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 <a name="Exception-Handling"></a>
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 <p>
 Next: <a href="Stack-Checking.html#Stack-Checking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Stack Checking</a>, Previous: <a href="Frame-Layout.html#Frame-Layout" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Frame Layout</a>, Up: <a href="Stack-and-Calling.html#Stack-and-Calling" accesskey="u" rel="up">Stack and Calling</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 <hr>
 <a name="Exception-Handling-Support"></a>
 <h4 class="subsection">17.9.2 Exception Handling Support</h4>
 <a name="index-exception-handling-1"></a>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-EH_005fRETURN_005fDATA_005fREGNO"></a>Macro: <strong>EH_RETURN_DATA_REGNO</strong> <em>(<var>N</var>)</em></dt>
 <dd><p>A C expression whose value is the <var>N</var>th register number used for
 data by exception handlers, or <code>INVALID_REGNUM</code> if fewer than
 <var>N</var> registers are usable.
 </p>
 <p>The exception handling library routines communicate with the exception
 handlers via a set of agreed upon registers.  Ideally these registers
 should be call-clobbered; it is possible to use call-saved registers,
 but may negatively impact code size.  The target must support at least
 2 data registers, but should define 4 if there are enough free registers.
 </p>
 <p>You must define this macro if you want to support call frame exception
 handling like that provided by DWARF 2.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-EH_005fRETURN_005fSTACKADJ_005fRTX"></a>Macro: <strong>EH_RETURN_STACKADJ_RTX</strong></dt>
 <dd><p>A C expression whose value is RTL representing a location in which
 to store a stack adjustment to be applied before function return.
 This is used to unwind the stack to an exception handler&rsquo;s call frame.
 It will be assigned zero on code paths that return normally.
 </p>
 <p>Typically this is a call-clobbered hard register that is otherwise
 untouched by the epilogue, but could also be a stack slot.
 </p>
 <p>Do not define this macro if the stack pointer is saved and restored
 by the regular prolog and epilog code in the call frame itself; in
 this case, the exception handling library routines will update the
 stack location to be restored in place.  Otherwise, you must define
 this macro if you want to support call frame exception handling like
 that provided by DWARF 2.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-EH_005fRETURN_005fHANDLER_005fRTX"></a>Macro: <strong>EH_RETURN_HANDLER_RTX</strong></dt>
 <dd><p>A C expression whose value is RTL representing a location in which
 to store the address of an exception handler to which we should
 return.  It will not be assigned on code paths that return normally.
 </p>
 <p>Typically this is the location in the call frame at which the normal
 return address is stored.  For targets that return by popping an
 address off the stack, this might be a memory address just below
 the <em>target</em> call frame rather than inside the current call
 frame.  If defined, <code>EH_RETURN_STACKADJ_RTX</code> will have already
 been assigned, so it may be used to calculate the location of the
 target call frame.
 </p>
 <p>Some targets have more complex requirements than storing to an
 address calculable during initial code generation.  In that case
 the <code>eh_return</code> instruction pattern should be used instead.
 </p>
 <p>If you want to support call frame exception handling, you must
 define either this macro or the <code>eh_return</code> instruction pattern.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-RETURN_005fADDR_005fOFFSET"></a>Macro: <strong>RETURN_ADDR_OFFSET</strong></dt>
 <dd><p>If defined, an integer-valued C expression for which rtl will be generated
 to add it to the exception handler address before it is searched in the
 exception handling tables, and to subtract it again from the address before
 using it to return to the exception handler.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-ASM_005fPREFERRED_005fEH_005fDATA_005fFORMAT"></a>Macro: <strong>ASM_PREFERRED_EH_DATA_FORMAT</strong> <em>(<var>code</var>, <var>global</var>)</em></dt>
 <dd><p>This macro chooses the encoding of pointers embedded in the exception
 handling sections.  If at all possible, this should be defined such
 that the exception handling section will not require dynamic relocations,
 and so may be read-only.
 </p>
 <p><var>code</var> is 0 for data, 1 for code labels, 2 for function pointers.
 <var>global</var> is true if the symbol may be affected by dynamic relocations.
 The macro should return a combination of the <code>DW_EH_PE_*</code> defines
 as found in <samp>dwarf2.h</samp>.
 </p>
 <p>If this macro is not defined, pointers will not be encoded but
 represented directly.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-ASM_005fMAYBE_005fOUTPUT_005fENCODED_005fADDR_005fRTX"></a>Macro: <strong>ASM_MAYBE_OUTPUT_ENCODED_ADDR_RTX</strong> <em>(<var>file</var>, <var>encoding</var>, <var>size</var>, <var>addr</var>, <var>done</var>)</em></dt>
 <dd><p>This macro allows the target to emit whatever special magic is required
 to represent the encoding chosen by <code>ASM_PREFERRED_EH_DATA_FORMAT</code>.
 Generic code takes care of pc-relative and indirect encodings; this must
 be defined if the target uses text-relative or data-relative encodings.
 </p>
 <p>This is a C statement that branches to <var>done</var> if the format was
 handled.  <var>encoding</var> is the format chosen, <var>size</var> is the number
 of bytes that the format occupies, <var>addr</var> is the <code>SYMBOL_REF</code>
 to be emitted.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-MD_005fFALLBACK_005fFRAME_005fSTATE_005fFOR"></a>Macro: <strong>MD_FALLBACK_FRAME_STATE_FOR</strong> <em>(<var>context</var>, <var>fs</var>)</em></dt>
 <dd><p>This macro allows the target to add CPU and operating system specific
 code to the call-frame unwinder for use when there is no unwind data
 available.  The most common reason to implement this macro is to unwind
 through signal frames.
 </p>
 <p>This macro is called from <code>uw_frame_state_for</code> in
 <samp>unwind-dw2.c</samp>, <samp>unwind-dw2-xtensa.c</samp> and
 <samp>unwind-ia64.c</samp>.  <var>context</var> is an <code>_Unwind_Context</code>;
 <var>fs</var> is an <code>_Unwind_FrameState</code>.  Examine <code>context-&gt;ra</code>
 for the address of the code being executed and <code>context-&gt;cfa</code> for
 the stack pointer value.  If the frame can be decoded, the register
 save addresses should be updated in <var>fs</var> and the macro should
 evaluate to <code>_URC_NO_REASON</code>.  If the frame cannot be decoded,
 the macro should evaluate to <code>_URC_END_OF_STACK</code>.
 </p>
 <p>For proper signal handling in Java this macro is accompanied by
 <code>MAKE_THROW_FRAME</code>, defined in <samp>libjava/include/*-signal.h</samp> headers.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-MD_005fHANDLE_005fUNWABI"></a>Macro: <strong>MD_HANDLE_UNWABI</strong> <em>(<var>context</var>, <var>fs</var>)</em></dt>
 <dd><p>This macro allows the target to add operating system specific code to the
 call-frame unwinder to handle the IA-64 <code>.unwabi</code> unwinding directive,
 usually used for signal or interrupt frames.
 </p>
 <p>This macro is called from <code>uw_update_context</code> in libgcc&rsquo;s
 <samp>unwind-ia64.c</samp>.  <var>context</var> is an <code>_Unwind_Context</code>;
 <var>fs</var> is an <code>_Unwind_FrameState</code>.  Examine <code>fs-&gt;unwabi</code>
 for the abi and context in the <code>.unwabi</code> directive.  If the
 <code>.unwabi</code> directive can be handled, the register save addresses should
 be updated in <var>fs</var>.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <dl>
 <dt><a name="index-TARGET_005fUSES_005fWEAK_005fUNWIND_005fINFO"></a>Macro: <strong>TARGET_USES_WEAK_UNWIND_INFO</strong></dt>
 <dd><p>A C expression that evaluates to true if the target requires unwind
 info to be given comdat linkage.  Define it to be <code>1</code> if comdat
 linkage is necessary.  The default is <code>0</code>.
 </p></dd></dl>

 <hr>
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 <p>
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	<a name="Exception-Handling"></a>
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	<p>
	Next: <a href="Stack-Checking.html#Stack-Checking" accesskey="n" rel="next">Stack Checking</a>, Previous: <a href="Frame-Layout.html#Frame-Layout" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Frame Layout</a>, Up: <a href="Stack-and-Calling.html#Stack-and-Calling" accesskey="u" rel="up">Stack and Calling</a>   [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
	</div>
	<hr>
	<a name="Exception-Handling-Support"></a>
	<h4 class="subsection">17.9.2 Exception Handling Support</h4>
	<a name="index-exception-handling-1"></a>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-EH_005fRETURN_005fDATA_005fREGNO"></a>Macro: <strong>EH_RETURN_DATA_REGNO</strong> <em>(<var>N</var>)</em></dt>
	<dd><p>A C expression whose value is the <var>N</var>th register number used for
	data by exception handlers, or <code>INVALID_REGNUM</code> if fewer than
	<var>N</var> registers are usable.
	</p>
	<p>The exception handling library routines communicate with the exception
	handlers via a set of agreed upon registers. Ideally these registers
	should be call-clobbered; it is possible to use call-saved registers,
	but may negatively impact code size. The target must support at least
	2 data registers, but should define 4 if there are enough free registers.
	</p>
	<p>You must define this macro if you want to support call frame exception
	handling like that provided by DWARF 2.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-EH_005fRETURN_005fSTACKADJ_005fRTX"></a>Macro: <strong>EH_RETURN_STACKADJ_RTX</strong></dt>
	<dd><p>A C expression whose value is RTL representing a location in which
	to store a stack adjustment to be applied before function return.
	This is used to unwind the stack to an exception handler’s call frame.
	It will be assigned zero on code paths that return normally.
	</p>
	<p>Typically this is a call-clobbered hard register that is otherwise
	untouched by the epilogue, but could also be a stack slot.
	</p>
	<p>Do not define this macro if the stack pointer is saved and restored
	by the regular prolog and epilog code in the call frame itself; in
	this case, the exception handling library routines will update the
	stack location to be restored in place. Otherwise, you must define
	this macro if you want to support call frame exception handling like
	that provided by DWARF 2.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-EH_005fRETURN_005fHANDLER_005fRTX"></a>Macro: <strong>EH_RETURN_HANDLER_RTX</strong></dt>
	<dd><p>A C expression whose value is RTL representing a location in which
	to store the address of an exception handler to which we should
	return. It will not be assigned on code paths that return normally.
	</p>
	<p>Typically this is the location in the call frame at which the normal
	return address is stored. For targets that return by popping an
	address off the stack, this might be a memory address just below
	the <em>target</em> call frame rather than inside the current call
	frame. If defined, <code>EH_RETURN_STACKADJ_RTX</code> will have already
	been assigned, so it may be used to calculate the location of the
	target call frame.
	</p>
	<p>Some targets have more complex requirements than storing to an
	address calculable during initial code generation. In that case
	the <code>eh_return</code> instruction pattern should be used instead.
	</p>
	<p>If you want to support call frame exception handling, you must
	define either this macro or the <code>eh_return</code> instruction pattern.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-RETURN_005fADDR_005fOFFSET"></a>Macro: <strong>RETURN_ADDR_OFFSET</strong></dt>
	<dd><p>If defined, an integer-valued C expression for which rtl will be generated
	to add it to the exception handler address before it is searched in the
	exception handling tables, and to subtract it again from the address before
	using it to return to the exception handler.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-ASM_005fPREFERRED_005fEH_005fDATA_005fFORMAT"></a>Macro: <strong>ASM_PREFERRED_EH_DATA_FORMAT</strong> <em>(<var>code</var>, <var>global</var>)</em></dt>
	<dd><p>This macro chooses the encoding of pointers embedded in the exception
	handling sections. If at all possible, this should be defined such
	that the exception handling section will not require dynamic relocations,
	and so may be read-only.
	</p>
	<p><var>code</var> is 0 for data, 1 for code labels, 2 for function pointers.
	<var>global</var> is true if the symbol may be affected by dynamic relocations.
	The macro should return a combination of the <code>DW_EH_PE_*</code> defines
	as found in <samp>dwarf2.h</samp>.
	</p>
	<p>If this macro is not defined, pointers will not be encoded but
	represented directly.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-ASM_005fMAYBE_005fOUTPUT_005fENCODED_005fADDR_005fRTX"></a>Macro: <strong>ASM_MAYBE_OUTPUT_ENCODED_ADDR_RTX</strong> <em>(<var>file</var>, <var>encoding</var>, <var>size</var>, <var>addr</var>, <var>done</var>)</em></dt>
	<dd><p>This macro allows the target to emit whatever special magic is required
	to represent the encoding chosen by <code>ASM_PREFERRED_EH_DATA_FORMAT</code>.
	Generic code takes care of pc-relative and indirect encodings; this must
	be defined if the target uses text-relative or data-relative encodings.
	</p>
	<p>This is a C statement that branches to <var>done</var> if the format was
	handled. <var>encoding</var> is the format chosen, <var>size</var> is the number
	of bytes that the format occupies, <var>addr</var> is the <code>SYMBOL_REF</code>
	to be emitted.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-MD_005fFALLBACK_005fFRAME_005fSTATE_005fFOR"></a>Macro: <strong>MD_FALLBACK_FRAME_STATE_FOR</strong> <em>(<var>context</var>, <var>fs</var>)</em></dt>
	<dd><p>This macro allows the target to add CPU and operating system specific
	code to the call-frame unwinder for use when there is no unwind data
	available. The most common reason to implement this macro is to unwind
	through signal frames.
	</p>
	<p>This macro is called from <code>uw_frame_state_for</code> in
	<samp>unwind-dw2.c</samp>, <samp>unwind-dw2-xtensa.c</samp> and
	<samp>unwind-ia64.c</samp>. <var>context</var> is an <code>_Unwind_Context</code>;
	<var>fs</var> is an <code>_Unwind_FrameState</code>. Examine <code>context->ra</code>
	for the address of the code being executed and <code>context->cfa</code> for
	the stack pointer value. If the frame can be decoded, the register
	save addresses should be updated in <var>fs</var> and the macro should
	evaluate to <code>_URC_NO_REASON</code>. If the frame cannot be decoded,
	the macro should evaluate to <code>_URC_END_OF_STACK</code>.
	</p>
	<p>For proper signal handling in Java this macro is accompanied by
	<code>MAKE_THROW_FRAME</code>, defined in <samp>libjava/include/*-signal.h</samp> headers.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-MD_005fHANDLE_005fUNWABI"></a>Macro: <strong>MD_HANDLE_UNWABI</strong> <em>(<var>context</var>, <var>fs</var>)</em></dt>
	<dd><p>This macro allows the target to add operating system specific code to the
	call-frame unwinder to handle the IA-64 <code>.unwabi</code> unwinding directive,
	usually used for signal or interrupt frames.
	</p>
	<p>This macro is called from <code>uw_update_context</code> in libgcc’s
	<samp>unwind-ia64.c</samp>. <var>context</var> is an <code>_Unwind_Context</code>;
	<var>fs</var> is an <code>_Unwind_FrameState</code>. Examine <code>fs->unwabi</code>
	for the abi and context in the <code>.unwabi</code> directive. If the
	<code>.unwabi</code> directive can be handled, the register save addresses should
	be updated in <var>fs</var>.
	</p></dd></dl>

	<dl>
	<dt><a name="index-TARGET_005fUSES_005fWEAK_005fUNWIND_005fINFO"></a>Macro: <strong>TARGET_USES_WEAK_UNWIND_INFO</strong></dt>
	<dd><p>A C expression that evaluates to true if the target requires unwind
	info to be given comdat linkage. Define it to be <code>1</code> if comdat
	linkage is necessary. The default is <code>0</code>.
	</p></dd></dl>

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