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| <h2 class="chapter">4 objdump</h2> |
| |
| <p><a name="index-object-file-information-70"></a><a name="index-objdump-71"></a> |
| <!-- man title objdump display information from object files --> |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> <!-- man begin SYNOPSIS objdump --> |
| objdump [<samp><span class="option">-a</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--archive-headers</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-b</span></samp> <var>bfdname</var>|<samp><span class="option">--target=</span><var>bfdname</var></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--demangle</span></samp>[=<var>style</var>] ] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--disassemble</span></samp>[=<var>symbol</var>]] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-D</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--disassemble-all</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-z</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--disassemble-zeroes</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-EB</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">-EL</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--endian=</span></samp>{big | little }] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-f</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--file-headers</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-F</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--file-offsets</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--file-start-context</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-g</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--debugging</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-e</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--debugging-tags</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-h</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--section-headers</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--headers</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--info</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-j</span></samp> <var>section</var>|<samp><span class="option">--section=</span></samp><var>section</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-l</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--line-numbers</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-S</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--source</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--source-comment</span></samp>[=<var>text</var>]] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-m</span></samp> <var>machine</var>|<samp><span class="option">--architecture=</span></samp><var>machine</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-M</span></samp> <var>options</var>|<samp><span class="option">--disassembler-options=</span></samp><var>options</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--private-headers</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-P</span></samp> <var>options</var>|<samp><span class="option">--private=</span></samp><var>options</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--reloc</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-R</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--dynamic-reloc</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-s</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--full-contents</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-W[lLiaprmfFsoRtUuTgAckK]</span></samp>| |
| <samp><span class="option">--dwarf</span></samp>[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--ctf=</span></samp><var>section</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-G</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--stabs</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-t</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--syms</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-T</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--dynamic-syms</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-x</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--all-headers</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-w</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--wide</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--start-address=</span></samp><var>address</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--stop-address=</span></samp><var>address</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--prefix-addresses</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--[no-]show-raw-insn</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--adjust-vma=</span></samp><var>offset</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--dwarf-depth=</span><var>n</var></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--dwarf-start=</span><var>n</var></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--ctf-parent=</span></samp><var>section</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--ctf-symbols=</span></samp><var>section</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--ctf-strings=</span></samp><var>section</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--recurse-limit</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--special-syms</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--prefix=</span></samp><var>prefix</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--prefix-strip=</span></samp><var>level</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">--insn-width=</span></samp><var>width</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-V</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--version</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-H</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--help</span></samp>] |
| <var>objfile</var>... |
| <!-- man end --> |
| </pre> |
| <!-- man begin DESCRIPTION objdump --> |
| <p><samp><span class="command">objdump</span></samp> displays information about one or more object files. |
| The options control what particular information to display. This |
| information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the |
| compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their |
| program to compile and work. |
| |
| <p><var>objfile</var><small class="dots">...</small> are the object files to be examined. When you |
| specify archives, <samp><span class="command">objdump</span></samp> shows information on each of the member |
| object files. |
| |
| <!-- man end --> |
| <!-- man begin OPTIONS objdump --> |
| <p>The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are |
| equivalent. At least one option from the list |
| <samp><span class="option">-a,-d,-D,-e,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-P,-r,-R,-s,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x</span></samp> must be given. |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><samp><span class="env">-a</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--archive-header</span></samp><dd><a name="index-archive-headers-72"></a>If any of the <var>objfile</var> files are archives, display the archive |
| header information (in a format similar to ‘<samp><span class="samp">ls -l</span></samp>’). Besides the |
| information you could list with ‘<samp><span class="samp">ar tv</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">objdump -a</span></samp>’ shows |
| the object file format of each archive member. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--adjust-vma=</span><var>offset</var></samp><dd><a name="index-section-addresses-in-objdump-73"></a><a name="index-VMA-in-objdump-74"></a>When dumping information, first add <var>offset</var> to all the section |
| addresses. This is useful if the section addresses do not correspond to |
| the symbol table, which can happen when putting sections at particular |
| addresses when using a format which can not represent section addresses, |
| such as a.out. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-b </span><var>bfdname</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--target=</span><var>bfdname</var></samp><dd><a name="index-object-code-format-75"></a>Specify that the object-code format for the object files is |
| <var>bfdname</var>. This option may not be necessary; <var>objdump</var> can |
| automatically recognize many formats. |
| |
| <p>For example, |
| <pre class="example"> objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o |
| </pre> |
| <p class="noindent">displays summary information from the section headers (<samp><span class="option">-h</span></samp>) of |
| <samp><span class="file">fu.o</span></samp>, which is explicitly identified (<samp><span class="option">-m</span></samp>) as a VAX object |
| file in the format produced by Oasys compilers. You can list the |
| formats available with the <samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> option. |
| See <a href="Target-Selection.html#Target-Selection">Target Selection</a>, for more information. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-C</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--demangle[=</span><var>style</var><span class="env">]</span></samp><dd><a name="index-demangling-in-objdump-76"></a>Decode (<dfn>demangle</dfn>) low-level symbol names into user-level names. |
| Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this |
| makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different |
| mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to |
| choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. See <a href="c_002b_002bfilt.html#c_002b_002bfilt">c++filt</a>, |
| for more information on demangling. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--recurse-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--recursion-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--no-recursion-limit</span></samp><dd>Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed |
| whilst demangling strings. Since the name mangling formats allow for |
| an inifinite level of recursion it is possible to create strings whose |
| decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space available on the host |
| machine, triggering a memory fault. The limit tries to prevent this |
| from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting. |
| |
| <p>The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be |
| necessary in order to demangle truly complicated names. Note however |
| that if the recursion limit is disabled then stack exhaustion is |
| possible and any bug reports about such an event will be rejected. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-g</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--debugging</span></samp><dd>Display debugging information. This attempts to parse STABS |
| debugging format information stored in the file and print it out using |
| a C like syntax. If no STABS debuging was found this option |
| falls back on the <samp><span class="option">-W</span></samp> option to print any DWARF information in |
| the file. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-e</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--debugging-tags</span></samp><dd>Like <samp><span class="option">-g</span></samp>, but the information is generated in a format compatible |
| with ctags tool. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-d</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--disassemble</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--disassemble=</span><var>symbol</var></samp><dd><a name="index-disassembling-object-code-77"></a><a name="index-machine-instructions-78"></a>Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from the |
| input file. This option only disassembles those sections which are |
| expected to contain instructions. If the optional <var>symbol</var> |
| argument is given, then display the assembler mnemonics starting at |
| <var>symbol</var>. If <var>symbol</var> is a function name then disassembly |
| will stop at the end of the function, otherwise it will stop when the |
| next symbol is encountered. If there are no matches for <var>symbol</var> |
| then nothing will be displayed. |
| |
| <p>Note if the <samp><span class="option">--dwarf=follow-links</span></samp> option has also been enabled |
| then any symbol tables in linked debug info files will be read in and |
| used when disassembling. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-D</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--disassemble-all</span></samp><dd>Like <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp>, but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just |
| those expected to contain instructions. |
| |
| <p>This option also has a subtle effect on the disassembly of |
| instructions in code sections. When option <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp> is in effect |
| objdump will assume that any symbols present in a code section occur |
| on the boundary between instructions and it will refuse to disassemble |
| across such a boundary. When option <samp><span class="option">-D</span></samp> is in effect however |
| this assumption is supressed. This means that it is possible for the |
| output of <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-D</span></samp> to differ if, for example, data |
| is stored in code sections. |
| |
| <p>If the target is an ARM architecture this switch also has the effect |
| of forcing the disassembler to decode pieces of data found in code |
| sections as if they were instructions. |
| |
| <p>Note if the <samp><span class="option">--dwarf=follow-links</span></samp> option has also been enabled |
| then any symbol tables in linked debug info files will be read in and |
| used when disassembling. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--prefix-addresses</span></samp><dd>When disassembling, print the complete address on each line. This is |
| the older disassembly format. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-EB</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">-EL</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--endian={big|little}</span></samp><dd><a name="index-endianness-79"></a><a name="index-disassembly-endianness-80"></a>Specify the endianness of the object files. This only affects |
| disassembly. This can be useful when disassembling a file format which |
| does not describe endianness information, such as S-records. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-f</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--file-headers</span></samp><dd><a name="index-object-file-header-81"></a>Display summary information from the overall header of |
| each of the <var>objfile</var> files. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-F</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--file-offsets</span></samp><dd><a name="index-object-file-offsets-82"></a>When disassembling sections, whenever a symbol is displayed, also |
| display the file offset of the region of data that is about to be |
| dumped. If zeroes are being skipped, then when disassembly resumes, |
| tell the user how many zeroes were skipped and the file offset of the |
| location from where the disassembly resumes. When dumping sections, |
| display the file offset of the location from where the dump starts. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--file-start-context</span></samp><dd><a name="index-source-code-context-83"></a>Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly |
| (assumes <samp><span class="option">-S</span></samp>) from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend the |
| context to the start of the file. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-h</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--section-headers</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--headers</span></samp><dd><a name="index-section-headers-84"></a>Display summary information from the section headers of the |
| object file. |
| |
| <p>File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for example by |
| using the <samp><span class="option">-Ttext</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-Tdata</span></samp>, or <samp><span class="option">-Tbss</span></samp> options to |
| <samp><span class="command">ld</span></samp>. However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not |
| store the starting address of the file segments. In those situations, |
| although <samp><span class="command">ld</span></samp> relocates the sections correctly, using ‘<samp><span class="samp">objdump |
| -h</span></samp>’ to list the file section headers cannot show the correct addresses. |
| Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the |
| target. |
| |
| <p>Note, in some cases it is possible for a section to have both the |
| READONLY and the NOREAD attributes set. In such cases the NOREAD |
| attribute takes precedence, but <samp><span class="command">objdump</span></samp> will report both |
| since the exact setting of the flag bits might be important. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-H</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--help</span></samp><dd>Print a summary of the options to <samp><span class="command">objdump</span></samp> and exit. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-i</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--info</span></samp><dd><a name="index-architectures-available-85"></a><a name="index-object-formats-available-86"></a>Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available |
| for specification with <samp><span class="option">-b</span></samp> or <samp><span class="option">-m</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-j </span><var>name</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--section=</span><var>name</var></samp><dd><a name="index-section-information-87"></a>Display information only for section <var>name</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-l</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--line-numbers</span></samp><dd><a name="index-source-filenames-for-object-files-88"></a>Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename and |
| source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs shown. |
| Only useful with <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-D</span></samp>, or <samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-m </span><var>machine</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--architecture=</span><var>machine</var></samp><dd><a name="index-architecture-89"></a><a name="index-disassembly-architecture-90"></a>Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files. This |
| can be useful when disassembling object files which do not describe |
| architecture information, such as S-records. You can list the available |
| architectures with the <samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> option. |
| |
| <p>If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch has an |
| additional effect. It restricts the disassembly to only those |
| instructions supported by the architecture specified by <var>machine</var>. |
| If it is necessary to use this switch because the input file does not |
| contain any architecture information, but it is also desired to |
| disassemble all the instructions use <samp><span class="option">-marm</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-M </span><var>options</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--disassembler-options=</span><var>options</var></samp><dd>Pass target specific information to the disassembler. Only supported on |
| some targets. If it is necessary to specify more than one |
| disassembler option then multiple <samp><span class="option">-M</span></samp> options can be used or |
| can be placed together into a comma separated list. |
| |
| <p>For ARC, <samp><span class="option">dsp</span></samp> controls the printing of DSP instructions, |
| <samp><span class="option">spfp</span></samp> selects the printing of FPX single precision FP |
| instructions, <samp><span class="option">dpfp</span></samp> selects the printing of FPX double |
| precision FP instructions, <samp><span class="option">quarkse_em</span></samp> selects the printing of |
| special QuarkSE-EM instructions, <samp><span class="option">fpuda</span></samp> selects the printing |
| of double precision assist instructions, <samp><span class="option">fpus</span></samp> selects the |
| printing of FPU single precision FP instructions, while <samp><span class="option">fpud</span></samp> |
| selects the printing of FPU double precision FP instructions. |
| Additionally, one can choose to have all the immediates printed in |
| hexadecimal using <samp><span class="option">hex</span></samp>. By default, the short immediates are |
| printed using the decimal representation, while the long immediate |
| values are printed as hexadecimal. |
| |
| <p><samp><span class="option">cpu=...</span></samp> allows to enforce a particular ISA when disassembling |
| instructions, overriding the <samp><span class="option">-m</span></samp> value or whatever is in the ELF file. |
| This might be useful to select ARC EM or HS ISA, because architecture is same |
| for those and disassembler relies on private ELF header data to decide if code |
| is for EM or HS. This option might be specified multiple times - only the |
| latest value will be used. Valid values are same as for the assembler |
| <samp><span class="option">-mcpu=...</span></samp> option. |
| |
| <p>If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch can be used to |
| select which register name set is used during disassembler. Specifying |
| <samp><span class="option">-M reg-names-std</span></samp> (the default) will select the register names as |
| used in ARM's instruction set documentation, but with register 13 called |
| 'sp', register 14 called 'lr' and register 15 called 'pc'. Specifying |
| <samp><span class="option">-M reg-names-apcs</span></samp> will select the name set used by the ARM |
| Procedure Call Standard, whilst specifying <samp><span class="option">-M reg-names-raw</span></samp> will |
| just use ‘<samp><span class="samp">r</span></samp>’ followed by the register number. |
| |
| <p>There are also two variants on the APCS register naming scheme enabled |
| by <samp><span class="option">-M reg-names-atpcs</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-M reg-names-special-atpcs</span></samp> which |
| use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming conventions. (Either |
| with the normal register names or the special register names). |
| |
| <p>This option can also be used for ARM architectures to force the |
| disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by |
| using the switch <samp><span class="option">--disassembler-options=force-thumb</span></samp>. This can be |
| useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other |
| compilers. |
| |
| <p>For AArch64 targets this switch can be used to set whether instructions are |
| disassembled as the most general instruction using the <samp><span class="option">-M no-aliases</span></samp> |
| option or whether instruction notes should be generated as comments in the |
| disasssembly using <samp><span class="option">-M notes</span></samp>. |
| |
| <p>For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the <samp><span class="option">-m</span></samp> |
| switch, but allow finer grained control. Multiple selections from the |
| following may be specified as a comma separated string. |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>x86-64</code><dt><code>i386</code><dt><code>i8086</code><dd>Select disassembly for the given architecture. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>intel</code><dt><code>att</code><dd>Select between intel syntax mode and AT&T syntax mode. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>amd64</code><dt><code>intel64</code><dd>Select between AMD64 ISA and Intel64 ISA. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>intel-mnemonic</code><dt><code>att-mnemonic</code><dd>Select between intel mnemonic mode and AT&T mnemonic mode. |
| Note: <code>intel-mnemonic</code> implies <code>intel</code> and |
| <code>att-mnemonic</code> implies <code>att</code>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>addr64</code><dt><code>addr32</code><dt><code>addr16</code><dt><code>data32</code><dt><code>data16</code><dd>Specify the default address size and operand size. These five options |
| will be overridden if <code>x86-64</code>, <code>i386</code> or <code>i8086</code> |
| appear later in the option string. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>suffix</code><dd>When in AT&T mode, instructs the disassembler to print a mnemonic |
| suffix even when the suffix could be inferred by the operands. |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>For PowerPC, the <samp><span class="option">-M</span></samp> argument <samp><span class="option">raw</span></samp> selects |
| disasssembly of hardware insns rather than aliases. For example, you |
| will see <code>rlwinm</code> rather than <code>clrlwi</code>, and <code>addi</code> |
| rather than <code>li</code>. All of the <samp><span class="option">-m</span></samp> arguments for |
| <samp><span class="command">gas</span></samp> that select a CPU are supported. These are: |
| <samp><span class="option">403</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">405</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">440</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">464</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">476</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">601</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">603</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">604</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">620</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">7400</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">7410</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">7450</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">7455</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">750cl</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">821</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">850</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">860</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">a2</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">booke</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">booke32</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">cell</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">com</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">e200z4</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">e300</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">e500</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">e500mc</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">e500mc64</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">e500x2</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">e5500</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">e6500</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">efs</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">power4</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">power5</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">power6</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">power7</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">power8</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">power9</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">ppc</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">ppc32</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">ppc64</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">ppc64bridge</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">ppcps</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">pwr</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">pwr2</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">pwr4</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">pwr5</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">pwr5x</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">pwr6</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">pwr7</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">pwr8</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">pwr9</span></samp>, |
| <samp><span class="option">pwrx</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">titan</span></samp>, and <samp><span class="option">vle</span></samp>. |
| <samp><span class="option">32</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">64</span></samp> modify the default or a prior CPU |
| selection, disabling and enabling 64-bit insns respectively. In |
| addition, <samp><span class="option">altivec</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">any</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">htm</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">vsx</span></samp>, |
| and <samp><span class="option">spe</span></samp> add capabilities to a previous <em>or later</em> CPU |
| selection. <samp><span class="option">any</span></samp> will disassemble any opcode known to |
| binutils, but in cases where an opcode has two different meanings or |
| different arguments, you may not see the disassembly you expect. |
| If you disassemble without giving a CPU selection, a default will be |
| chosen from information gleaned by BFD from the object files headers, |
| but the result again may not be as you expect. |
| |
| <p>For MIPS, this option controls the printing of instruction mnemonic |
| names and register names in disassembled instructions. Multiple |
| selections from the following may be specified as a comma separated |
| string, and invalid options are ignored: |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>no-aliases</code><dd>Print the 'raw' instruction mnemonic instead of some pseudo |
| instruction mnemonic. I.e., print 'daddu' or 'or' instead of 'move', |
| 'sll' instead of 'nop', etc. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>msa</code><dd>Disassemble MSA instructions. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>virt</code><dd>Disassemble the virtualization ASE instructions. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>xpa</code><dd>Disassemble the eXtended Physical Address (XPA) ASE instructions. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>gpr-names=</code><var>ABI</var><dd>Print GPR (general-purpose register) names as appropriate |
| for the specified ABI. By default, GPR names are selected according to |
| the ABI of the binary being disassembled. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>fpr-names=</code><var>ABI</var><dd>Print FPR (floating-point register) names as |
| appropriate for the specified ABI. By default, FPR numbers are printed |
| rather than names. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>cp0-names=</code><var>ARCH</var><dd>Print CP0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor 0) register names |
| as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by |
| <var>ARCH</var>. By default, CP0 register names are selected according to |
| the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>hwr-names=</code><var>ARCH</var><dd>Print HWR (hardware register, used by the <code>rdhwr</code> instruction) names |
| as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by |
| <var>ARCH</var>. By default, HWR names are selected according to |
| the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>reg-names=</code><var>ABI</var><dd>Print GPR and FPR names as appropriate for the selected ABI. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>reg-names=</code><var>ARCH</var><dd>Print CPU-specific register names (CP0 register and HWR names) |
| as appropriate for the selected CPU or architecture. |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>For any of the options listed above, <var>ABI</var> or |
| <var>ARCH</var> may be specified as ‘<samp><span class="samp">numeric</span></samp>’ to have numbers printed |
| rather than names, for the selected types of registers. |
| You can list the available values of <var>ABI</var> and <var>ARCH</var> using |
| the <samp><span class="option">--help</span></samp> option. |
| |
| <p>For VAX, you can specify function entry addresses with <samp><span class="option">-M |
| entry:0xf00ba</span></samp>. You can use this multiple times to properly |
| disassemble VAX binary files that don't contain symbol tables (like |
| ROM dumps). In these cases, the function entry mask would otherwise |
| be decoded as VAX instructions, which would probably lead the rest |
| of the function being wrongly disassembled. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-p</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--private-headers</span></samp><dd>Print information that is specific to the object file format. The exact |
| information printed depends upon the object file format. For some |
| object file formats, no additional information is printed. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-P </span><var>options</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--private=</span><var>options</var></samp><dd>Print information that is specific to the object file format. The |
| argument <var>options</var> is a comma separated list that depends on the |
| format (the lists of options is displayed with the help). |
| |
| <p>For XCOFF, the available options are: |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>header</code><br><dt><code>aout</code><br><dt><code>sections</code><br><dt><code>syms</code><br><dt><code>relocs</code><br><dt><code>lineno,</code><br><dt><code>loader</code><br><dt><code>except</code><br><dt><code>typchk</code><br><dt><code>traceback</code><br><dt><code>toc</code><br><dt><code>ldinfo</code><dd></dl> |
| |
| <p>Not all object formats support this option. In particular the ELF |
| format does not use it. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-r</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--reloc</span></samp><dd><a name="index-relocation-entries_002c-in-object-file-91"></a>Print the relocation entries of the file. If used with <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp> or |
| <samp><span class="option">-D</span></samp>, the relocations are printed interspersed with the |
| disassembly. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-R</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--dynamic-reloc</span></samp><dd><a name="index-dynamic-relocation-entries_002c-in-object-file-92"></a>Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file. This is only |
| meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared |
| libraries. As for <samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp>, if used with <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp> or |
| <samp><span class="option">-D</span></samp>, the relocations are printed interspersed with the |
| disassembly. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-s</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--full-contents</span></samp><dd><a name="index-sections_002c-full-contents-93"></a><a name="index-object-file-sections-94"></a>Display the full contents of any sections requested. By default all |
| non-empty sections are displayed. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-S</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--source</span></samp><dd><a name="index-source-disassembly-95"></a><a name="index-disassembly_002c-with-source-96"></a>Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible. Implies |
| <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--source-comment[=</span><var>txt</var><span class="env">]</span></samp><dd><a name="index-source-disassembly-97"></a><a name="index-disassembly_002c-with-source-98"></a>Like the <samp><span class="option">-S</span></samp> option, but all source code lines are displayed |
| with a prefix of <var>txt</var>. Typically <var>txt</var> will be a comment |
| string which can be used to distinguish the assembler code from the |
| source code. If <var>txt</var> is not provided then a default string of |
| <var>“# “</var> (hash followed by a space), will be used. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--prefix=</span><var>prefix</var></samp><dd><a name="index-Add-prefix-to-absolute-paths-99"></a>Specify <var>prefix</var> to add to the absolute paths when used with |
| <samp><span class="option">-S</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--prefix-strip=</span><var>level</var></samp><dd><a name="index-Strip-absolute-paths-100"></a>Indicate how many initial directory names to strip off the hardwired |
| absolute paths. It has no effect without <samp><span class="option">--prefix=</span></samp><var>prefix</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--show-raw-insn</span></samp><dd>When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as well as |
| in symbolic form. This is the default except when |
| <samp><span class="option">--prefix-addresses</span></samp> is used. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--no-show-raw-insn</span></samp><dd>When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes. |
| This is the default when <samp><span class="option">--prefix-addresses</span></samp> is used. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--insn-width=</span><var>width</var></samp><dd><a name="index-Instruction-width-101"></a>Display <var>width</var> bytes on a single line when disassembling |
| instructions. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-W[lLiaprmfFsoRtUuTgAckK]</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]</span></samp><dd><!-- This file contains the entry for the -w/-debug-dump (readelf) and --> |
| <!-- W/-dwarf (objdump) option that is common to both readelf and objdump. --> |
| |
| <p>Displays the contents of the DWARF debug sections in the file, if any |
| are present. Compressed debug sections are automatically decompressed |
| (temporarily) before they are displayed. If one or more of the |
| optional letters or words follows the switch then only those type(s) |
| of data will be dumped. The letters and words refer to the following |
| information: |
| |
| <!-- Please Keep This Table Alpha Sorted. --> |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>a</code><dt><code>=abbrev</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_abbrev</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>A</code><dt><code>=addr</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_addr</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>c</code><dt><code>=cu_index</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_cu_index</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_tu_index</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>f</code><dt><code>=frames</code><dd>Display the raw contents of a ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_frame</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>F</code><br><dt><code>=frame-interp</code><dd>Display the interpreted contents of a ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_frame</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>g</code><dt><code>=gdb_index</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.gdb_index</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_names</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>i</code><dt><code>=info</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_info</span></samp>’ section. Note: the |
| output from this option can also be restricted by the use of the |
| <samp><span class="option">--dwarf-depth</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">--dwarf-start</span></samp> options. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>k</code><dt><code>=links</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.gnu_debuglink</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.gnu_debugaltlink</span></samp>’ sections. Also displays any links to |
| separate dwarf object files (dwo), if they are specified by the |
| DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name or DW_AT_dwo_name attributes in the |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_info</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>K</code><dt><code>=follow-links</code><dd>Display the contents of any selected debug sections that are found in |
| linked, separate debug info file(s). This can result in multiple |
| versions of the same debug section being displayed if it exists in |
| more than one file. |
| |
| <p>In addition, when displaying DWARF attributes, if a form is found that |
| references the separate debug info file, then the referenced contents |
| will also be displayed. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>l</code><dt><code>=rawline</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_line</span></samp>’ section in a raw |
| format. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>L</code><br><dt><code>=decodedline</code><dd>Displays the interpreted contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_line</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>m</code><dt><code>=macro</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_macro</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_macinfo</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>o</code><dt><code>=loc</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_loc</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_loclists</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>p</code><dt><code>=pubnames</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_pubnames</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_gnu_pubnames</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>r</code><dt><code>=aranges</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_aranges</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>R</code><dt><code>=Ranges</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_ranges</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_rnglists</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>s</code><dt><code>=str</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_str</span></samp>’, ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_line_str</span></samp>’ |
| and/or ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_str_offsets</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>t</code><dt><code>=pubtype</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_pubtypes</span></samp>’ and/or |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_gnu_pubtypes</span></samp>’ sections. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>T</code><dt><code>=trace_aranges</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.trace_aranges</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>u</code><dt><code>=trace_abbrev</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.trace_abbrev</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>U</code><dt><code>=trace_info</code><dd>Displays the contents of the ‘<samp><span class="samp">.trace_info</span></samp>’ section. |
| |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>Note: displaying the contents of ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_static_funcs</span></samp>’, |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">.debug_static_vars</span></samp>’ and ‘<samp><span class="samp">debug_weaknames</span></samp>’ sections is not |
| currently supported. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--dwarf-depth=</span><var>n</var></samp><dd>Limit the dump of the <code>.debug_info</code> section to <var>n</var> children. |
| This is only useful with <samp><span class="option">--debug-dump=info</span></samp>. The default is |
| to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for <var>n</var> will also have this |
| effect. |
| |
| <p>With a non-zero value for <var>n</var>, DIEs at or deeper than <var>n</var> |
| levels will not be printed. The range for <var>n</var> is zero-based. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--dwarf-start=</span><var>n</var></samp><dd>Print only DIEs beginning with the DIE numbered <var>n</var>. This is only |
| useful with <samp><span class="option">--debug-dump=info</span></samp>. |
| |
| <p>If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header |
| information and all DIEs before the DIE numbered <var>n</var>. Only |
| siblings and children of the specified DIE will be printed. |
| |
| <p>This can be used in conjunction with <samp><span class="option">--dwarf-depth</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--dwarf-check</span></samp><dd>Enable additional checks for consistency of Dwarf information. |
| |
| <!-- This file contains the entry for the -ctf, -ctf-parent, -ctf-symbols, -and --> |
| <!-- ctf-strings options that are common to both readelf and objdump. --> |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--ctf=</span><var>section</var></samp><dd><a name="index-CTF-102"></a><a name="index-Compact-Type-Format-103"></a> |
| Display the contents of the specified CTF section. CTF sections themselves |
| contain many subsections, all of which are displayed in order. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--ctf-parent=</span><var>section</var></samp><dd> |
| Specify the name of another section from which the CTF file can inherit |
| types. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-G</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--stabs</span></samp><dd><a name="index-stab-104"></a><a name="index-g_t_002estab-105"></a><a name="index-debug-symbols-106"></a><a name="index-ELF-object-file-format-107"></a>Display the full contents of any sections requested. Display the |
| contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an |
| ELF file. This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which |
| <code>.stab</code> debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an ELF |
| section. In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are |
| interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the <samp><span class="option">--syms</span></samp> |
| output. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--start-address=</span><var>address</var></samp><dd><a name="index-start_002daddress-108"></a>Start displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output |
| of the <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-s</span></samp> options. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--stop-address=</span><var>address</var></samp><dd><a name="index-stop_002daddress-109"></a>Stop displaying data at the specified address. This affects the output |
| of the <samp><span class="option">-d</span></samp>, <samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp> and <samp><span class="option">-s</span></samp> options. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-t</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--syms</span></samp><dd><a name="index-symbol-table-entries_002c-printing-110"></a>Print the symbol table entries of the file. |
| This is similar to the information provided by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">nm</span></samp>’ program, |
| although the display format is different. The format of the output |
| depends upon the format of the file being dumped, but there are two main |
| types. One looks like this: |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> [ 4](sec 3)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .bss |
| [ 6](sec 1)(fl 0x00)(ty 0)(scl 2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 fred |
| </pre> |
| <p>where the number inside the square brackets is the number of the entry |
| in the symbol table, the <var>sec</var> number is the section number, the |
| <var>fl</var> value are the symbol's flag bits, the <var>ty</var> number is the |
| symbol's type, the <var>scl</var> number is the symbol's storage class and |
| the <var>nx</var> value is the number of auxilary entries associated with |
| the symbol. The last two fields are the symbol's value and its name. |
| |
| <p>The other common output format, usually seen with ELF based files, |
| looks like this: |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> 00000000 l d .bss 00000000 .bss |
| 00000000 g .text 00000000 fred |
| </pre> |
| <p>Here the first number is the symbol's value (sometimes refered to as |
| its address). The next field is actually a set of characters and |
| spaces indicating the flag bits that are set on the symbol. These |
| characters are described below. Next is the section with which the |
| symbol is associated or <em>*ABS*</em> if the section is absolute (ie |
| not connected with any section), or <em>*UND*</em> if the section is |
| referenced in the file being dumped, but not defined there. |
| |
| <p>After the section name comes another field, a number, which for common |
| symbols is the alignment and for other symbol is the size. Finally |
| the symbol's name is displayed. |
| |
| <p>The flag characters are divided into 7 groups as follows: |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>l</code><dt><code>g</code><dt><code>u</code><dt><code>!</code><dd>The symbol is a local (l), global (g), unique global (u), neither |
| global nor local (a space) or both global and local (!). A |
| symbol can be neither local or global for a variety of reasons, e.g., |
| because it is used for debugging, but it is probably an indication of |
| a bug if it is ever both local and global. Unique global symbols are |
| a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings. For such |
| a symbol the dynamic linker will make sure that in the entire process |
| there is just one symbol with this name and type in use. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>w</code><dd>The symbol is weak (w) or strong (a space). |
| |
| <br><dt><code>C</code><dd>The symbol denotes a constructor (C) or an ordinary symbol (a space). |
| |
| <br><dt><code>W</code><dd>The symbol is a warning (W) or a normal symbol (a space). A warning |
| symbol's name is a message to be displayed if the symbol following the |
| warning symbol is ever referenced. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>I</code><br><dt><code>i</code><dd>The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol (I), a function |
| to be evaluated during reloc processing (i) or a normal symbol (a |
| space). |
| |
| <br><dt><code>d</code><dt><code>D</code><dd>The symbol is a debugging symbol (d) or a dynamic symbol (D) or a |
| normal symbol (a space). |
| |
| <br><dt><code>F</code><br><dt><code>f</code><br><dt><code>O</code><dd>The symbol is the name of a function (F) or a file (f) or an object |
| (O) or just a normal symbol (a space). |
| </dl> |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-T</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--dynamic-syms</span></samp><dd><a name="index-dynamic-symbol-table-entries_002c-printing-111"></a>Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file. This is only |
| meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared |
| libraries. This is similar to the information provided by the ‘<samp><span class="samp">nm</span></samp>’ |
| program when given the <samp><span class="option">-D</span></samp> (<samp><span class="option">--dynamic</span></samp>) option. |
| |
| <p>The output format is similar to that produced by the <samp><span class="option">--syms</span></samp> |
| option, except that an extra field is inserted before the symbol's |
| name, giving the version information associated with the symbol. |
| If the version is the default version to be used when resolving |
| unversioned references to the symbol then it's displayed as is, |
| otherwise it's put into parentheses. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">--special-syms</span></samp><dd>When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be |
| special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the |
| user. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-V</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--version</span></samp><dd>Print the version number of <samp><span class="command">objdump</span></samp> and exit. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-x</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--all-headers</span></samp><dd><a name="index-all-header-information_002c-object-file-112"></a><a name="index-header-information_002c-all-113"></a>Display all available header information, including the symbol table and |
| relocation entries. Using <samp><span class="option">-x</span></samp> is equivalent to specifying all of |
| <samp><span class="option">-a -f -h -p -r -t</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-w</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--wide</span></samp><dd><a name="index-wide-output_002c-printing-114"></a>Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns. |
| Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-z</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--disassemble-zeroes</span></samp><dd>Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes. This |
| option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like |
| any other data. |
| </dl> |
| |
| <!-- man end --> |
| </body></html> |
| |
