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| <h4 class="subsection">5.2.2 Lines for a Function's Callers</h4> |
| |
| <p>A function's entry has a line for each function it was called by. |
| These lines' fields correspond to the fields of the primary line, but |
| their meanings are different because of the difference in context. |
| |
| <p>For reference, we repeat two lines from the entry for the function |
| <code>report</code>, the primary line and one caller-line preceding it, together |
| with the heading line that shows the names of the fields: |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> index % time self children called name |
| ... |
| 0.00 0.05 1/1 main [2] |
| [3] 100.0 0.00 0.05 1 report [3] |
| </pre> |
| <p>Here are the meanings of the fields in the caller-line for <code>report</code> |
| called from <code>main</code>: |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><code>self</code><dd>An estimate of the amount of time spent in <code>report</code> itself when it was |
| called from <code>main</code>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>children</code><dd>An estimate of the amount of time spent in subroutines of <code>report</code> |
| when <code>report</code> was called from <code>main</code>. |
| |
| <p>The sum of the <code>self</code> and <code>children</code> fields is an estimate |
| of the amount of time spent within calls to <code>report</code> from <code>main</code>. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>called</code><dd>Two numbers: the number of times <code>report</code> was called from <code>main</code>, |
| followed by the total number of non-recursive calls to <code>report</code> from |
| all its callers. |
| |
| <br><dt><code>name and index number</code><dd>The name of the caller of <code>report</code> to which this line applies, |
| followed by the caller's index number. |
| |
| <p>Not all functions have entries in the call graph; some |
| options to <code>gprof</code> request the omission of certain functions. |
| When a caller has no entry of its own, it still has caller-lines |
| in the entries of the functions it calls. |
| |
| <p>If the caller is part of a recursion cycle, the cycle number is |
| printed between the name and the index number. |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>If the identity of the callers of a function cannot be determined, a |
| dummy caller-line is printed which has ‘<samp><span class="samp"><spontaneous></span></samp>’ as the |
| “caller's name” and all other fields blank. This can happen for |
| signal handlers. |
| <!-- What if some calls have determinable callers' names but not all? --> |
| <!-- FIXME - still relevant? --> |
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