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| Previous: <a href="Internals.html#Internals" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Internals</a>, Up: <a href="Details.html#Details" accesskey="u" rel="up">Details</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p> |
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| <a name="Debugging-gprof"></a> |
| <h3 class="section">9.4 Debugging <code>gprof</code></h3> |
| |
| <p>If <code>gprof</code> was compiled with debugging enabled, |
| the ‘<samp>-d</samp>’ option triggers debugging output |
| (to stdout) which can be helpful in understanding its operation. |
| The debugging number specified is interpreted as a sum of the following |
| options: |
| </p> |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt>2 - Topological sort</dt> |
| <dd><p>Monitor depth-first numbering of symbols during call graph analysis |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>4 - Cycles</dt> |
| <dd><p>Shows symbols as they are identified as cycle heads |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>16 - Tallying</dt> |
| <dd><p>As the call graph arcs are read, show each arc and how |
| the total calls to each function are tallied |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>32 - Call graph arc sorting</dt> |
| <dd><p>Details sorting individual parents/children within each call graph entry |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>64 - Reading histogram and call graph records</dt> |
| <dd><p>Shows address ranges of histograms as they are read, and each |
| call graph arc |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>128 - Symbol table</dt> |
| <dd><p>Reading, classifying, and sorting the symbol table from the object file. |
| For line-by-line profiling (‘<samp>-l</samp>’ option), also shows line numbers |
| being assigned to memory addresses. |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>256 - Static call graph</dt> |
| <dd><p>Trace operation of ‘<samp>-c</samp>’ option |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>512 - Symbol table and arc table lookups</dt> |
| <dd><p>Detail operation of lookup routines |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>1024 - Call graph propagation</dt> |
| <dd><p>Shows how function times are propagated along the call graph |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>2048 - Basic-blocks</dt> |
| <dd><p>Shows basic-block records as they are read from profile data |
| (only meaningful with ‘<samp>-l</samp>’ option) |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>4096 - Symspecs</dt> |
| <dd><p>Shows symspec-to-symbol pattern matching operation |
| </p></dd> |
| <dt>8192 - Annotate source</dt> |
| <dd><p>Tracks operation of ‘<samp>-A</samp>’ option |
| </p></dd> |
| </dl> |
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