.
40 2012. "Synchronising C/C++ and POWER". In Proceedings of the 33rd
41 ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and
42 Implementation (PLDI '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 311-322.
43
44o ARM Ltd. (Ed.). 2014. "ARM Architecture Reference Manual (ARMv8,
45 for ARMv8-A architecture profile)". ARM Ltd.
46
47o Imagination Technologies, LTD. 2015. "MIPS(R) Architecture
48 For Programmers, Volume II-A: The MIPS64(R) Instruction,
49 Set Reference Manual". Imagination Technologies,
50 LTD. https://imgtec.com/?do-download=4302.
51
52o Shaked Flur, Kathryn E. Gray, Christopher Pulte, Susmit
53 Sarkar, Ali Sezgin, Luc Maranget, Will Deacon, and Peter
54 Sewell. 2016. "Modelling the ARMv8 Architecture, Operationally:
55 Concurrency and ISA". In Proceedings of the 43rd Annual ACM
56 SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages
57 (POPL ’16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 608–621.
58
59o Shaked Flur, Susmit Sarkar, Christopher Pulte, Kyndylan Nienhuis,
60 Luc Maranget, Kathryn E. Gray, Ali Sezgin, Mark Batty, and Peter
61 Sewell. 2017. "Mixed-size Concurrency: ARM, POWER, C/C++11,
62 and SC". In Proceedings of the 44th ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on
63 Principles of Programming Languages (POPL 2017). ACM, New York,
64 NY, USA, 429–442.
65
Andrea Parri99c12742018-05-14 16:33:57 -070066o Christopher Pulte, Shaked Flur, Will Deacon, Jon French,
67 Susmit Sarkar, and Peter Sewell. 2018. "Simplifying ARM concurrency:
68 multicopy-atomic axiomatic and operational models for ARMv8". In
69 Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, Volume 2, Issue
70 POPL, Article No. 19. ACM, New York, NY, USA.
71
Paul E. McKenney1c27b642018-01-18 19:58:55 -080072
73Linux-kernel memory model
74=========================
75
Andrea Parri1a00b4552018-05-14 16:33:56 -070076o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and
77 Alan Stern. 2018. "Frightening small children and disconcerting
78 grown-ups: Concurrency in the Linux kernel". In Proceedings of
79 the 23rd International Conference on Architectural Support for
80 Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2018). ACM,
81 New York, NY, USA, 405-418. Webpage: http://diy.inria.fr/linux/.
Paul E. McKenney1c27b642018-01-18 19:58:55 -080082
83o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and
84 Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 1)"
85 Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/718628/
86
87o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, Paul E. McKenney, Andrea Parri, and
88 Alan Stern. 2017. "A formal kernel memory-ordering model (part 2)"
89 Linux Weekly News. https://lwn.net/Articles/720550/
90
91
92Memory-model tooling
93====================
94
95o Daniel Jackson. 2002. "Alloy: A Lightweight Object Modelling
96 Notation". ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 11, 2 (April 2002),
97 256–290. http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/505145.505149
98
99o Jade Alglave, Luc Maranget, and Michael Tautschnig. 2014. "Herding
100 Cats: Modelling, Simulation, Testing, and Data Mining for Weak
101 Memory". ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 36, 2, Article 7 (July
102 2014), 7:1–7:74 pages.
103
104o Jade Alglave, Patrick Cousot, and Luc Maranget. 2016. "Syntax and
105 semantics of the weak consistency model specification language
106 cat". CoRR abs/1608.07531 (2016). http://arxiv.org/abs/1608.07531
107
108
109Memory-model comparisons
110========================
111
112o Paul E. McKenney, Ulrich Weigand, Andrea Parri, and Boqun
113 Feng. 2016. "Linux-Kernel Memory Model". (6 June 2016).
114 http://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2016/p0124r2.html.