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 <a name="Input-Files"></a>
 <div class="header">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="Object.html#Object" accesskey="n" rel="next">Object</a>, Previous: <a href="Command-Line.html#Command-Line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command Line</a>, Up: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 <hr>
 <a name="Input-Files-1"></a>
 <h3 class="section">1.5 Input Files</h3>

 <a name="index-input"></a>
 <a name="index-source-program"></a>
 <a name="index-files_002c-input"></a>
 <p>We use the phrase <em>source program</em>, abbreviated <em>source</em>, to
 describe the program input to one run of <code>as</code>.  The program may
 be in one or more files; how the source is partitioned into files
 doesn&rsquo;t change the meaning of the source.
 </p>
 <p>The source program is a concatenation of the text in all the files, in the
 order specified.
 </p>
 <p>Each time you run <code>as</code> it assembles exactly one source
 program.  The source program is made up of one or more files.
 (The standard input is also a file.)
 </p>
 <p>You give <code>as</code> a command line that has zero or more input file
 names.  The input files are read (from left file name to right).  A
 command line argument (in any position) that has no special meaning
 is taken to be an input file name.
 </p>
 <p>If you give <code>as</code> no file names it attempts to read one input file
 from the <code>as</code> standard input, which is normally your terminal.  You
 may have to type <tt class="key">ctl-D</tt> to tell <code>as</code> there is no more program
 to assemble.
 </p>
 <p>Use &lsquo;<samp>--</samp>&rsquo; if you need to explicitly name the standard input file
 in your command line.
 </p>
 <p>If the source is empty, <code>as</code> produces a small, empty object
 file.
 </p>

 <a name="Filenames-and-Line_002dnumbers"></a>
 <h4 class="subheading">Filenames and Line-numbers</h4>

 <a name="index-input-file-linenumbers"></a>
 <a name="index-line-numbers_002c-in-input-files"></a>
 <p>There are two ways of locating a line in the input file (or files) and
 either may be used in reporting error messages.  One way refers to a line
 number in a physical file; the other refers to a line number in a
 &ldquo;logical&rdquo; file.  See <a href="Errors.html#Errors">Error and Warning Messages</a>.
 </p>
 <p><em>Physical files</em> are those files named in the command line given
 to <code>as</code>.
 </p>
 <p><em>Logical files</em> are simply names declared explicitly by assembler
 directives; they bear no relation to physical files.  Logical file names help
 error messages reflect the original source file, when <code>as</code> source
 is itself synthesized from other files.  <code>as</code> understands the
 &lsquo;<samp>#</samp>&rsquo; directives emitted by the <code>gcc</code> preprocessor.  See also
 <a href="File.html#File"><code>.file</code></a>.
 </p>
 <hr>
 <div class="header">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="Object.html#Object" accesskey="n" rel="next">Object</a>, Previous: <a href="Command-Line.html#Command-Line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command Line</a>, Up: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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	<a name="Input-Files"></a>
	<div class="header">
	<p>
	Next: <a href="Object.html#Object" accesskey="n" rel="next">Object</a>, Previous: <a href="Command-Line.html#Command-Line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command Line</a>, Up: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a>   [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
	</div>
	<hr>
	<a name="Input-Files-1"></a>
	<h3 class="section">1.5 Input Files</h3>

	<a name="index-input"></a>
	<a name="index-source-program"></a>
	<a name="index-files_002c-input"></a>
	<p>We use the phrase <em>source program</em>, abbreviated <em>source</em>, to
	describe the program input to one run of <code>as</code>. The program may
	be in one or more files; how the source is partitioned into files
	doesn’t change the meaning of the source.
	</p>
	<p>The source program is a concatenation of the text in all the files, in the
	order specified.
	</p>
	<p>Each time you run <code>as</code> it assembles exactly one source
	program. The source program is made up of one or more files.
	(The standard input is also a file.)
	</p>
	<p>You give <code>as</code> a command line that has zero or more input file
	names. The input files are read (from left file name to right). A
	command line argument (in any position) that has no special meaning
	is taken to be an input file name.
	</p>
	<p>If you give <code>as</code> no file names it attempts to read one input file
	from the <code>as</code> standard input, which is normally your terminal. You
	may have to type <tt class="key">ctl-D</tt> to tell <code>as</code> there is no more program
	to assemble.
	</p>
	<p>Use ‘<samp>--</samp>’ if you need to explicitly name the standard input file
	in your command line.
	</p>
	<p>If the source is empty, <code>as</code> produces a small, empty object
	file.
	</p>

	<a name="Filenames-and-Line_002dnumbers"></a>
	<h4 class="subheading">Filenames and Line-numbers</h4>

	<a name="index-input-file-linenumbers"></a>
	<a name="index-line-numbers_002c-in-input-files"></a>
	<p>There are two ways of locating a line in the input file (or files) and
	either may be used in reporting error messages. One way refers to a line
	number in a physical file; the other refers to a line number in a
	“logical” file. See <a href="Errors.html#Errors">Error and Warning Messages</a>.
	</p>
	<p><em>Physical files</em> are those files named in the command line given
	to <code>as</code>.
	</p>
	<p><em>Logical files</em> are simply names declared explicitly by assembler
	directives; they bear no relation to physical files. Logical file names help
	error messages reflect the original source file, when <code>as</code> source
	is itself synthesized from other files. <code>as</code> understands the
	‘<samp>#</samp>’ directives emitted by the <code>gcc</code> preprocessor. See also
	<a href="File.html#File"><code>.file</code></a>.
	</p>
	<hr>
	<div class="header">
	<p>
	Next: <a href="Object.html#Object" accesskey="n" rel="next">Object</a>, Previous: <a href="Command-Line.html#Command-Line" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Command Line</a>, Up: <a href="Overview.html#Overview" accesskey="u" rel="up">Overview</a>   [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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