| <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> |
| <html> |
| <!-- Copyright (C) 1988-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or |
| any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
| Invariant Sections being "Funding Free Software", the Front-Cover |
| Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) |
| (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled |
| "GNU Free Documentation License". |
| |
| (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is: |
| |
| A GNU Manual |
| |
| (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is: |
| |
| You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU |
| software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise |
| funds for GNU development. --> |
| <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> |
| <head> |
| <title>GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals: Top</title> |
| |
| <meta name="description" content="GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals: Top"> |
| <meta name="keywords" content="GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals: Top"> |
| <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> |
| <meta name="distribution" content="global"> |
| <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> |
| <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> |
| <link href="#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> |
| <link href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" rel="index" title="Option Index"> |
| <link href="#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> |
| <link href="../DIR/index.html" rel="up" title="(DIR)"> |
| <link href="Contributing.html#Contributing" rel="next" title="Contributing"> |
| <style type="text/css"> |
| <!-- |
| a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} |
| blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} |
| div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} |
| div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| kbd {font-style:oblique} |
| pre.display {font-family: inherit} |
| pre.format {font-family: inherit} |
| pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} |
| pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} |
| pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} |
| pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} |
| pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} |
| pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} |
| span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} |
| span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} |
| span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} |
| span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} |
| ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} |
| --> |
| </style> |
| |
| |
| </head> |
| |
| <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> |
| <h1 class="settitle" align="center">GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) Internals</h1> |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| <p>This file documents the internals of the GNU compilers. |
| </p><br> |
| <p>Copyright © 1988-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| </p> |
| <p>Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or |
| any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the |
| Invariant Sections being “Funding Free Software”, the Front-Cover |
| Texts being (a) (see below), and with the Back-Cover Texts being (b) |
| (see below). A copy of the license is included in the section entitled |
| “GNU Free Documentation License”. |
| </p> |
| <p>(a) The FSF’s Front-Cover Text is: |
| </p> |
| <p>A GNU Manual |
| </p> |
| <p>(b) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: |
| </p> |
| <p>You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU |
| software. Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise |
| funds for GNU development. |
| </p> |
| <br> |
| |
| <a name="SEC_Overview"></a> |
| <h2 class="shortcontents-heading">Short Table of Contents</h2> |
| |
| <div class="shortcontents"> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Contributing-to-GCC-Development" href="#toc-Contributing-to-GCC-Development">1 Contributing to GCC Development</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-GCC-and-Portability" href="#toc-GCC-and-Portability">2 GCC and Portability</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Interfacing-to-GCC-Output" href="#toc-Interfacing-to-GCC-Output">3 Interfacing to GCC Output</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-The-GCC-low_002dlevel-runtime-library" href="#toc-The-GCC-low_002dlevel-runtime-library">4 The GCC low-level runtime library</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Language-Front-Ends-in-GCC" href="#toc-Language-Front-Ends-in-GCC">5 Language Front Ends in GCC</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Source-Tree-Structure-and-Build-System" href="#toc-Source-Tree-Structure-and-Build-System">6 Source Tree Structure and Build System</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Testsuites-1" href="#toc-Testsuites-1">7 Testsuites</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Option-specification-files" href="#toc-Option-specification-files">8 Option specification files</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Passes-and-Files-of-the-Compiler" href="#toc-Passes-and-Files-of-the-Compiler">9 Passes and Files of the Compiler</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-GENERIC-1" href="#toc-GENERIC-1">10 GENERIC</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-GIMPLE-1" href="#toc-GIMPLE-1">11 GIMPLE</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Analysis-and-Optimization-of-GIMPLE-tuples" href="#toc-Analysis-and-Optimization-of-GIMPLE-tuples">12 Analysis and Optimization of GIMPLE tuples</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-RTL-Representation" href="#toc-RTL-Representation">13 RTL Representation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Control-Flow-Graph" href="#toc-Control-Flow-Graph">14 Control Flow Graph</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Analysis-and-Representation-of-Loops" href="#toc-Analysis-and-Representation-of-Loops">15 Analysis and Representation of Loops</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Machine-Descriptions" href="#toc-Machine-Descriptions">16 Machine Descriptions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Target-Description-Macros-and-Functions" href="#toc-Target-Description-Macros-and-Functions">17 Target Description Macros and Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Host-Configuration" href="#toc-Host-Configuration">18 Host Configuration</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Makefile-Fragments" href="#toc-Makefile-Fragments">19 Makefile Fragments</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-collect2" href="#toc-collect2">20 <code>collect2</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Standard-Header-File-Directories" href="#toc-Standard-Header-File-Directories">21 Standard Header File Directories</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Memory-Management-and-Type-Information" href="#toc-Memory-Management-and-Type-Information">22 Memory Management and Type Information</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Plugins-1" href="#toc-Plugins-1">23 Plugins</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Link-Time-Optimization" href="#toc-Link-Time-Optimization">24 Link Time Optimization</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Match-and-Simplify-1" href="#toc-Match-and-Simplify-1">25 Match and Simplify</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Funding-Free-Software" href="#toc-Funding-Free-Software">Funding Free Software</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-The-GNU-Project-and-GNU_002fLinux" href="#toc-The-GNU-Project-and-GNU_002fLinux">The GNU Project and GNU/Linux</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-GNU-General-Public-License" href="#toc-GNU-General-Public-License">GNU General Public License</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="#toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1">GNU Free Documentation License</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Contributors-to-GCC" href="#toc-Contributors-to-GCC">Contributors to GCC</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Option-Index-1" href="#toc-Option-Index-1">Option Index</a></li> |
| <li><a name="stoc-Concept-Index-1" href="#toc-Concept-Index-1">Concept Index</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| |
| <a name="SEC_Contents"></a> |
| <h2 class="contents-heading">Table of Contents</h2> |
| |
| <div class="contents"> |
| |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Contributing-to-GCC-Development" href="Contributing.html#Contributing">1 Contributing to GCC Development</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GCC-and-Portability" href="Portability.html#Portability">2 GCC and Portability</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Interfacing-to-GCC-Output" href="Interface.html#Interface">3 Interfacing to GCC Output</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-GCC-low_002dlevel-runtime-library" href="Libgcc.html#Libgcc">4 The GCC low-level runtime library</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Routines-for-integer-arithmetic" href="Integer-library-routines.html#Integer-library-routines">4.1 Routines for integer arithmetic</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Arithmetic-functions" href="Integer-library-routines.html#Arithmetic-functions">4.1.1 Arithmetic functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Comparison-functions" href="Integer-library-routines.html#Comparison-functions">4.1.2 Comparison functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Trapping-arithmetic-functions" href="Integer-library-routines.html#Trapping-arithmetic-functions">4.1.3 Trapping arithmetic functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Bit-operations" href="Integer-library-routines.html#Bit-operations">4.1.4 Bit operations</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Routines-for-floating-point-emulation" href="Soft-float-library-routines.html#Soft-float-library-routines">4.2 Routines for floating point emulation</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Arithmetic-functions-1" href="Soft-float-library-routines.html#Arithmetic-functions-1">4.2.1 Arithmetic functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Conversion-functions" href="Soft-float-library-routines.html#Conversion-functions">4.2.2 Conversion functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Comparison-functions-1" href="Soft-float-library-routines.html#Comparison-functions-1">4.2.3 Comparison functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Other-floating_002dpoint-functions" href="Soft-float-library-routines.html#Other-floating_002dpoint-functions">4.2.4 Other floating-point functions</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Routines-for-decimal-floating-point-emulation" href="Decimal-float-library-routines.html#Decimal-float-library-routines">4.3 Routines for decimal floating point emulation</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Arithmetic-functions-2" href="Decimal-float-library-routines.html#Arithmetic-functions-2">4.3.1 Arithmetic functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Conversion-functions-1" href="Decimal-float-library-routines.html#Conversion-functions-1">4.3.2 Conversion functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Comparison-functions-2" href="Decimal-float-library-routines.html#Comparison-functions-2">4.3.3 Comparison functions</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Routines-for-fixed_002dpoint-fractional-emulation" href="Fixed_002dpoint-fractional-library-routines.html#Fixed_002dpoint-fractional-library-routines">4.4 Routines for fixed-point fractional emulation</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Arithmetic-functions-3" href="Fixed_002dpoint-fractional-library-routines.html#Arithmetic-functions-3">4.4.1 Arithmetic functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Comparison-functions-3" href="Fixed_002dpoint-fractional-library-routines.html#Comparison-functions-3">4.4.2 Comparison functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Conversion-functions-2" href="Fixed_002dpoint-fractional-library-routines.html#Conversion-functions-2">4.4.3 Conversion functions</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Language_002dindependent-routines-for-exception-handling" href="Exception-handling-routines.html#Exception-handling-routines">4.5 Language-independent routines for exception handling</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Miscellaneous-runtime-library-routines" href="Miscellaneous-routines.html#Miscellaneous-routines">4.6 Miscellaneous runtime library routines</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Cache-control-functions" href="Miscellaneous-routines.html#Cache-control-functions">4.6.1 Cache control functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Split-stack-functions-and-variables" href="Miscellaneous-routines.html#Split-stack-functions-and-variables">4.6.2 Split stack functions and variables</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Language-Front-Ends-in-GCC" href="Languages.html#Languages">5 Language Front Ends in GCC</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Source-Tree-Structure-and-Build-System" href="Source-Tree.html#Source-Tree">6 Source Tree Structure and Build System</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Configure-Terms-and-History" href="Configure-Terms.html#Configure-Terms">6.1 Configure Terms and History</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Top-Level-Source-Directory" href="Top-Level.html#Top-Level">6.2 Top Level Source Directory</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-gcc-Subdirectory" href="gcc-Directory.html#gcc-Directory">6.3 The <samp>gcc</samp> Subdirectory</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Subdirectories-of-gcc" href="Subdirectories.html#Subdirectories">6.3.1 Subdirectories of <samp>gcc</samp></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Configuration-in-the-gcc-Directory" href="Configuration.html#Configuration">6.3.2 Configuration in the <samp>gcc</samp> Directory</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Scripts-Used-by-configure" href="Config-Fragments.html#Config-Fragments">6.3.2.1 Scripts Used by <samp>configure</samp></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-config_002ebuild_003b-config_002ehost_003b-and-config_002egcc-Files" href="System-Config.html#System-Config">6.3.2.2 The <samp>config.build</samp>; <samp>config.host</samp>; and <samp>config.gcc</samp> Files</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Files-Created-by-configure" href="Configuration-Files.html#Configuration-Files">6.3.2.3 Files Created by <code>configure</code></a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Build-System-in-the-gcc-Directory" href="Build.html#Build">6.3.3 Build System in the <samp>gcc</samp> Directory</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Makefile-Targets" href="Makefile.html#Makefile">6.3.4 Makefile Targets</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Library-Source-Files-and-Headers-under-the-gcc-Directory" href="Library-Files.html#Library-Files">6.3.5 Library Source Files and Headers under the <samp>gcc</samp> Directory</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Headers-Installed-by-GCC" href="Headers.html#Headers">6.3.6 Headers Installed by GCC</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Building-Documentation" href="Documentation.html#Documentation">6.3.7 Building Documentation</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Texinfo-Manuals-1" href="Texinfo-Manuals.html#Texinfo-Manuals">6.3.7.1 Texinfo Manuals</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Man-Page-Generation-1" href="Man-Page-Generation.html#Man-Page-Generation">6.3.7.2 Man Page Generation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Miscellaneous-Documentation" href="Miscellaneous-Docs.html#Miscellaneous-Docs">6.3.7.3 Miscellaneous Documentation</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Anatomy-of-a-Language-Front-End" href="Front-End.html#Front-End">6.3.8 Anatomy of a Language Front End</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Front-End-language-Directory" href="Front-End-Directory.html#Front-End-Directory">6.3.8.1 The Front End <samp><var>language</var></samp> Directory</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Front-End-config_002dlang_002ein-File" href="Front-End-Config.html#Front-End-Config">6.3.8.2 The Front End <samp>config-lang.in</samp> File</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Front-End-Make_002dlang_002ein-File" href="Front-End-Makefile.html#Front-End-Makefile">6.3.8.3 The Front End <samp>Make-lang.in</samp> File</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Anatomy-of-a-Target-Back-End" href="Back-End.html#Back-End">6.3.9 Anatomy of a Target Back End</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Testsuites-1" href="Testsuites.html#Testsuites">7 Testsuites</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Idioms-Used-in-Testsuite-Code" href="Test-Idioms.html#Test-Idioms">7.1 Idioms Used in Testsuite Code</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Directives-used-within-DejaGnu-tests" href="Test-Directives.html#Test-Directives">7.2 Directives used within DejaGnu tests</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Syntax-and-Descriptions-of-test-directives" href="Directives.html#Directives">7.2.1 Syntax and Descriptions of test directives</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Specify-how-to-build-the-test" href="Directives.html#Specify-how-to-build-the-test">7.2.1.1 Specify how to build the test</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Specify-additional-compiler-options" href="Directives.html#Specify-additional-compiler-options">7.2.1.2 Specify additional compiler options</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Modify-the-test-timeout-value" href="Directives.html#Modify-the-test-timeout-value">7.2.1.3 Modify the test timeout value</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Skip-a-test-for-some-targets" href="Directives.html#Skip-a-test-for-some-targets">7.2.1.4 Skip a test for some targets</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Expect-a-test-to-fail-for-some-targets" href="Directives.html#Expect-a-test-to-fail-for-some-targets">7.2.1.5 Expect a test to fail for some targets</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Expect-the-test-executable-to-fail" href="Directives.html#Expect-the-test-executable-to-fail">7.2.1.6 Expect the test executable to fail</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Verify-compiler-messages" href="Directives.html#Verify-compiler-messages">7.2.1.7 Verify compiler messages</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Verify-output-of-the-test-executable" href="Directives.html#Verify-output-of-the-test-executable">7.2.1.8 Verify output of the test executable</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Specify-additional-files-for-a-test" href="Directives.html#Specify-additional-files-for-a-test">7.2.1.9 Specify additional files for a test</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Add-checks-at-the-end-of-a-test" href="Directives.html#Add-checks-at-the-end-of-a-test">7.2.1.10 Add checks at the end of a test</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Selecting-targets-to-which-a-test-applies" href="Selectors.html#Selectors">7.2.2 Selecting targets to which a test applies</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Keywords-describing-target-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Effective_002dTarget-Keywords">7.2.3 Keywords describing target attributes</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Data-type-sizes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Data-type-sizes">7.2.3.1 Data type sizes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Fortran_002dspecific-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Fortran_002dspecific-attributes">7.2.3.2 Fortran-specific attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Vector_002dspecific-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Vector_002dspecific-attributes">7.2.3.3 Vector-specific attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Thread-Local-Storage-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Thread-Local-Storage-attributes">7.2.3.4 Thread Local Storage attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Decimal-floating-point-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Decimal-floating-point-attributes">7.2.3.5 Decimal floating point attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-ARM_002dspecific-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#ARM_002dspecific-attributes">7.2.3.6 ARM-specific attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-MIPS_002dspecific-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#MIPS_002dspecific-attributes">7.2.3.7 MIPS-specific attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-PowerPC_002dspecific-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#PowerPC_002dspecific-attributes">7.2.3.8 PowerPC-specific attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Other-hardware-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Other-hardware-attributes">7.2.3.9 Other hardware attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Environment-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Environment-attributes">7.2.3.10 Environment attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Other-attributes" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Other-attributes">7.2.3.11 Other attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Local-to-tests-in-gcc_002etarget_002fi386" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Local-to-tests-in-gcc_002etarget_002fi386">7.2.3.12 Local to tests in <code>gcc.target/i386</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Local-to-tests-in-gcc_002etarget_002fspu_002fea" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Local-to-tests-in-gcc_002etarget_002fspu_002fea">7.2.3.13 Local to tests in <code>gcc.target/spu/ea</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Local-to-tests-in-gcc_002etest_002dframework" href="Effective_002dTarget-Keywords.html#Local-to-tests-in-gcc_002etest_002dframework">7.2.3.14 Local to tests in <code>gcc.test-framework</code></a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Features-for-dg_002dadd_002doptions" href="Add-Options.html#Add-Options">7.2.4 Features for <code>dg-add-options</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Variants-of-dg_002drequire_002dsupport" href="Require-Support.html#Require-Support">7.2.5 Variants of <code>dg-require-<var>support</var></code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Commands-for-use-in-dg_002dfinal" href="Final-Actions.html#Final-Actions">7.2.6 Commands for use in <code>dg-final</code></a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Scan-a-particular-file" href="Final-Actions.html#Scan-a-particular-file">7.2.6.1 Scan a particular file</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Scan-the-assembly-output" href="Final-Actions.html#Scan-the-assembly-output">7.2.6.2 Scan the assembly output</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Scan-optimization-dump-files" href="Final-Actions.html#Scan-optimization-dump-files">7.2.6.3 Scan optimization dump files</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Verify-that-an-output-files-exists-or-not" href="Final-Actions.html#Verify-that-an-output-files-exists-or-not">7.2.6.4 Verify that an output files exists or not</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Check-for-LTO-tests" href="Final-Actions.html#Check-for-LTO-tests">7.2.6.5 Check for LTO tests</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Checks-for-gcov-tests" href="Final-Actions.html#Checks-for-gcov-tests">7.2.6.6 Checks for <code>gcov</code> tests</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Clean-up-generated-test-files" href="Final-Actions.html#Clean-up-generated-test-files">7.2.6.7 Clean up generated test files</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Ada-Language-Testsuites" href="Ada-Tests.html#Ada-Tests">7.3 Ada Language Testsuites</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-C-Language-Testsuites" href="C-Tests.html#C-Tests">7.4 C Language Testsuites</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Java-library-testsuites_002e" href="libgcj-Tests.html#libgcj-Tests">7.5 The Java library testsuites.</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Support-for-testing-link_002dtime-optimizations" href="LTO-Testing.html#LTO-Testing">7.6 Support for testing link-time optimizations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Support-for-testing-gcov" href="gcov-Testing.html#gcov-Testing">7.7 Support for testing <code>gcov</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Support-for-testing-profile_002ddirected-optimizations" href="profopt-Testing.html#profopt-Testing">7.8 Support for testing profile-directed optimizations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Support-for-testing-binary-compatibility" href="compat-Testing.html#compat-Testing">7.9 Support for testing binary compatibility</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Support-for-torture-testing-using-multiple-options" href="Torture-Tests.html#Torture-Tests">7.10 Support for torture testing using multiple options</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Option-specification-files" href="Options.html#Options">8 Option specification files</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Option-file-format-1" href="Option-file-format.html#Option-file-format">8.1 Option file format</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Option-properties-1" href="Option-properties.html#Option-properties">8.2 Option properties</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Passes-and-Files-of-the-Compiler" href="Passes.html#Passes">9 Passes and Files of the Compiler</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Parsing-pass-1" href="Parsing-pass.html#Parsing-pass">9.1 Parsing pass</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Cilk-Plus-Transformation-1" href="Cilk-Plus-Transformation.html#Cilk-Plus-Transformation">9.2 Cilk Plus Transformation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Gimplification-pass-1" href="Gimplification-pass.html#Gimplification-pass">9.3 Gimplification pass</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Pass-manager-1" href="Pass-manager.html#Pass-manager">9.4 Pass manager</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Tree-SSA-passes-1" href="Tree-SSA-passes.html#Tree-SSA-passes">9.5 Tree SSA passes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-passes-1" href="RTL-passes.html#RTL-passes">9.6 RTL passes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Optimization-info-1" href="Optimization-info.html#Optimization-info">9.7 Optimization info</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Dump-setup-1" href="Dump-setup.html#Dump-setup">9.7.1 Dump setup</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Optimization-groups-1" href="Optimization-groups.html#Optimization-groups">9.7.2 Optimization groups</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Dump-files-and-streams-1" href="Dump-files-and-streams.html#Dump-files-and-streams">9.7.3 Dump files and streams</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Dump-output-verbosity-1" href="Dump-output-verbosity.html#Dump-output-verbosity">9.7.4 Dump output verbosity</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Dump-types-1" href="Dump-types.html#Dump-types">9.7.5 Dump types</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Dump-examples-1" href="Dump-examples.html#Dump-examples">9.7.6 Dump examples</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GENERIC-1" href="GENERIC.html#GENERIC">10 GENERIC</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Deficiencies-1" href="Deficiencies.html#Deficiencies">10.1 Deficiencies</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Overview-1" href="Tree-overview.html#Tree-overview">10.2 Overview</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Trees" href="Macros-and-Functions.html#Macros-and-Functions">10.2.1 Trees</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Identifiers-1" href="Identifiers.html#Identifiers">10.2.2 Identifiers</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Containers-1" href="Containers.html#Containers">10.2.3 Containers</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Types-1" href="Types.html#Types">10.3 Types</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Declarations-1" href="Declarations.html#Declarations">10.4 Declarations</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Working-with-declarations-1" href="Working-with-declarations.html#Working-with-declarations">10.4.1 Working with declarations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Internal-structure-1" href="Internal-structure.html#Internal-structure">10.4.2 Internal structure</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Current-structure-hierarchy-1" href="Current-structure-hierarchy.html#Current-structure-hierarchy">10.4.2.1 Current structure hierarchy</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Adding-new-DECL-node-types-1" href="Adding-new-DECL-node-types.html#Adding-new-DECL-node-types">10.4.2.2 Adding new DECL node types</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Attributes-in-trees" href="Attributes.html#Attributes">10.5 Attributes in trees</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Expressions-1" href="Expression-trees.html#Expression-trees">10.6 Expressions</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Constant-expressions-1" href="Constant-expressions.html#Constant-expressions">10.6.1 Constant expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-References-to-storage" href="Storage-References.html#Storage-References">10.6.2 References to storage</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Unary-and-Binary-Expressions-1" href="Unary-and-Binary-Expressions.html#Unary-and-Binary-Expressions">10.6.3 Unary and Binary Expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Vectors-1" href="Vectors.html#Vectors">10.6.4 Vectors</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Statements-1" href="Statements.html#Statements">10.7 Statements</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Basic-Statements-1" href="Basic-Statements.html#Basic-Statements">10.7.1 Basic Statements</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Blocks-1" href="Blocks.html#Blocks">10.7.2 Blocks</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Statement-Sequences-1" href="Statement-Sequences.html#Statement-Sequences">10.7.3 Statement Sequences</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Empty-Statements-1" href="Empty-Statements.html#Empty-Statements">10.7.4 Empty Statements</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Jumps-1" href="Jumps.html#Jumps">10.7.5 Jumps</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Cleanups-1" href="Cleanups.html#Cleanups">10.7.6 Cleanups</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-OpenMP-1" href="OpenMP.html#OpenMP">10.7.7 OpenMP</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-OpenACC-1" href="OpenACC.html#OpenACC">10.7.8 OpenACC</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Functions-1" href="Functions.html#Functions">10.8 Functions</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Function-Basics-1" href="Function-Basics.html#Function-Basics">10.8.1 Function Basics</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Function-Properties-1" href="Function-Properties.html#Function-Properties">10.8.2 Function Properties</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Language_002ddependent-trees-1" href="Language_002ddependent-trees.html#Language_002ddependent-trees">10.9 Language-dependent trees</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-C-and-C_002b_002b-Trees-1" href="C-and-C_002b_002b-Trees.html#C-and-C_002b_002b-Trees">10.10 C and C++ Trees</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Types-for-C_002b_002b-1" href="Types-for-C_002b_002b.html#Types-for-C_002b_002b">10.10.1 Types for C++</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Namespaces-1" href="Namespaces.html#Namespaces">10.10.2 Namespaces</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Classes-1" href="Classes.html#Classes">10.10.3 Classes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Functions-for-C_002b_002b-1" href="Functions-for-C_002b_002b.html#Functions-for-C_002b_002b">10.10.4 Functions for C++</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Statements-for-C_002b_002b-1" href="Statements-for-C_002b_002b.html#Statements-for-C_002b_002b">10.10.5 Statements for C++</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Statements-2" href="Statements-for-C_002b_002b.html#Statements-2">10.10.5.1 Statements</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-C_002b_002b-Expressions-1" href="C_002b_002b-Expressions.html#C_002b_002b-Expressions">10.10.6 C++ Expressions</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Java-Trees-1" href="Java-Trees.html#Java-Trees">10.11 Java Trees</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE-1" href="GIMPLE.html#GIMPLE">11 GIMPLE</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Tuple-representation-1" href="Tuple-representation.html#Tuple-representation">11.1 Tuple representation</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-gimple_005fstatement_005fbase-_0028gsbase_0029" href="Tuple-representation.html#gimple_005fstatement_005fbase-_0028gsbase_0029">11.1.1 <code>gimple_statement_base</code> (gsbase)</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-gimple_005fstatement_005fwith_005fops" href="Tuple-representation.html#gimple_005fstatement_005fwith_005fops">11.1.2 <code>gimple_statement_with_ops</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-gimple_005fstatement_005fwith_005fmemory_005fops" href="Tuple-representation.html#gimple_005fstatement_005fwith_005fmemory_005fops">11.1.3 <code>gimple_statement_with_memory_ops</code></a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Class-hierarchy-of-GIMPLE-statements-1" href="Class-hierarchy-of-GIMPLE-statements.html#Class-hierarchy-of-GIMPLE-statements">11.2 Class hierarchy of GIMPLE statements</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE-instruction-set-1" href="GIMPLE-instruction-set.html#GIMPLE-instruction-set">11.3 GIMPLE instruction set</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Exception-Handling-1" href="GIMPLE-Exception-Handling.html#GIMPLE-Exception-Handling">11.4 Exception Handling</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Temporaries-1" href="Temporaries.html#Temporaries">11.5 Temporaries</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Operands-1" href="Operands.html#Operands">11.6 Operands</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Compound-Expressions-1" href="Compound-Expressions.html#Compound-Expressions">11.6.1 Compound Expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Compound-Lvalues-1" href="Compound-Lvalues.html#Compound-Lvalues">11.6.2 Compound Lvalues</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Conditional-Expressions-1" href="Conditional-Expressions.html#Conditional-Expressions">11.6.3 Conditional Expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Logical-Operators-1" href="Logical-Operators.html#Logical-Operators">11.6.4 Logical Operators</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Manipulating-operands" href="Logical-Operators.html#Manipulating-operands">11.6.5 Manipulating operands</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Operand-vector-allocation" href="Logical-Operators.html#Operand-vector-allocation">11.6.6 Operand vector allocation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Operand-validation" href="Logical-Operators.html#Operand-validation">11.6.7 Operand validation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Statement-validation" href="Logical-Operators.html#Statement-validation">11.6.8 Statement validation</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Manipulating-GIMPLE-statements-1" href="Manipulating-GIMPLE-statements.html#Manipulating-GIMPLE-statements">11.7 Manipulating GIMPLE statements</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Common-accessors" href="Manipulating-GIMPLE-statements.html#Common-accessors">11.7.1 Common accessors</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Tuple-specific-accessors-1" href="Tuple-specific-accessors.html#Tuple-specific-accessors">11.8 Tuple specific accessors</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fASM-1" href="GIMPLE_005fASM.html#GIMPLE_005fASM">11.8.1 <code>GIMPLE_ASM</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fASSIGN-1" href="GIMPLE_005fASSIGN.html#GIMPLE_005fASSIGN">11.8.2 <code>GIMPLE_ASSIGN</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fBIND-1" href="GIMPLE_005fBIND.html#GIMPLE_005fBIND">11.8.3 <code>GIMPLE_BIND</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fCALL-1" href="GIMPLE_005fCALL.html#GIMPLE_005fCALL">11.8.4 <code>GIMPLE_CALL</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fCATCH-1" href="GIMPLE_005fCATCH.html#GIMPLE_005fCATCH">11.8.5 <code>GIMPLE_CATCH</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fCOND-1" href="GIMPLE_005fCOND.html#GIMPLE_005fCOND">11.8.6 <code>GIMPLE_COND</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fDEBUG-1" href="GIMPLE_005fDEBUG.html#GIMPLE_005fDEBUG">11.8.7 <code>GIMPLE_DEBUG</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fEH_005fFILTER-1" href="GIMPLE_005fEH_005fFILTER.html#GIMPLE_005fEH_005fFILTER">11.8.8 <code>GIMPLE_EH_FILTER</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fLABEL-1" href="GIMPLE_005fLABEL.html#GIMPLE_005fLABEL">11.8.9 <code>GIMPLE_LABEL</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fGOTO-1" href="GIMPLE_005fGOTO.html#GIMPLE_005fGOTO">11.8.10 <code>GIMPLE_GOTO</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fNOP-1" href="GIMPLE_005fNOP.html#GIMPLE_005fNOP">11.8.11 <code>GIMPLE_NOP</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fATOMIC_005fLOAD-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fATOMIC_005fLOAD.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fATOMIC_005fLOAD">11.8.12 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_ATOMIC_LOAD</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fATOMIC_005fSTORE-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fATOMIC_005fSTORE.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fATOMIC_005fSTORE">11.8.13 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_ATOMIC_STORE</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fCONTINUE-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fCONTINUE.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fCONTINUE">11.8.14 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_CONTINUE</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fCRITICAL-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fCRITICAL.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fCRITICAL">11.8.15 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_CRITICAL</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fFOR-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fFOR.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fFOR">11.8.16 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_FOR</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fMASTER-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fMASTER.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fMASTER">11.8.17 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_MASTER</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fORDERED-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fORDERED.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fORDERED">11.8.18 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_ORDERED</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fPARALLEL-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fPARALLEL.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fPARALLEL">11.8.19 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_PARALLEL</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fRETURN-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fRETURN.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fRETURN">11.8.20 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_RETURN</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSECTION-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSECTION.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSECTION">11.8.21 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_SECTION</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSECTIONS-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSECTIONS.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSECTIONS">11.8.22 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_SECTIONS</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSINGLE-1" href="GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSINGLE.html#GIMPLE_005fOMP_005fSINGLE">11.8.23 <code>GIMPLE_OMP_SINGLE</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fPHI-1" href="GIMPLE_005fPHI.html#GIMPLE_005fPHI">11.8.24 <code>GIMPLE_PHI</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fRESX-1" href="GIMPLE_005fRESX.html#GIMPLE_005fRESX">11.8.25 <code>GIMPLE_RESX</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fRETURN-1" href="GIMPLE_005fRETURN.html#GIMPLE_005fRETURN">11.8.26 <code>GIMPLE_RETURN</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fSWITCH-1" href="GIMPLE_005fSWITCH.html#GIMPLE_005fSWITCH">11.8.27 <code>GIMPLE_SWITCH</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fTRY-1" href="GIMPLE_005fTRY.html#GIMPLE_005fTRY">11.8.28 <code>GIMPLE_TRY</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE_005fWITH_005fCLEANUP_005fEXPR-1" href="GIMPLE_005fWITH_005fCLEANUP_005fEXPR.html#GIMPLE_005fWITH_005fCLEANUP_005fEXPR">11.8.29 <code>GIMPLE_WITH_CLEANUP_EXPR</code></a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE-sequences-1" href="GIMPLE-sequences.html#GIMPLE-sequences">11.9 GIMPLE sequences</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Sequence-iterators-1" href="Sequence-iterators.html#Sequence-iterators">11.10 Sequence iterators</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Adding-a-new-GIMPLE-statement-code-1" href="Adding-a-new-GIMPLE-statement-code.html#Adding-a-new-GIMPLE-statement-code">11.11 Adding a new GIMPLE statement code</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Statement-and-operand-traversals-1" href="Statement-and-operand-traversals.html#Statement-and-operand-traversals">11.12 Statement and operand traversals</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Analysis-and-Optimization-of-GIMPLE-tuples" href="Tree-SSA.html#Tree-SSA">12 Analysis and Optimization of GIMPLE tuples</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Annotations-1" href="Annotations.html#Annotations">12.1 Annotations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-SSA-Operands-1" href="SSA-Operands.html#SSA-Operands">12.2 SSA Operands</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Operand-Iterators-And-Access-Routines" href="SSA-Operands.html#Operand-Iterators-And-Access-Routines">12.2.1 Operand Iterators And Access Routines</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Immediate-Uses" href="SSA-Operands.html#Immediate-Uses">12.2.2 Immediate Uses</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Static-Single-Assignment" href="SSA.html#SSA">12.3 Static Single Assignment</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Preserving-the-SSA-form" href="SSA.html#Preserving-the-SSA-form">12.3.1 Preserving the SSA form</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Preserving-the-virtual-SSA-form" href="SSA.html#Preserving-the-virtual-SSA-form">12.3.2 Preserving the virtual SSA form</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Examining-SSA_005fNAME-nodes" href="SSA.html#Examining-SSA_005fNAME-nodes">12.3.3 Examining <code>SSA_NAME</code> nodes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Walking-the-dominator-tree" href="SSA.html#Walking-the-dominator-tree">12.3.4 Walking the dominator tree</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Alias-analysis-1" href="Alias-analysis.html#Alias-analysis">12.4 Alias analysis</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Memory-model-1" href="Memory-model.html#Memory-model">12.5 Memory model</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Representation" href="RTL.html#RTL">13 RTL Representation</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Object-Types" href="RTL-Objects.html#RTL-Objects">13.1 RTL Object Types</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Classes-and-Formats" href="RTL-Classes.html#RTL-Classes">13.2 RTL Classes and Formats</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Access-to-Operands" href="Accessors.html#Accessors">13.3 Access to Operands</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Access-to-Special-Operands" href="Special-Accessors.html#Special-Accessors">13.4 Access to Special Operands</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Flags-in-an-RTL-Expression" href="Flags.html#Flags">13.5 Flags in an RTL Expression</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Machine-Modes-1" href="Machine-Modes.html#Machine-Modes">13.6 Machine Modes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Constant-Expression-Types" href="Constants.html#Constants">13.7 Constant Expression Types</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Registers-and-Memory" href="Regs-and-Memory.html#Regs-and-Memory">13.8 Registers and Memory</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Expressions-for-Arithmetic" href="Arithmetic.html#Arithmetic">13.9 RTL Expressions for Arithmetic</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Comparison-Operations" href="Comparisons.html#Comparisons">13.10 Comparison Operations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Bit_002dFields-1" href="Bit_002dFields.html#Bit_002dFields">13.11 Bit-Fields</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Vector-Operations-1" href="Vector-Operations.html#Vector-Operations">13.12 Vector Operations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Conversions-1" href="Conversions.html#Conversions">13.13 Conversions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Declarations-2" href="RTL-Declarations.html#RTL-Declarations">13.14 Declarations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Side-Effect-Expressions" href="Side-Effects.html#Side-Effects">13.15 Side Effect Expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Embedded-Side_002dEffects-on-Addresses" href="Incdec.html#Incdec">13.16 Embedded Side-Effects on Addresses</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Assembler-Instructions-as-Expressions" href="Assembler.html#Assembler">13.17 Assembler Instructions as Expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Variable-Location-Debug-Information-in-RTL" href="Debug-Information.html#Debug-Information">13.18 Variable Location Debug Information in RTL</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Insns-1" href="Insns.html#Insns">13.19 Insns</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Representation-of-Function_002dCall-Insns" href="Calls.html#Calls">13.20 RTL Representation of Function-Call Insns</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Structure-Sharing-Assumptions" href="Sharing.html#Sharing">13.21 Structure Sharing Assumptions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Reading-RTL-1" href="Reading-RTL.html#Reading-RTL">13.22 Reading RTL</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Control-Flow-Graph" href="Control-Flow.html#Control-Flow">14 Control Flow Graph</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Basic-Blocks-1" href="Basic-Blocks.html#Basic-Blocks">14.1 Basic Blocks</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Edges-1" href="Edges.html#Edges">14.2 Edges</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Profile-information-1" href="Profile-information.html#Profile-information">14.3 Profile information</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Maintaining-the-CFG-1" href="Maintaining-the-CFG.html#Maintaining-the-CFG">14.4 Maintaining the CFG</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Liveness-information-1" href="Liveness-information.html#Liveness-information">14.5 Liveness information</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Analysis-and-Representation-of-Loops" href="Loop-Analysis-and-Representation.html#Loop-Analysis-and-Representation">15 Analysis and Representation of Loops</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Loop-representation-1" href="Loop-representation.html#Loop-representation">15.1 Loop representation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Loop-querying-1" href="Loop-querying.html#Loop-querying">15.2 Loop querying</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Loop-manipulation-1" href="Loop-manipulation.html#Loop-manipulation">15.3 Loop manipulation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Loop_002dclosed-SSA-form" href="LCSSA.html#LCSSA">15.4 Loop-closed SSA form</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Scalar-evolutions-1" href="Scalar-evolutions.html#Scalar-evolutions">15.5 Scalar evolutions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-IV-analysis-on-RTL" href="loop_002div.html#loop_002div">15.6 IV analysis on RTL</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Number-of-iterations-analysis" href="Number-of-iterations.html#Number-of-iterations">15.7 Number of iterations analysis</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Data-Dependency-Analysis" href="Dependency-analysis.html#Dependency-analysis">15.8 Data Dependency Analysis</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Omega-a-solver-for-linear-programming-problems" href="Omega.html#Omega">15.9 Omega a solver for linear programming problems</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Machine-Descriptions" href="Machine-Desc.html#Machine-Desc">16 Machine Descriptions</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Overview-of-How-the-Machine-Description-is-Used" href="Overview.html#Overview">16.1 Overview of How the Machine Description is Used</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Everything-about-Instruction-Patterns" href="Patterns.html#Patterns">16.2 Everything about Instruction Patterns</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Example-of-define_005finsn" href="Example.html#Example">16.3 Example of <code>define_insn</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Template-1" href="RTL-Template.html#RTL-Template">16.4 RTL Template</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Output-Templates-and-Operand-Substitution" href="Output-Template.html#Output-Template">16.5 Output Templates and Operand Substitution</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-C-Statements-for-Assembler-Output" href="Output-Statement.html#Output-Statement">16.6 C Statements for Assembler Output</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Predicates-1" href="Predicates.html#Predicates">16.7 Predicates</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Machine_002dIndependent-Predicates-1" href="Machine_002dIndependent-Predicates.html#Machine_002dIndependent-Predicates">16.7.1 Machine-Independent Predicates</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-Machine_002dSpecific-Predicates" href="Defining-Predicates.html#Defining-Predicates">16.7.2 Defining Machine-Specific Predicates</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Operand-Constraints" href="Constraints.html#Constraints">16.8 Operand Constraints</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Simple-Constraints-1" href="Simple-Constraints.html#Simple-Constraints">16.8.1 Simple Constraints</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Multiple-Alternative-Constraints" href="Multi_002dAlternative.html#Multi_002dAlternative">16.8.2 Multiple Alternative Constraints</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Register-Class-Preferences" href="Class-Preferences.html#Class-Preferences">16.8.3 Register Class Preferences</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Constraint-Modifier-Characters" href="Modifiers.html#Modifiers">16.8.4 Constraint Modifier Characters</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Constraints-for-Particular-Machines" href="Machine-Constraints.html#Machine-Constraints">16.8.5 Constraints for Particular Machines</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Disable-insn-alternatives-using-the-enabled-attribute" href="Disable-Insn-Alternatives.html#Disable-Insn-Alternatives">16.8.6 Disable insn alternatives using the <code>enabled</code> attribute</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-Machine_002dSpecific-Constraints" href="Define-Constraints.html#Define-Constraints">16.8.7 Defining Machine-Specific Constraints</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Testing-constraints-from-C" href="C-Constraint-Interface.html#C-Constraint-Interface">16.8.8 Testing constraints from C</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Standard-Pattern-Names-For-Generation" href="Standard-Names.html#Standard-Names">16.9 Standard Pattern Names For Generation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-When-the-Order-of-Patterns-Matters" href="Pattern-Ordering.html#Pattern-Ordering">16.10 When the Order of Patterns Matters</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Interdependence-of-Patterns" href="Dependent-Patterns.html#Dependent-Patterns">16.11 Interdependence of Patterns</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-Jump-Instruction-Patterns" href="Jump-Patterns.html#Jump-Patterns">16.12 Defining Jump Instruction Patterns</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-Looping-Instruction-Patterns" href="Looping-Patterns.html#Looping-Patterns">16.13 Defining Looping Instruction Patterns</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Canonicalization-of-Instructions" href="Insn-Canonicalizations.html#Insn-Canonicalizations">16.14 Canonicalization of Instructions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-RTL-Sequences-for-Code-Generation" href="Expander-Definitions.html#Expander-Definitions">16.15 Defining RTL Sequences for Code Generation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-How-to-Split-Instructions" href="Insn-Splitting.html#Insn-Splitting">16.16 Defining How to Split Instructions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Including-Patterns-in-Machine-Descriptions_002e" href="Including-Patterns.html#Including-Patterns">16.17 Including Patterns in Machine Descriptions.</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Generation-Tool-Options-for-Directory-Search" href="Including-Patterns.html#RTL-Generation-Tool-Options-for-Directory-Search">16.17.1 RTL Generation Tool Options for Directory Search</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Machine_002dSpecific-Peephole-Optimizers" href="Peephole-Definitions.html#Peephole-Definitions">16.18 Machine-Specific Peephole Optimizers</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-to-Text-Peephole-Optimizers" href="define_005fpeephole.html#define_005fpeephole">16.18.1 RTL to Text Peephole Optimizers</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-to-RTL-Peephole-Optimizers" href="define_005fpeephole2.html#define_005fpeephole2">16.18.2 RTL to RTL Peephole Optimizers</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Instruction-Attributes" href="Insn-Attributes.html#Insn-Attributes">16.19 Instruction Attributes</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-Attributes-and-their-Values" href="Defining-Attributes.html#Defining-Attributes">16.19.1 Defining Attributes and their Values</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Attribute-Expressions" href="Expressions.html#Expressions">16.19.2 Attribute Expressions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Assigning-Attribute-Values-to-Insns" href="Tagging-Insns.html#Tagging-Insns">16.19.3 Assigning Attribute Values to Insns</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Example-of-Attribute-Specifications" href="Attr-Example.html#Attr-Example">16.19.4 Example of Attribute Specifications</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Computing-the-Length-of-an-Insn" href="Insn-Lengths.html#Insn-Lengths">16.19.5 Computing the Length of an Insn</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Constant-Attributes-1" href="Constant-Attributes.html#Constant-Attributes">16.19.6 Constant Attributes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Mnemonic-Attribute-1" href="Mnemonic-Attribute.html#Mnemonic-Attribute">16.19.7 Mnemonic Attribute</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Delay-Slot-Scheduling" href="Delay-Slots.html#Delay-Slots">16.19.8 Delay Slot Scheduling</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Specifying-processor-pipeline-description" href="Processor-pipeline-description.html#Processor-pipeline-description">16.19.9 Specifying processor pipeline description</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Conditional-Execution-1" href="Conditional-Execution.html#Conditional-Execution">16.20 Conditional Execution</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-RTL-Templates-Transformations" href="Define-Subst.html#Define-Subst">16.21 RTL Templates Transformations</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-define_005fsubst-Example" href="Define-Subst-Example.html#Define-Subst-Example">16.21.1 <code>define_subst</code> Example</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Pattern-Matching-in-define_005fsubst" href="Define-Subst-Pattern-Matching.html#Define-Subst-Pattern-Matching">16.21.2 Pattern Matching in <code>define_subst</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Generation-of-output-template-in-define_005fsubst" href="Define-Subst-Output-Template.html#Define-Subst-Output-Template">16.21.3 Generation of output template in <code>define_subst</code></a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Constant-Definitions-1" href="Constant-Definitions.html#Constant-Definitions">16.22 Constant Definitions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Iterators-1" href="Iterators.html#Iterators">16.23 Iterators</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Mode-Iterators-1" href="Mode-Iterators.html#Mode-Iterators">16.23.1 Mode Iterators</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-Mode-Iterators-1" href="Defining-Mode-Iterators.html#Defining-Mode-Iterators">16.23.1.1 Defining Mode Iterators</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Substitution-in-Mode-Iterators" href="Substitutions.html#Substitutions">16.23.1.2 Substitution in Mode Iterators</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Mode-Iterator-Examples" href="Examples.html#Examples">16.23.1.3 Mode Iterator Examples</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Code-Iterators-1" href="Code-Iterators.html#Code-Iterators">16.23.2 Code Iterators</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Int-Iterators-1" href="Int-Iterators.html#Int-Iterators">16.23.3 Int Iterators</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Subst-Iterators-1" href="Subst-Iterators.html#Subst-Iterators">16.23.4 Subst Iterators</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Target-Description-Macros-and-Functions" href="Target-Macros.html#Target-Macros">17 Target Description Macros and Functions</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Global-targetm-Variable" href="Target-Structure.html#Target-Structure">17.1 The Global <code>targetm</code> Variable</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Controlling-the-Compilation-Driver_002c-gcc" href="Driver.html#Driver">17.2 Controlling the Compilation Driver, <samp>gcc</samp></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Run_002dtime-Target-Specification" href="Run_002dtime-Target.html#Run_002dtime-Target">17.3 Run-time Target Specification</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-data-structures-for-per_002dfunction-information_002e" href="Per_002dFunction-Data.html#Per_002dFunction-Data">17.4 Defining data structures for per-function information.</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Storage-Layout-1" href="Storage-Layout.html#Storage-Layout">17.5 Storage Layout</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Layout-of-Source-Language-Data-Types" href="Type-Layout.html#Type-Layout">17.6 Layout of Source Language Data Types</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Register-Usage" href="Registers.html#Registers">17.7 Register Usage</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Basic-Characteristics-of-Registers" href="Register-Basics.html#Register-Basics">17.7.1 Basic Characteristics of Registers</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Order-of-Allocation-of-Registers" href="Allocation-Order.html#Allocation-Order">17.7.2 Order of Allocation of Registers</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-How-Values-Fit-in-Registers" href="Values-in-Registers.html#Values-in-Registers">17.7.3 How Values Fit in Registers</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Handling-Leaf-Functions" href="Leaf-Functions.html#Leaf-Functions">17.7.4 Handling Leaf Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Registers-That-Form-a-Stack" href="Stack-Registers.html#Stack-Registers">17.7.5 Registers That Form a Stack</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Register-Classes-1" href="Register-Classes.html#Register-Classes">17.8 Register Classes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Stack-Layout-and-Calling-Conventions" href="Stack-and-Calling.html#Stack-and-Calling">17.9 Stack Layout and Calling Conventions</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Basic-Stack-Layout" href="Frame-Layout.html#Frame-Layout">17.9.1 Basic Stack Layout</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Exception-Handling-Support" href="Exception-Handling.html#Exception-Handling">17.9.2 Exception Handling Support</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Specifying-How-Stack-Checking-is-Done" href="Stack-Checking.html#Stack-Checking">17.9.3 Specifying How Stack Checking is Done</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Registers-That-Address-the-Stack-Frame" href="Frame-Registers.html#Frame-Registers">17.9.4 Registers That Address the Stack Frame</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Eliminating-Frame-Pointer-and-Arg-Pointer" href="Elimination.html#Elimination">17.9.5 Eliminating Frame Pointer and Arg Pointer</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Passing-Function-Arguments-on-the-Stack" href="Stack-Arguments.html#Stack-Arguments">17.9.6 Passing Function Arguments on the Stack</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Passing-Arguments-in-Registers" href="Register-Arguments.html#Register-Arguments">17.9.7 Passing Arguments in Registers</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-How-Scalar-Function-Values-Are-Returned" href="Scalar-Return.html#Scalar-Return">17.9.8 How Scalar Function Values Are Returned</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-How-Large-Values-Are-Returned" href="Aggregate-Return.html#Aggregate-Return">17.9.9 How Large Values Are Returned</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Caller_002dSaves-Register-Allocation" href="Caller-Saves.html#Caller-Saves">17.9.10 Caller-Saves Register Allocation</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Function-Entry-and-Exit" href="Function-Entry.html#Function-Entry">17.9.11 Function Entry and Exit</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Generating-Code-for-Profiling" href="Profiling.html#Profiling">17.9.12 Generating Code for Profiling</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Permitting-tail-calls" href="Tail-Calls.html#Tail-Calls">17.9.13 Permitting tail calls</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Stack-smashing-protection" href="Stack-Smashing-Protection.html#Stack-Smashing-Protection">17.9.14 Stack smashing protection</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Miscellaneous-register-hooks" href="Miscellaneous-Register-Hooks.html#Miscellaneous-Register-Hooks">17.9.15 Miscellaneous register hooks</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Implementing-the-Varargs-Macros" href="Varargs.html#Varargs">17.10 Implementing the Varargs Macros</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Trampolines-for-Nested-Functions" href="Trampolines.html#Trampolines">17.11 Trampolines for Nested Functions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Implicit-Calls-to-Library-Routines" href="Library-Calls.html#Library-Calls">17.12 Implicit Calls to Library Routines</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Addressing-Modes-1" href="Addressing-Modes.html#Addressing-Modes">17.13 Addressing Modes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Anchored-Addresses-1" href="Anchored-Addresses.html#Anchored-Addresses">17.14 Anchored Addresses</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Condition-Code-Status" href="Condition-Code.html#Condition-Code">17.15 Condition Code Status</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Representation-of-condition-codes-using-_0028cc0_0029" href="CC0-Condition-Codes.html#CC0-Condition-Codes">17.15.1 Representation of condition codes using <code>(cc0)</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Representation-of-condition-codes-using-registers" href="MODE_005fCC-Condition-Codes.html#MODE_005fCC-Condition-Codes">17.15.2 Representation of condition codes using registers</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Describing-Relative-Costs-of-Operations" href="Costs.html#Costs">17.16 Describing Relative Costs of Operations</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Adjusting-the-Instruction-Scheduler" href="Scheduling.html#Scheduling">17.17 Adjusting the Instruction Scheduler</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Dividing-the-Output-into-Sections-_0028Texts_002c-Data_002c-_2026_0029" href="Sections.html#Sections">17.18 Dividing the Output into Sections (Texts, Data, …)</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Position-Independent-Code" href="PIC.html#PIC">17.19 Position Independent Code</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-the-Output-Assembler-Language" href="Assembler-Format.html#Assembler-Format">17.20 Defining the Output Assembler Language</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Overall-Framework-of-an-Assembler-File" href="File-Framework.html#File-Framework">17.20.1 The Overall Framework of an Assembler File</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Output-of-Data" href="Data-Output.html#Data-Output">17.20.2 Output of Data</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Output-of-Uninitialized-Variables" href="Uninitialized-Data.html#Uninitialized-Data">17.20.3 Output of Uninitialized Variables</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Output-and-Generation-of-Labels" href="Label-Output.html#Label-Output">17.20.4 Output and Generation of Labels</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-How-Initialization-Functions-Are-Handled" href="Initialization.html#Initialization">17.20.5 How Initialization Functions Are Handled</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Macros-Controlling-Initialization-Routines" href="Macros-for-Initialization.html#Macros-for-Initialization">17.20.6 Macros Controlling Initialization Routines</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Output-of-Assembler-Instructions" href="Instruction-Output.html#Instruction-Output">17.20.7 Output of Assembler Instructions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Output-of-Dispatch-Tables" href="Dispatch-Tables.html#Dispatch-Tables">17.20.8 Output of Dispatch Tables</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Assembler-Commands-for-Exception-Regions" href="Exception-Region-Output.html#Exception-Region-Output">17.20.9 Assembler Commands for Exception Regions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Assembler-Commands-for-Alignment" href="Alignment-Output.html#Alignment-Output">17.20.10 Assembler Commands for Alignment</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Controlling-Debugging-Information-Format" href="Debugging-Info.html#Debugging-Info">17.21 Controlling Debugging Information Format</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Macros-Affecting-All-Debugging-Formats" href="All-Debuggers.html#All-Debuggers">17.21.1 Macros Affecting All Debugging Formats</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Specific-Options-for-DBX-Output" href="DBX-Options.html#DBX-Options">17.21.2 Specific Options for DBX Output</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Open_002dEnded-Hooks-for-DBX-Format" href="DBX-Hooks.html#DBX-Hooks">17.21.3 Open-Ended Hooks for DBX Format</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-File-Names-in-DBX-Format" href="File-Names-and-DBX.html#File-Names-and-DBX">17.21.4 File Names in DBX Format</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Macros-for-SDB-and-DWARF-Output" href="SDB-and-DWARF.html#SDB-and-DWARF">17.21.5 Macros for SDB and DWARF Output</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Macros-for-VMS-Debug-Format" href="VMS-Debug.html#VMS-Debug">17.21.6 Macros for VMS Debug Format</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Cross-Compilation-and-Floating-Point" href="Floating-Point.html#Floating-Point">17.22 Cross Compilation and Floating Point</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Mode-Switching-Instructions" href="Mode-Switching.html#Mode-Switching">17.23 Mode Switching Instructions</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-target_002dspecific-uses-of-_005f_005fattribute_005f_005f" href="Target-Attributes.html#Target-Attributes">17.24 Defining target-specific uses of <code>__attribute__</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Emulating-TLS" href="Emulated-TLS.html#Emulated-TLS">17.25 Emulating TLS</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Defining-coprocessor-specifics-for-MIPS-targets_002e" href="MIPS-Coprocessors.html#MIPS-Coprocessors">17.26 Defining coprocessor specifics for MIPS targets.</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Parameters-for-Precompiled-Header-Validity-Checking" href="PCH-Target.html#PCH-Target">17.27 Parameters for Precompiled Header Validity Checking</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-C_002b_002b-ABI-parameters" href="C_002b_002b-ABI.html#C_002b_002b-ABI">17.28 C++ ABI parameters</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Adding-support-for-named-address-spaces" href="Named-Address-Spaces.html#Named-Address-Spaces">17.29 Adding support for named address spaces</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Miscellaneous-Parameters" href="Misc.html#Misc">17.30 Miscellaneous Parameters</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Host-Configuration" href="Host-Config.html#Host-Config">18 Host Configuration</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Host-Common-1" href="Host-Common.html#Host-Common">18.1 Host Common</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Host-Filesystem" href="Filesystem.html#Filesystem">18.2 Host Filesystem</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Host-Misc-1" href="Host-Misc.html#Host-Misc">18.3 Host Misc</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Makefile-Fragments" href="Fragments.html#Fragments">19 Makefile Fragments</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Target-Makefile-Fragments" href="Target-Fragment.html#Target-Fragment">19.1 Target Makefile Fragments</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Host-Makefile-Fragments" href="Host-Fragment.html#Host-Fragment">19.2 Host Makefile Fragments</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-collect2" href="Collect2.html#Collect2">20 <code>collect2</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Standard-Header-File-Directories" href="Header-Dirs.html#Header-Dirs">21 Standard Header File Directories</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Memory-Management-and-Type-Information" href="Type-Information.html#Type-Information">22 Memory Management and Type Information</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Inside-of-a-GTY_0028_0028_0029_0029" href="GTY-Options.html#GTY-Options">22.1 The Inside of a <code>GTY(())</code></a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Support-for-inheritance" href="Inheritance-and-GTY.html#Inheritance-and-GTY">22.2 Support for inheritance</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Support-for-user_002dprovided-GC-marking-routines" href="User-GC.html#User-GC">22.3 Support for user-provided GC marking routines</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-User_002dprovided-marking-routines-for-template-types" href="User-GC.html#User_002dprovided-marking-routines-for-template-types">22.3.1 User-provided marking routines for template types</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Marking-Roots-for-the-Garbage-Collector" href="GGC-Roots.html#GGC-Roots">22.4 Marking Roots for the Garbage Collector</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Source-Files-Containing-Type-Information" href="Files.html#Files">22.5 Source Files Containing Type Information</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-How-to-invoke-the-garbage-collector" href="Invoking-the-garbage-collector.html#Invoking-the-garbage-collector">22.6 How to invoke the garbage collector</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Troubleshooting-the-garbage-collector" href="Troubleshooting.html#Troubleshooting">22.7 Troubleshooting the garbage collector</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Plugins-1" href="Plugins.html#Plugins">23 Plugins</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Loading-Plugins" href="Plugins-loading.html#Plugins-loading">23.1 Loading Plugins</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Plugin-API-1" href="Plugin-API.html#Plugin-API">23.2 Plugin API</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Plugin-license-check" href="Plugin-API.html#Plugin-license-check">23.2.1 Plugin license check</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Plugin-initialization" href="Plugin-API.html#Plugin-initialization">23.2.2 Plugin initialization</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Plugin-callbacks" href="Plugin-API.html#Plugin-callbacks">23.2.3 Plugin callbacks</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Interacting-with-the-pass-manager" href="Plugins-pass.html#Plugins-pass">23.3 Interacting with the pass manager</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Interacting-with-the-GCC-Garbage-Collector" href="Plugins-GC.html#Plugins-GC">23.4 Interacting with the GCC Garbage Collector</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Giving-information-about-a-plugin" href="Plugins-description.html#Plugins-description">23.5 Giving information about a plugin</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Registering-custom-attributes-or-pragmas" href="Plugins-attr.html#Plugins-attr">23.6 Registering custom attributes or pragmas</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Recording-information-about-pass-execution" href="Plugins-recording.html#Plugins-recording">23.7 Recording information about pass execution</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Controlling-which-passes-are-being-run" href="Plugins-gate.html#Plugins-gate">23.8 Controlling which passes are being run</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Keeping-track-of-available-passes" href="Plugins-tracking.html#Plugins-tracking">23.9 Keeping track of available passes</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Building-GCC-plugins" href="Plugins-building.html#Plugins-building">23.10 Building GCC plugins</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Link-Time-Optimization" href="LTO.html#LTO">24 Link Time Optimization</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Design-Overview" href="LTO-Overview.html#LTO-Overview">24.1 Design Overview</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-LTO-modes-of-operation" href="LTO-Overview.html#LTO-modes-of-operation">24.1.1 LTO modes of operation</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-LTO-file-sections" href="LTO-object-file-layout.html#LTO-object-file-layout">24.2 LTO file sections</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Using-summary-information-in-IPA-passes" href="IPA.html#IPA">24.3 Using summary information in IPA passes</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-Virtual-clones" href="IPA.html#Virtual-clones">24.3.1 Virtual clones</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-IPA-references" href="IPA.html#IPA-references">24.3.2 IPA references</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Jump-functions" href="IPA.html#Jump-functions">24.3.3 Jump functions</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Whole-program-assumptions_002c-linker-plugin-and-symbol-visibilities" href="WHOPR.html#WHOPR">24.4 Whole program assumptions, linker plugin and symbol visibilities</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Internal-flags-controlling-lto1" href="Internal-flags.html#Internal-flags">24.5 Internal flags controlling <code>lto1</code></a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Match-and-Simplify-1" href="Match-and-Simplify.html#Match-and-Simplify">25 Match and Simplify</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-GIMPLE-API-1" href="GIMPLE-API.html#GIMPLE-API">25.1 GIMPLE API</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-Language-1" href="The-Language.html#The-Language">25.2 The Language</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Funding-Free-Software" href="Funding.html#Funding">Funding Free Software</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-The-GNU-Project-and-GNU_002fLinux" href="GNU-Project.html#GNU-Project">The GNU Project and GNU/Linux</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GNU-General-Public-License" href="Copying.html#Copying">GNU General Public License</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-GNU-Free-Documentation-License-1" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a> |
| <ul class="no-bullet"> |
| <li><a name="toc-ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents" href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#ADDENDUM_003a-How-to-use-this-License-for-your-documents">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</a></li> |
| </ul></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Contributors-to-GCC" href="Contributors.html#Contributors">Contributors to GCC</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Option-Index-1" href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index">Option Index</a></li> |
| <li><a name="toc-Concept-Index-1" href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| <a name="Top"></a> |
| <div class="header"> |
| <p> |
| Next: <a href="Contributing.html#Contributing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Contributing</a>, Up: <a href="../DIR/index.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">(DIR)</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> |
| </div> |
| <hr> |
| <a name="Introduction"></a> |
| <h1 class="top">Introduction</h1> |
| <a name="index-introduction"></a> |
| |
| <p>This manual documents the internals of the GNU compilers, including |
| how to port them to new targets and some information about how to |
| write front ends for new languages. It corresponds to the compilers |
| (Linaro GCC 5.1-2015.08) |
| version 5.1.1. The use of the GNU compilers is documented in a |
| separate manual. See <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/index.html#Top">Introduction</a> in <cite>Using the GNU |
| Compiler Collection (GCC)</cite>. |
| </p> |
| <p>This manual is mainly a reference manual rather than a tutorial. It |
| discusses how to contribute to GCC (see <a href="Contributing.html#Contributing">Contributing</a>), the |
| characteristics of the machines supported by GCC as hosts and targets |
| (see <a href="Portability.html#Portability">Portability</a>), how GCC relates to the ABIs on such systems |
| (see <a href="Interface.html#Interface">Interface</a>), and the characteristics of the languages for |
| which GCC front ends are written (see <a href="Languages.html#Languages">Languages</a>). It then |
| describes the GCC source tree structure and build system, some of the |
| interfaces to GCC front ends, and how support for a target system is |
| implemented in GCC. |
| </p> |
| <p>Additional tutorial information is linked to from |
| <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html">http://gcc.gnu.org/readings.html</a>. |
| </p> |
| <table class="menu" border="0" cellspacing="0"> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Contributing.html#Contributing" accesskey="1">Contributing</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to contribute to testing and developing GCC. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Portability.html#Portability" accesskey="2">Portability</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Goals of GCC’s portability features. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Interface.html#Interface" accesskey="3">Interface</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Function-call interface of GCC output. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Libgcc.html#Libgcc" accesskey="4">Libgcc</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Low-level runtime library used by GCC. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Languages.html#Languages" accesskey="5">Languages</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Languages for which GCC front ends are written. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Source-Tree.html#Source-Tree" accesskey="6">Source Tree</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">GCC source tree structure and build system. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Testsuites.html#Testsuites" accesskey="7">Testsuites</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">GCC testsuites. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Options.html#Options" accesskey="8">Options</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Option specification files. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Passes.html#Passes" accesskey="9">Passes</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Order of passes, what they do, and what each file is for. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="GENERIC.html#GENERIC">GENERIC</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Language-independent representation generated by Front Ends |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="GIMPLE.html#GIMPLE">GIMPLE</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Tuple representation used by Tree SSA optimizers |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Tree-SSA.html#Tree-SSA">Tree SSA</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Analysis and optimization of GIMPLE |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="RTL.html#RTL">RTL</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Machine-dependent low-level intermediate representation. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Control-Flow.html#Control-Flow">Control Flow</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Maintaining and manipulating the control flow graph. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Loop-Analysis-and-Representation.html#Loop-Analysis-and-Representation">Loop Analysis and Representation</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Analysis and representation of loops |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Machine-Desc.html#Machine-Desc">Machine Desc</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to write machine description instruction patterns. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Target-Macros.html#Target-Macros">Target Macros</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to write the machine description C macros and functions. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Host-Config.html#Host-Config">Host Config</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Writing the <samp>xm-<var>machine</var>.h</samp> file. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Fragments.html#Fragments">Fragments</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Writing the <samp>t-<var>target</var></samp> and <samp>x-<var>host</var></samp> files. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Collect2.html#Collect2">Collect2</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How <code>collect2</code> works; how it finds <code>ld</code>. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Header-Dirs.html#Header-Dirs">Header Dirs</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Understanding the standard header file directories. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Type-Information.html#Type-Information">Type Information</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">GCC’s memory management; generating type information. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Plugins.html#Plugins">Plugins</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Extending the compiler with plugins. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="LTO.html#LTO">LTO</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Using Link-Time Optimization. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment"> |
| </pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Match-and-Simplify.html#Match-and-Simplify">Match and Simplify</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to write expression simplification patterns for GIMPLE and GENERIC |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Funding.html#Funding">Funding</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How to help assure funding for free software. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="GNU-Project.html#GNU-Project">GNU Project</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">The GNU Project and GNU/Linux. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment"> |
| </pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Copying.html#Copying">Copying</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">GNU General Public License says |
| how you can copy and share GCC. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="GNU-Free-Documentation-License.html#GNU-Free-Documentation-License">GNU Free Documentation License</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">How you can copy and share this manual. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Contributors.html#Contributors">Contributors</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">People who have contributed to GCC. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><th colspan="3" align="left" valign="top"><pre class="menu-comment"> |
| </pre></th></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index">Option Index</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Index to command line options. |
| </td></tr> |
| <tr><td align="left" valign="top">• <a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index">Concept Index</a>:</td><td> </td><td align="left" valign="top">Index of concepts and symbol names. |
| </td></tr> |
| </table> |
| |
| |
| <hr> |
| <div class="header"> |
| <p> |
| Next: <a href="Contributing.html#Contributing" accesskey="n" rel="next">Contributing</a>, Up: <a href="../DIR/index.html" accesskey="u" rel="up">(DIR)</a> [<a href="#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> |
| </div> |
| |
| |
| |
| </body> |
| </html> |
