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| Next: <a href="Invoking-G_002b_002b.html#Invoking-G_002b_002b" accesskey="n" rel="next">Invoking G++</a>, Previous: <a href="Option-Summary.html#Option-Summary" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Option Summary</a>, Up: <a href="Invoking-GCC.html#Invoking-GCC" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking GCC</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p> |
| </div> |
| <hr> |
| <a name="Options-Controlling-the-Kind-of-Output"></a> |
| <h3 class="section">3.2 Options Controlling the Kind of Output</h3> |
| |
| <p>Compilation can involve up to four stages: preprocessing, compilation |
| proper, assembly and linking, always in that order. GCC is capable of |
| preprocessing and compiling several files either into several |
| assembler input files, or into one assembler input file; then each |
| assembler input file produces an object file, and linking combines all |
| the object files (those newly compiled, and those specified as input) |
| into an executable file. |
| </p> |
| <a name="index-file-name-suffix"></a> |
| <p>For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of |
| compilation is done: |
| </p> |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.c</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>C source code that must be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.i</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>C source code that should not be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.ii</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>C++ source code that should not be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.m</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Objective-C source code. Note that you must link with the <samp>libobjc</samp> |
| library to make an Objective-C program work. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.mi</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Objective-C source code that should not be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.mm</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.M</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Objective-C++ source code. Note that you must link with the <samp>libobjc</samp> |
| library to make an Objective-C++ program work. Note that ‘<samp>.M</samp>’ refers |
| to a literal capital M. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.mii</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Objective-C++ source code that should not be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.h</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>C, C++, Objective-C or Objective-C++ header file to be turned into a |
| precompiled header (default), or C, C++ header file to be turned into an |
| Ada spec (via the <samp>-fdump-ada-spec</samp> switch). |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.cc</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.cp</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.cxx</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.cpp</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.CPP</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.c++</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.C</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>C++ source code that must be preprocessed. Note that in ‘<samp>.cxx</samp>’, |
| the last two letters must both be literally ‘<samp>x</samp>’. Likewise, |
| ‘<samp>.C</samp>’ refers to a literal capital C. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.mm</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.M</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Objective-C++ source code that must be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.mii</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Objective-C++ source code that should not be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.hh</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.H</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.hp</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.hxx</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.hpp</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.HPP</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.h++</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.tcc</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>C++ header file to be turned into a precompiled header or Ada spec. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.f</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.for</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.ftn</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Fixed form Fortran source code that should not be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.F</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.FOR</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.fpp</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.FPP</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.FTN</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Fixed form Fortran source code that must be preprocessed (with the traditional |
| preprocessor). |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.f90</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.f95</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.f03</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.f08</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Free form Fortran source code that should not be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.F90</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.F95</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.F03</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.F08</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Free form Fortran source code that must be preprocessed (with the |
| traditional preprocessor). |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.go</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Go source code. |
| </p> |
| |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.ads</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Ada source code file that contains a library unit declaration (a |
| declaration of a package, subprogram, or generic, or a generic |
| instantiation), or a library unit renaming declaration (a package, |
| generic, or subprogram renaming declaration). Such files are also |
| called <em>specs</em>. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.adb</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Ada source code file containing a library unit body (a subprogram or |
| package body). Such files are also called <em>bodies</em>. |
| </p> |
| |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.s</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Assembler code. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.S</code></dt> |
| <dt><code><var>file</var>.sx</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Assembler code that must be preprocessed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code><var>other</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>An object file to be fed straight into linking. |
| Any file name with no recognized suffix is treated this way. |
| </p></dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <a name="index-x"></a> |
| <p>You can specify the input language explicitly with the <samp>-x</samp> option: |
| </p> |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt><code>-x <var>language</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Specify explicitly the <var>language</var> for the following input files |
| (rather than letting the compiler choose a default based on the file |
| name suffix). This option applies to all following input files until |
| the next <samp>-x</samp> option. Possible values for <var>language</var> are: |
| </p><div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample">c c-header cpp-output |
| c++ c++-header c++-cpp-output |
| objective-c objective-c-header objective-c-cpp-output |
| objective-c++ objective-c++-header objective-c++-cpp-output |
| assembler assembler-with-cpp |
| ada |
| f77 f77-cpp-input f95 f95-cpp-input |
| go |
| java |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-x none</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Turn off any specification of a language, so that subsequent files are |
| handled according to their file name suffixes (as they are if <samp>-x</samp> |
| has not been used at all). |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-pass-exit-codes</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-pass_002dexit_002dcodes"></a> |
| <p>Normally the <code>gcc</code> program exits with the code of 1 if any |
| phase of the compiler returns a non-success return code. If you specify |
| <samp>-pass-exit-codes</samp>, the <code>gcc</code> program instead returns with |
| the numerically highest error produced by any phase returning an error |
| indication. The C, C++, and Fortran front ends return 4 if an internal |
| compiler error is encountered. |
| </p></dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>If you only want some of the stages of compilation, you can use |
| <samp>-x</samp> (or filename suffixes) to tell <code>gcc</code> where to start, and |
| one of the options <samp>-c</samp>, <samp>-S</samp>, or <samp>-E</samp> to say where |
| <code>gcc</code> is to stop. Note that some combinations (for example, |
| ‘<samp>-x cpp-output -E</samp>’) instruct <code>gcc</code> to do nothing at all. |
| </p> |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt><code>-c</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-c"></a> |
| <p>Compile or assemble the source files, but do not link. The linking |
| stage simply is not done. The ultimate output is in the form of an |
| object file for each source file. |
| </p> |
| <p>By default, the object file name for a source file is made by replacing |
| the suffix ‘<samp>.c</samp>’, ‘<samp>.i</samp>’, ‘<samp>.s</samp>’, etc., with ‘<samp>.o</samp>’. |
| </p> |
| <p>Unrecognized input files, not requiring compilation or assembly, are |
| ignored. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-S</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-S"></a> |
| <p>Stop after the stage of compilation proper; do not assemble. The output |
| is in the form of an assembler code file for each non-assembler input |
| file specified. |
| </p> |
| <p>By default, the assembler file name for a source file is made by |
| replacing the suffix ‘<samp>.c</samp>’, ‘<samp>.i</samp>’, etc., with ‘<samp>.s</samp>’. |
| </p> |
| <p>Input files that don’t require compilation are ignored. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-E</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-E"></a> |
| <p>Stop after the preprocessing stage; do not run the compiler proper. The |
| output is in the form of preprocessed source code, which is sent to the |
| standard output. |
| </p> |
| <p>Input files that don’t require preprocessing are ignored. |
| </p> |
| <a name="index-output-file-option"></a> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-o <var>file</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-o"></a> |
| <p>Place output in file <var>file</var>. This applies to whatever |
| sort of output is being produced, whether it be an executable file, |
| an object file, an assembler file or preprocessed C code. |
| </p> |
| <p>If <samp>-o</samp> is not specified, the default is to put an executable |
| file in <samp>a.out</samp>, the object file for |
| <samp><var>source</var>.<var>suffix</var></samp> in <samp><var>source</var>.o</samp>, its |
| assembler file in <samp><var>source</var>.s</samp>, a precompiled header file in |
| <samp><var>source</var>.<var>suffix</var>.gch</samp>, and all preprocessed C source on |
| standard output. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-v</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-v"></a> |
| <p>Print (on standard error output) the commands executed to run the stages |
| of compilation. Also print the version number of the compiler driver |
| program and of the preprocessor and the compiler proper. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-###</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-_0023_0023_0023"></a> |
| <p>Like <samp>-v</samp> except the commands are not executed and arguments |
| are quoted unless they contain only alphanumeric characters or <code>./-_</code>. |
| This is useful for shell scripts to capture the driver-generated command lines. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-pipe</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-pipe"></a> |
| <p>Use pipes rather than temporary files for communication between the |
| various stages of compilation. This fails to work on some systems where |
| the assembler is unable to read from a pipe; but the GNU assembler has |
| no trouble. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>--help</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-help"></a> |
| <p>Print (on the standard output) a description of the command-line options |
| understood by <code>gcc</code>. If the <samp>-v</samp> option is also specified |
| then <samp>--help</samp> is also passed on to the various processes |
| invoked by <code>gcc</code>, so that they can display the command-line options |
| they accept. If the <samp>-Wextra</samp> option has also been specified |
| (prior to the <samp>--help</samp> option), then command-line options that |
| have no documentation associated with them are also displayed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>--target-help</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-target_002dhelp"></a> |
| <p>Print (on the standard output) a description of target-specific command-line |
| options for each tool. For some targets extra target-specific |
| information may also be printed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>--help={<var>class</var><span class="roman">|[</span>^<span class="roman">]</span><var>qualifier</var>}<span class="roman">[</span>,…<span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Print (on the standard output) a description of the command-line |
| options understood by the compiler that fit into all specified classes |
| and qualifiers. These are the supported classes: |
| </p> |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt>‘<samp>optimizers</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display all of the optimization options supported by the |
| compiler. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt>‘<samp>warnings</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display all of the options controlling warning messages |
| produced by the compiler. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt>‘<samp>target</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display target-specific options. Unlike the |
| <samp>--target-help</samp> option however, target-specific options of the |
| linker and assembler are not displayed. This is because those |
| tools do not currently support the extended <samp>--help=</samp> syntax. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt>‘<samp>params</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display the values recognized by the <samp>--param</samp> |
| option. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><var>language</var></dt> |
| <dd><p>Display the options supported for <var>language</var>, where |
| <var>language</var> is the name of one of the languages supported in this |
| version of GCC. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt>‘<samp>common</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display the options that are common to all languages. |
| </p></dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>These are the supported qualifiers: |
| </p> |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt>‘<samp>undocumented</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display only those options that are undocumented. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt>‘<samp>joined</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display options taking an argument that appears after an equal |
| sign in the same continuous piece of text, such as: |
| ‘<samp>--help=target</samp>’. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt>‘<samp>separate</samp>’</dt> |
| <dd><p>Display options taking an argument that appears as a separate word |
| following the original option, such as: ‘<samp>-o output-file</samp>’. |
| </p></dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <p>Thus for example to display all the undocumented target-specific |
| switches supported by the compiler, use: |
| </p> |
| <div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample">--help=target,undocumented |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| <p>The sense of a qualifier can be inverted by prefixing it with the |
| ‘<samp>^</samp>’ character, so for example to display all binary warning |
| options (i.e., ones that are either on or off and that do not take an |
| argument) that have a description, use: |
| </p> |
| <div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample">--help=warnings,^joined,^undocumented |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| <p>The argument to <samp>--help=</samp> should not consist solely of inverted |
| qualifiers. |
| </p> |
| <p>Combining several classes is possible, although this usually |
| restricts the output so much that there is nothing to display. One |
| case where it does work, however, is when one of the classes is |
| <var>target</var>. For example, to display all the target-specific |
| optimization options, use: |
| </p> |
| <div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample">--help=target,optimizers |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| <p>The <samp>--help=</samp> option can be repeated on the command line. Each |
| successive use displays its requested class of options, skipping |
| those that have already been displayed. |
| </p> |
| <p>If the <samp>-Q</samp> option appears on the command line before the |
| <samp>--help=</samp> option, then the descriptive text displayed by |
| <samp>--help=</samp> is changed. Instead of describing the displayed |
| options, an indication is given as to whether the option is enabled, |
| disabled or set to a specific value (assuming that the compiler |
| knows this at the point where the <samp>--help=</samp> option is used). |
| </p> |
| <p>Here is a truncated example from the ARM port of <code>gcc</code>: |
| </p> |
| <div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample"> % gcc -Q -mabi=2 --help=target -c |
| The following options are target specific: |
| -mabi= 2 |
| -mabort-on-noreturn [disabled] |
| -mapcs [disabled] |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| <p>The output is sensitive to the effects of previous command-line |
| options, so for example it is possible to find out which optimizations |
| are enabled at <samp>-O2</samp> by using: |
| </p> |
| <div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample">-Q -O2 --help=optimizers |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| <p>Alternatively you can discover which binary optimizations are enabled |
| by <samp>-O3</samp> by using: |
| </p> |
| <div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample">gcc -c -Q -O3 --help=optimizers > /tmp/O3-opts |
| gcc -c -Q -O2 --help=optimizers > /tmp/O2-opts |
| diff /tmp/O2-opts /tmp/O3-opts | grep enabled |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-no-canonical-prefixes</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-no_002dcanonical_002dprefixes"></a> |
| <p>Do not expand any symbolic links, resolve references to ‘<samp>/../</samp>’ |
| or ‘<samp>/./</samp>’, or make the path absolute when generating a relative |
| prefix. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>--version</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-version"></a> |
| <p>Display the version number and copyrights of the invoked GCC. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-wrapper</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-wrapper"></a> |
| <p>Invoke all subcommands under a wrapper program. The name of the |
| wrapper program and its parameters are passed as a comma separated |
| list. |
| </p> |
| <div class="smallexample"> |
| <pre class="smallexample">gcc -c t.c -wrapper gdb,--args |
| </pre></div> |
| |
| <p>This invokes all subprograms of <code>gcc</code> under |
| ‘<samp>gdb --args</samp>’, thus the invocation of <code>cc1</code> is |
| ‘<samp>gdb --args cc1 …</samp>’. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-fplugin=<var>name</var>.so</code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-fplugin"></a> |
| <p>Load the plugin code in file <var>name</var>.so, assumed to be a |
| shared object to be dlopen’d by the compiler. The base name of |
| the shared object file is used to identify the plugin for the |
| purposes of argument parsing (See |
| <samp>-fplugin-arg-<var>name</var>-<var>key</var>=<var>value</var></samp> below). |
| Each plugin should define the callback functions specified in the |
| Plugins API. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-fplugin-arg-<var>name</var>-<var>key</var>=<var>value</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-fplugin_002darg"></a> |
| <p>Define an argument called <var>key</var> with a value of <var>value</var> |
| for the plugin called <var>name</var>. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-fdump-ada-spec<span class="roman">[</span>-slim<span class="roman">]</span></code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-fdump_002dada_002dspec"></a> |
| <p>For C and C++ source and include files, generate corresponding Ada specs. |
| See <a href="../gnat_ugn/Generating-Ada-Bindings-for-C-and-C_002b_002b-headers.html#Generating-Ada-Bindings-for-C-and-C_002b_002b-headers">Generating Ada Bindings for C and C++ headers</a> in <cite>GNAT User’s Guide</cite>, which provides detailed documentation on this feature. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-fada-spec-parent=<var>unit</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-fada_002dspec_002dparent"></a> |
| <p>In conjunction with <samp>-fdump-ada-spec<span class="roman">[</span>-slim<span class="roman">]</span></samp> above, generate |
| Ada specs as child units of parent <var>unit</var>. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-fdump-go-spec=<var>file</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><a name="index-fdump_002dgo_002dspec"></a> |
| <p>For input files in any language, generate corresponding Go |
| declarations in <var>file</var>. This generates Go <code>const</code>, |
| <code>type</code>, <code>var</code>, and <code>func</code> declarations which may be a |
| useful way to start writing a Go interface to code written in some |
| other language. |
| </p> |
| |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>@<var>file</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>Read command-line options from <var>file</var>. The options read are |
| inserted in place of the original @<var>file</var> option. If <var>file</var> |
| does not exist, or cannot be read, then the option will be treated |
| literally, and not removed. |
| </p> |
| <p>Options in <var>file</var> are separated by whitespace. A whitespace |
| character may be included in an option by surrounding the entire |
| option in either single or double quotes. Any character (including a |
| backslash) may be included by prefixing the character to be included |
| with a backslash. The <var>file</var> may itself contain additional |
| @<var>file</var> options; any such options will be processed recursively. |
| </p></dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
| <hr> |
| <div class="header"> |
| <p> |
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