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 <a name="Frames-In-Python"></a>
 <p>
 Next:&nbsp;<a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Blocks-In-Python.html#Blocks-In-Python">Blocks In Python</a>,
 Previous:&nbsp;<a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Objfiles-In-Python.html#Objfiles-In-Python">Objfiles In Python</a>,
 Up:&nbsp;<a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Python-API.html#Python-API">Python API</a>
 <hr>
 </div>

 <h5 class="subsubsection">23.2.2.25 Accessing inferior stack frames from Python</h5>

 <p><a name="index-frames-in-python-2264"></a>When the debugged program stops, <span class="sc">gdb</span> is able to analyze its call
 stack (see <a href="Frames.html#Frames">Stack frames</a>).  The <code>gdb.Frame</code> class
 represents a frame in the stack.  A <code>gdb.Frame</code> object is only valid
 while its corresponding frame exists in the inferior's stack.  If you try
 to use an invalid frame object, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will throw a <code>gdb.error</code>
 exception (see <a href="Exception-Handling.html#Exception-Handling">Exception Handling</a>).

    <p>Two <code>gdb.Frame</code> objects can be compared for equality with the <code>==</code>
 operator, like:

 <pre class="smallexample">     (gdb) python print gdb.newest_frame() == gdb.selected_frame ()
      True
 </pre>
    <p>The following frame-related functions are available in the <code>gdb</code> module:

    <p><a name="index-gdb_002eselected_005fframe-2265"></a>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>gdb.selected_frame</b> ()<var><a name="index-gdb_002eselected_005fframe-2266"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the selected frame object.  (see <a href="Selection.html#Selection">Selecting a Frame</a>).
 </p></blockquote></div>

    <p><a name="index-gdb_002enewest_005fframe-2267"></a>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>gdb.newest_frame</b> ()<var><a name="index-gdb_002enewest_005fframe-2268"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the newest frame object for the selected thread.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>gdb.frame_stop_reason_string</b> (<var>reason</var>)<var><a name="index-gdb_002eframe_005fstop_005freason_005fstring-2269"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return a string explaining the reason why <span class="sc">gdb</span> stopped unwinding
 frames, as expressed by the given <var>reason</var> code (an integer, see the
 <code>unwind_stop_reason</code> method further down in this section).
 </p></blockquote></div>

    <p><a name="index-gdb_002einvalidate_005fcached_005fframes-2270"></a>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>gdb.invalidate_cached_frames</b><var><a name="index-gdb_002einvalidate_005fcached_005fframes-2271"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p><span class="sc">gdb</span> internally keeps a cache of the frames that have been
 unwound.  This function invalidates this cache.

         <p>This function should not generally be called by ordinary Python code.
 It is documented for the sake of completeness.
 </p></blockquote></div>

    <p>A <code>gdb.Frame</code> object has the following methods:

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.is_valid</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eis_005fvalid-2272"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Returns true if the <code>gdb.Frame</code> object is valid, false if not.
 A frame object can become invalid if the frame it refers to doesn't
 exist anymore in the inferior.  All <code>gdb.Frame</code> methods will throw
 an exception if it is invalid at the time the method is called.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.name</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002ename-2273"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Returns the function name of the frame, or <code>None</code> if it can't be
 obtained.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.architecture</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002earchitecture-2274"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Returns the <code>gdb.Architecture</code> object corresponding to the frame's
 architecture.  See <a href="Architectures-In-Python.html#Architectures-In-Python">Architectures In Python</a>.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.type</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002etype-2275"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Returns the type of the frame.  The value can be one of:
           <dl>
 <dt><code>gdb.NORMAL_FRAME</code><dd>An ordinary stack frame.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.DUMMY_FRAME</code><dd>A fake stack frame that was created by <span class="sc">gdb</span> when performing an
 inferior function call.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.INLINE_FRAME</code><dd>A frame representing an inlined function.  The function was inlined
 into a <code>gdb.NORMAL_FRAME</code> that is older than this one.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.TAILCALL_FRAME</code><dd>A frame representing a tail call.  See <a href="Tail-Call-Frames.html#Tail-Call-Frames">Tail Call Frames</a>.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.SIGTRAMP_FRAME</code><dd>A signal trampoline frame.  This is the frame created by the OS when
 it calls into a signal handler.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.ARCH_FRAME</code><dd>A fake stack frame representing a cross-architecture call.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.SENTINEL_FRAME</code><dd>This is like <code>gdb.NORMAL_FRAME</code>, but it is only used for the
 newest frame.
 </dl>
         </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.unwind_stop_reason</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eunwind_005fstop_005freason-2276"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return an integer representing the reason why it's not possible to find
 more frames toward the outermost frame.  Use
 <code>gdb.frame_stop_reason_string</code> to convert the value returned by this
 function to a string. The value can be one of:

           <dl>
 <dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_NO_REASON</code><dd>No particular reason (older frames should be available).

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_NULL_ID</code><dd>The previous frame's analyzer returns an invalid result.  This is no
 longer used by <span class="sc">gdb</span>, and is kept only for backward
 compatibility.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_OUTERMOST</code><dd>This frame is the outermost.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_UNAVAILABLE</code><dd>Cannot unwind further, because that would require knowing the
 values of registers or memory that have not been collected.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_INNER_ID</code><dd>This frame ID looks like it ought to belong to a NEXT frame,
 but we got it for a PREV frame.  Normally, this is a sign of
 unwinder failure.  It could also indicate stack corruption.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_SAME_ID</code><dd>This frame has the same ID as the previous one.  That means
 that unwinding further would almost certainly give us another
 frame with exactly the same ID, so break the chain.  Normally,
 this is a sign of unwinder failure.  It could also indicate
 stack corruption.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_NO_SAVED_PC</code><dd>The frame unwinder did not find any saved PC, but we needed
 one to unwind further.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_MEMORY_ERROR</code><dd>The frame unwinder caused an error while trying to access memory.

           <br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_FIRST_ERROR</code><dd>Any stop reason greater or equal to this value indicates some kind
 of error.  This special value facilitates writing code that tests
 for errors in unwinding in a way that will work correctly even if
 the list of the other values is modified in future <span class="sc">gdb</span>
 versions.  Using it, you could write:
           <pre class="smallexample">               reason = gdb.selected_frame().unwind_stop_reason ()
                reason_str =  gdb.frame_stop_reason_string (reason)
                if reason &gt;=  gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_FIRST_ERROR:
                    print "An error occured: %s" % reason_str
 </pre>
           </dl>

         </blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.pc</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002epc-2277"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Returns the frame's resume address.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.block</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eblock-2278"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the frame's code block.  See <a href="Blocks-In-Python.html#Blocks-In-Python">Blocks In Python</a>.  If the frame
 does not have a block &ndash; for example, if there is no debugging
 information for the code in question &ndash; then this will throw an
 exception.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.function</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002efunction-2279"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the symbol for the function corresponding to this frame.
 See <a href="Symbols-In-Python.html#Symbols-In-Python">Symbols In Python</a>.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.older</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eolder-2280"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the frame that called this frame.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.newer</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002enewer-2281"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the frame called by this frame.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.find_sal</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002efind_005fsal-2282"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the frame's symtab and line object.
 See <a href="Symbol-Tables-In-Python.html#Symbol-Tables-In-Python">Symbol Tables In Python</a>.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.read_register</b> (<var>register</var>)<var><a name="index-Frame_002eread_005fregister-2283"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the value of <var>register</var> in this frame.  The <var>register</var>
 argument must be a string (e.g., <code>'sp'</code> or <code>'rax'</code>).
 Returns a <code>Gdb.Value</code> object.  Throws an exception if <var>register</var>
 does not exist.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.read_var</b> (<var>variable </var><span class="roman">[</span><var>, block</var><span class="roman">]</span>)<var><a name="index-Frame_002eread_005fvar-2284"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Return the value of <var>variable</var> in this frame.  If the optional
 argument <var>block</var> is provided, search for the variable from that
 block; otherwise start at the frame's current block (which is
 determined by the frame's current program counter).  The <var>variable</var>
 argument must be a string or a <code>gdb.Symbol</code> object; <var>block</var> must be a
 <code>gdb.Block</code> object.
 </p></blockquote></div>

 <div class="defun">
 &mdash; Function: <b>Frame.select</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eselect-2285"></a></var><br>
 <blockquote><p>Set this frame to be the selected frame.  See <a href="Stack.html#Stack">Examining the Stack</a>.
 </p></blockquote></div>

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	<p>
	Next: <a rel="next" accesskey="n" href="Blocks-In-Python.html#Blocks-In-Python">Blocks In Python</a>,
	Previous: <a rel="previous" accesskey="p" href="Objfiles-In-Python.html#Objfiles-In-Python">Objfiles In Python</a>,
	Up: <a rel="up" accesskey="u" href="Python-API.html#Python-API">Python API</a>
	<hr>
	</div>

	<h5 class="subsubsection">23.2.2.25 Accessing inferior stack frames from Python</h5>

	<p><a name="index-frames-in-python-2264"></a>When the debugged program stops, <span class="sc">gdb</span> is able to analyze its call
	stack (see <a href="Frames.html#Frames">Stack frames</a>). The <code>gdb.Frame</code> class
	represents a frame in the stack. A <code>gdb.Frame</code> object is only valid
	while its corresponding frame exists in the inferior's stack. If you try
	to use an invalid frame object, <span class="sc">gdb</span> will throw a <code>gdb.error</code>
	exception (see <a href="Exception-Handling.html#Exception-Handling">Exception Handling</a>).

	<p>Two <code>gdb.Frame</code> objects can be compared for equality with the <code>==</code>
	operator, like:

	<pre class="smallexample"> (gdb) python print gdb.newest_frame() == gdb.selected_frame ()
	True
	</pre>
	<p>The following frame-related functions are available in the <code>gdb</code> module:

	<p><a name="index-gdb_002eselected_005fframe-2265"></a>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>gdb.selected_frame</b> ()<var><a name="index-gdb_002eselected_005fframe-2266"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the selected frame object. (see <a href="Selection.html#Selection">Selecting a Frame</a>).
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<p><a name="index-gdb_002enewest_005fframe-2267"></a>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>gdb.newest_frame</b> ()<var><a name="index-gdb_002enewest_005fframe-2268"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the newest frame object for the selected thread.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>gdb.frame_stop_reason_string</b> (<var>reason</var>)<var><a name="index-gdb_002eframe_005fstop_005freason_005fstring-2269"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return a string explaining the reason why <span class="sc">gdb</span> stopped unwinding
	frames, as expressed by the given <var>reason</var> code (an integer, see the
	<code>unwind_stop_reason</code> method further down in this section).
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<p><a name="index-gdb_002einvalidate_005fcached_005fframes-2270"></a>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>gdb.invalidate_cached_frames</b><var><a name="index-gdb_002einvalidate_005fcached_005fframes-2271"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p><span class="sc">gdb</span> internally keeps a cache of the frames that have been
	unwound. This function invalidates this cache.

	<p>This function should not generally be called by ordinary Python code.
	It is documented for the sake of completeness.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<p>A <code>gdb.Frame</code> object has the following methods:

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.is_valid</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eis_005fvalid-2272"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Returns true if the <code>gdb.Frame</code> object is valid, false if not.
	A frame object can become invalid if the frame it refers to doesn't
	exist anymore in the inferior. All <code>gdb.Frame</code> methods will throw
	an exception if it is invalid at the time the method is called.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.name</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002ename-2273"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Returns the function name of the frame, or <code>None</code> if it can't be
	obtained.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.architecture</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002earchitecture-2274"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Returns the <code>gdb.Architecture</code> object corresponding to the frame's
	architecture. See <a href="Architectures-In-Python.html#Architectures-In-Python">Architectures In Python</a>.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.type</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002etype-2275"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Returns the type of the frame. The value can be one of:
	<dl>
	<dt><code>gdb.NORMAL_FRAME</code><dd>An ordinary stack frame.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.DUMMY_FRAME</code><dd>A fake stack frame that was created by <span class="sc">gdb</span> when performing an
	inferior function call.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.INLINE_FRAME</code><dd>A frame representing an inlined function. The function was inlined
	into a <code>gdb.NORMAL_FRAME</code> that is older than this one.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.TAILCALL_FRAME</code><dd>A frame representing a tail call. See <a href="Tail-Call-Frames.html#Tail-Call-Frames">Tail Call Frames</a>.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.SIGTRAMP_FRAME</code><dd>A signal trampoline frame. This is the frame created by the OS when
	it calls into a signal handler.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.ARCH_FRAME</code><dd>A fake stack frame representing a cross-architecture call.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.SENTINEL_FRAME</code><dd>This is like <code>gdb.NORMAL_FRAME</code>, but it is only used for the
	newest frame.
	</dl>
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.unwind_stop_reason</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eunwind_005fstop_005freason-2276"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return an integer representing the reason why it's not possible to find
	more frames toward the outermost frame. Use
	<code>gdb.frame_stop_reason_string</code> to convert the value returned by this
	function to a string. The value can be one of:

	<dl>
	<dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_NO_REASON</code><dd>No particular reason (older frames should be available).

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_NULL_ID</code><dd>The previous frame's analyzer returns an invalid result. This is no
	longer used by <span class="sc">gdb</span>, and is kept only for backward
	compatibility.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_OUTERMOST</code><dd>This frame is the outermost.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_UNAVAILABLE</code><dd>Cannot unwind further, because that would require knowing the
	values of registers or memory that have not been collected.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_INNER_ID</code><dd>This frame ID looks like it ought to belong to a NEXT frame,
	but we got it for a PREV frame. Normally, this is a sign of
	unwinder failure. It could also indicate stack corruption.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_SAME_ID</code><dd>This frame has the same ID as the previous one. That means
	that unwinding further would almost certainly give us another
	frame with exactly the same ID, so break the chain. Normally,
	this is a sign of unwinder failure. It could also indicate
	stack corruption.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_NO_SAVED_PC</code><dd>The frame unwinder did not find any saved PC, but we needed
	one to unwind further.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_MEMORY_ERROR</code><dd>The frame unwinder caused an error while trying to access memory.

	<br><dt><code>gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_FIRST_ERROR</code><dd>Any stop reason greater or equal to this value indicates some kind
	of error. This special value facilitates writing code that tests
	for errors in unwinding in a way that will work correctly even if
	the list of the other values is modified in future <span class="sc">gdb</span>
	versions. Using it, you could write:
	<pre class="smallexample"> reason = gdb.selected_frame().unwind_stop_reason ()
	reason_str = gdb.frame_stop_reason_string (reason)
	if reason >= gdb.FRAME_UNWIND_FIRST_ERROR:
	print "An error occured: %s" % reason_str
	</pre>
	</dl>

	</blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.pc</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002epc-2277"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Returns the frame's resume address.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.block</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eblock-2278"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the frame's code block. See <a href="Blocks-In-Python.html#Blocks-In-Python">Blocks In Python</a>. If the frame
	does not have a block – for example, if there is no debugging
	information for the code in question – then this will throw an
	exception.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.function</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002efunction-2279"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the symbol for the function corresponding to this frame.
	See <a href="Symbols-In-Python.html#Symbols-In-Python">Symbols In Python</a>.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.older</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eolder-2280"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the frame that called this frame.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.newer</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002enewer-2281"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the frame called by this frame.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.find_sal</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002efind_005fsal-2282"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the frame's symtab and line object.
	See <a href="Symbol-Tables-In-Python.html#Symbol-Tables-In-Python">Symbol Tables In Python</a>.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.read_register</b> (<var>register</var>)<var><a name="index-Frame_002eread_005fregister-2283"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the value of <var>register</var> in this frame. The <var>register</var>
	argument must be a string (e.g., <code>'sp'</code> or <code>'rax'</code>).
	Returns a <code>Gdb.Value</code> object. Throws an exception if <var>register</var>
	does not exist.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.read_var</b> (<var>variable </var><span class="roman">[</span><var>, block</var><span class="roman">]</span>)<var><a name="index-Frame_002eread_005fvar-2284"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Return the value of <var>variable</var> in this frame. If the optional
	argument <var>block</var> is provided, search for the variable from that
	block; otherwise start at the frame's current block (which is
	determined by the frame's current program counter). The <var>variable</var>
	argument must be a string or a <code>gdb.Symbol</code> object; <var>block</var> must be a
	<code>gdb.Block</code> object.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	<div class="defun">
	— Function: <b>Frame.select</b> ()<var><a name="index-Frame_002eselect-2285"></a></var><br>
	<blockquote><p>Set this frame to be the selected frame. See <a href="Stack.html#Stack">Examining the Stack</a>.
	</p></blockquote></div>

	</body></html>