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 <a name="Makefile"></a>
 <div class="header">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="Library-Files.html#Library-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Library Files</a>, Previous: <a href="Build.html#Build" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Build</a>, Up: <a href="gcc-Directory.html#gcc-Directory" accesskey="u" rel="up">gcc Directory</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 <hr>
 <a name="Makefile-Targets"></a>
 <h4 class="subsection">6.3.4 Makefile Targets</h4>
 <a name="index-makefile-targets"></a>
 <a name="index-targets_002c-makefile"></a>

 <p>These targets are available from the &lsquo;<samp>gcc</samp>&rsquo; directory:
 </p>
 <dl compact="compact">
 <dt><code>all</code></dt>
 <dd><p>This is the default target.  Depending on what your build/host/target
 configuration is, it coordinates all the things that need to be built.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>doc</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Produce info-formatted documentation and man pages.  Essentially it
 calls &lsquo;<samp>make man</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>make info</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>dvi</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Produce DVI-formatted documentation.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>pdf</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Produce PDF-formatted documentation.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>html</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Produce HTML-formatted documentation.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>man</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Generate man pages.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>info</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Generate info-formatted pages.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>mostlyclean</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Delete the files made while building the compiler.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>clean</code></dt>
 <dd><p>That, and all the other files built by &lsquo;<samp>make all</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>distclean</code></dt>
 <dd><p>That, and all the files created by <code>configure</code>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>maintainer-clean</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Distclean plus any file that can be generated from other files.  Note
 that additional tools may be required beyond what is normally needed to
 build GCC.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>srcextra</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Generates files in the source directory that are not version-controlled but
 should go into a release tarball.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>srcinfo</code></dt>
 <dt><code>srcman</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Copies the info-formatted and manpage documentation into the source
 directory usually for the purpose of generating a release tarball.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>install</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Installs GCC.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>uninstall</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Deletes installed files, though this is not supported.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>check</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Run the testsuite.  This creates a <samp>testsuite</samp> subdirectory that
 has various <samp>.sum</samp> and <samp>.log</samp> files containing the results of
 the testing.  You can run subsets with, for example, &lsquo;<samp>make check-gcc</samp>&rsquo;.
 You can specify specific tests by setting <code>RUNTESTFLAGS</code> to be the name
 of the <samp>.exp</samp> file, optionally followed by (for some tests) an equals
 and a file wildcard, like:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">make check-gcc RUNTESTFLAGS=&quot;execute.exp=19980413-*&quot;
 </pre></div>

 <p>Note that running the testsuite may require additional tools be
 installed, such as Tcl or DejaGnu.
 </p></dd>
 </dl>

 <p>The toplevel tree from which you start GCC compilation is not
 the GCC directory, but rather a complex Makefile that coordinates
 the various steps of the build, including bootstrapping the compiler
 and using the new compiler to build target libraries.
 </p>
 <p>When GCC is configured for a native configuration, the default action
 for <code>make</code> is to do a full three-stage bootstrap.  This means
 that GCC is built three times&mdash;once with the native compiler, once with
 the native-built compiler it just built, and once with the compiler it
 built the second time.  In theory, the last two should produce the same
 results, which &lsquo;<samp>make compare</samp>&rsquo; can check.  Each stage is configured
 separately and compiled into a separate directory, to minimize problems
 due to ABI incompatibilities between the native compiler and GCC.
 </p>
 <p>If you do a change, rebuilding will also start from the first stage
 and &ldquo;bubble&rdquo; up the change through the three stages.  Each stage
 is taken from its build directory (if it had been built previously),
 rebuilt, and copied to its subdirectory.  This will allow you to, for
 example, continue a bootstrap after fixing a bug which causes the
 stage2 build to crash.  It does not provide as good coverage of the
 compiler as bootstrapping from scratch, but it ensures that the new
 code is syntactically correct (e.g., that you did not use GCC extensions
 by mistake), and avoids spurious bootstrap comparison
 failures<a name="DOCF1" href="#FOOT1"><sup>1</sup></a>.
 </p>
 <p>Other targets available from the top level include:
 </p>
 <dl compact="compact">
 <dt><code>bootstrap-lean</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Like <code>bootstrap</code>, except that the various stages are removed once
 they&rsquo;re no longer needed.  This saves disk space.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>bootstrap2</code></dt>
 <dt><code>bootstrap2-lean</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Performs only the first two stages of bootstrap.  Unlike a three-stage
 bootstrap, this does not perform a comparison to test that the compiler
 is running properly.  Note that the disk space required by a &ldquo;lean&rdquo;
 bootstrap is approximately independent of the number of stages.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>stage<var>N</var>-bubble (<var>N</var> = 1&hellip;4, profile, feedback)</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Rebuild all the stages up to <var>N</var>, with the appropriate flags,
 &ldquo;bubbling&rdquo; the changes as described above.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>all-stage<var>N</var> (<var>N</var> = 1&hellip;4, profile, feedback)</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Assuming that stage <var>N</var> has already been built, rebuild it with the
 appropriate flags.  This is rarely needed.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>cleanstrap</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Remove everything (&lsquo;<samp>make clean</samp>&rsquo;) and rebuilds (&lsquo;<samp>make bootstrap</samp>&rsquo;).
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>compare</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Compares the results of stages 2 and 3.  This ensures that the compiler
 is running properly, since it should produce the same object files
 regardless of how it itself was compiled.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>profiledbootstrap</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Builds a compiler with profiling feedback information.  In this case,
 the second and third stages are named &lsquo;<samp>profile</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>feedback</samp>&rsquo;,
 respectively.  For more information, see
 <a href="../gccinstall/Building.html#Building">Building with profile feedback</a> in <cite>Installing GCC</cite>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>restrap</code></dt>
 <dd><p>Restart a bootstrap, so that everything that was not built with
 the system compiler is rebuilt.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>stage<var>N</var>-start (<var>N</var> = 1&hellip;4, profile, feedback)</code></dt>
 <dd><p>For each package that is bootstrapped, rename directories so that,
 for example, <samp>gcc</samp> points to the stage<var>N</var> GCC, compiled
 with the stage<var>N-1</var> GCC<a name="DOCF2" href="#FOOT2"><sup>2</sup></a>.
 </p>
 <p>You will invoke this target if you need to test or debug the
 stage<var>N</var> GCC.  If you only need to execute GCC (but you need
 not run &lsquo;<samp>make</samp>&rsquo; either to rebuild it or to run test suites),
 you should be able to work directly in the <samp>stage<var>N</var>-gcc</samp>
 directory.  This makes it easier to debug multiple stages in
 parallel.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>stage</code></dt>
 <dd><p>For each package that is bootstrapped, relocate its build directory
 to indicate its stage.  For example, if the <samp>gcc</samp> directory
 points to the stage2 GCC, after invoking this target it will be
 renamed to <samp>stage2-gcc</samp>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 </dl>

 <p>If you wish to use non-default GCC flags when compiling the stage2 and
 stage3 compilers, set <code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code> on the command line when doing
 &lsquo;<samp>make</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <p>Usually, the first stage only builds the languages that the compiler
 is written in: typically, C and maybe Ada.  If you are debugging a
 miscompilation of a different stage2 front-end (for example, of the
 Fortran front-end), you may want to have front-ends for other languages
 in the first stage as well.  To do so, set <code>STAGE1_LANGUAGES</code>
 on the command line when doing &lsquo;<samp>make</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <p>For example, in the aforementioned scenario of debugging a Fortran
 front-end miscompilation caused by the stage1 compiler, you may need a
 command like
 </p>
 <div class="example">
 <pre class="example">make stage2-bubble STAGE1_LANGUAGES=c,fortran
 </pre></div>

 <p>Alternatively, you can use per-language targets to build and test
 languages that are not enabled by default in stage1.  For example,
 <code>make f951</code> will build a Fortran compiler even in the stage1
 build directory.
 </p>

 <div class="footnote">
 <hr>
 <h4 class="footnotes-heading">Footnotes</h4>

 <h3><a name="FOOT1" href="#DOCF1">(1)</a></h3>
 <p>Except if the compiler was buggy and miscompiled
 some of the files that were not modified.  In this case, it&rsquo;s best
 to use <code>make restrap</code>.</p>
 <h3><a name="FOOT2" href="#DOCF2">(2)</a></h3>
 <p>Customarily, the system compiler
 is also termed the <samp>stage0</samp> GCC.</p>
 </div>
 <hr>
 <div class="header">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="Library-Files.html#Library-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Library Files</a>, Previous: <a href="Build.html#Build" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Build</a>, Up: <a href="gcc-Directory.html#gcc-Directory" accesskey="u" rel="up">gcc Directory</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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	<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
	<a name="Makefile"></a>
	<div class="header">
	<p>
	Next: <a href="Library-Files.html#Library-Files" accesskey="n" rel="next">Library Files</a>, Previous: <a href="Build.html#Build" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Build</a>, Up: <a href="gcc-Directory.html#gcc-Directory" accesskey="u" rel="up">gcc Directory</a>   [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Option-Index.html#Option-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
	</div>
	<hr>
	<a name="Makefile-Targets"></a>
	<h4 class="subsection">6.3.4 Makefile Targets</h4>
	<a name="index-makefile-targets"></a>
	<a name="index-targets_002c-makefile"></a>

	<p>These targets are available from the ‘<samp>gcc</samp>’ directory:
	</p>
	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt><code>all</code></dt>
	<dd><p>This is the default target. Depending on what your build/host/target
	configuration is, it coordinates all the things that need to be built.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>doc</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Produce info-formatted documentation and man pages. Essentially it
	calls ‘<samp>make man</samp>’ and ‘<samp>make info</samp>’.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>dvi</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Produce DVI-formatted documentation.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>pdf</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Produce PDF-formatted documentation.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>html</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Produce HTML-formatted documentation.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>man</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Generate man pages.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>info</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Generate info-formatted pages.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>mostlyclean</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Delete the files made while building the compiler.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>clean</code></dt>
	<dd><p>That, and all the other files built by ‘<samp>make all</samp>’.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>distclean</code></dt>
	<dd><p>That, and all the files created by <code>configure</code>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>maintainer-clean</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Distclean plus any file that can be generated from other files. Note
	that additional tools may be required beyond what is normally needed to
	build GCC.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>srcextra</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Generates files in the source directory that are not version-controlled but
	should go into a release tarball.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>srcinfo</code></dt>
	<dt><code>srcman</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Copies the info-formatted and manpage documentation into the source
	directory usually for the purpose of generating a release tarball.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>install</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Installs GCC.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>uninstall</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Deletes installed files, though this is not supported.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>check</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Run the testsuite. This creates a <samp>testsuite</samp> subdirectory that
	has various <samp>.sum</samp> and <samp>.log</samp> files containing the results of
	the testing. You can run subsets with, for example, ‘<samp>make check-gcc</samp>’.
	You can specify specific tests by setting <code>RUNTESTFLAGS</code> to be the name
	of the <samp>.exp</samp> file, optionally followed by (for some tests) an equals
	and a file wildcard, like:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">make check-gcc RUNTESTFLAGS="execute.exp=19980413-*"
	</pre></div>

	<p>Note that running the testsuite may require additional tools be
	installed, such as Tcl or DejaGnu.
	</p></dd>
	</dl>

	<p>The toplevel tree from which you start GCC compilation is not
	the GCC directory, but rather a complex Makefile that coordinates
	the various steps of the build, including bootstrapping the compiler
	and using the new compiler to build target libraries.
	</p>
	<p>When GCC is configured for a native configuration, the default action
	for <code>make</code> is to do a full three-stage bootstrap. This means
	that GCC is built three times—once with the native compiler, once with
	the native-built compiler it just built, and once with the compiler it
	built the second time. In theory, the last two should produce the same
	results, which ‘<samp>make compare</samp>’ can check. Each stage is configured
	separately and compiled into a separate directory, to minimize problems
	due to ABI incompatibilities between the native compiler and GCC.
	</p>
	<p>If you do a change, rebuilding will also start from the first stage
	and “bubble” up the change through the three stages. Each stage
	is taken from its build directory (if it had been built previously),
	rebuilt, and copied to its subdirectory. This will allow you to, for
	example, continue a bootstrap after fixing a bug which causes the
	stage2 build to crash. It does not provide as good coverage of the
	compiler as bootstrapping from scratch, but it ensures that the new
	code is syntactically correct (e.g., that you did not use GCC extensions
	by mistake), and avoids spurious bootstrap comparison
	failures<a name="DOCF1" href="#FOOT1"><sup>1</sup></a>.
	</p>
	<p>Other targets available from the top level include:
	</p>
	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt><code>bootstrap-lean</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Like <code>bootstrap</code>, except that the various stages are removed once
	they’re no longer needed. This saves disk space.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>bootstrap2</code></dt>
	<dt><code>bootstrap2-lean</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Performs only the first two stages of bootstrap. Unlike a three-stage
	bootstrap, this does not perform a comparison to test that the compiler
	is running properly. Note that the disk space required by a “lean”
	bootstrap is approximately independent of the number of stages.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>stage<var>N</var>-bubble (<var>N</var> = 1…4, profile, feedback)</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Rebuild all the stages up to <var>N</var>, with the appropriate flags,
	“bubbling” the changes as described above.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>all-stage<var>N</var> (<var>N</var> = 1…4, profile, feedback)</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Assuming that stage <var>N</var> has already been built, rebuild it with the
	appropriate flags. This is rarely needed.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>cleanstrap</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Remove everything (‘<samp>make clean</samp>’) and rebuilds (‘<samp>make bootstrap</samp>’).
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>compare</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Compares the results of stages 2 and 3. This ensures that the compiler
	is running properly, since it should produce the same object files
	regardless of how it itself was compiled.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>profiledbootstrap</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Builds a compiler with profiling feedback information. In this case,
	the second and third stages are named ‘<samp>profile</samp>’ and ‘<samp>feedback</samp>’,
	respectively. For more information, see
	<a href="../gccinstall/Building.html#Building">Building with profile feedback</a> in <cite>Installing GCC</cite>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>restrap</code></dt>
	<dd><p>Restart a bootstrap, so that everything that was not built with
	the system compiler is rebuilt.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>stage<var>N</var>-start (<var>N</var> = 1…4, profile, feedback)</code></dt>
	<dd><p>For each package that is bootstrapped, rename directories so that,
	for example, <samp>gcc</samp> points to the stage<var>N</var> GCC, compiled
	with the stage<var>N-1</var> GCC<a name="DOCF2" href="#FOOT2"><sup>2</sup></a>.
	</p>
	<p>You will invoke this target if you need to test or debug the
	stage<var>N</var> GCC. If you only need to execute GCC (but you need
	not run ‘<samp>make</samp>’ either to rebuild it or to run test suites),
	you should be able to work directly in the <samp>stage<var>N</var>-gcc</samp>
	directory. This makes it easier to debug multiple stages in
	parallel.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>stage</code></dt>
	<dd><p>For each package that is bootstrapped, relocate its build directory
	to indicate its stage. For example, if the <samp>gcc</samp> directory
	points to the stage2 GCC, after invoking this target it will be
	renamed to <samp>stage2-gcc</samp>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	</dl>

	<p>If you wish to use non-default GCC flags when compiling the stage2 and
	stage3 compilers, set <code>BOOT_CFLAGS</code> on the command line when doing
	‘<samp>make</samp>’.
	</p>
	<p>Usually, the first stage only builds the languages that the compiler
	is written in: typically, C and maybe Ada. If you are debugging a
	miscompilation of a different stage2 front-end (for example, of the
	Fortran front-end), you may want to have front-ends for other languages
	in the first stage as well. To do so, set <code>STAGE1_LANGUAGES</code>
	on the command line when doing ‘<samp>make</samp>’.
	</p>
	<p>For example, in the aforementioned scenario of debugging a Fortran
	front-end miscompilation caused by the stage1 compiler, you may need a
	command like
	</p>
	<div class="example">
	<pre class="example">make stage2-bubble STAGE1_LANGUAGES=c,fortran
	</pre></div>

	<p>Alternatively, you can use per-language targets to build and test
	languages that are not enabled by default in stage1. For example,
	<code>make f951</code> will build a Fortran compiler even in the stage1
	build directory.
	</p>

	<div class="footnote">
	<hr>
	<h4 class="footnotes-heading">Footnotes</h4>

	<h3><a name="FOOT1" href="#DOCF1">(1)</a></h3>
	<p>Except if the compiler was buggy and miscompiled
	some of the files that were not modified. In this case, it’s best
	to use <code>make restrap</code>.</p>
	<h3><a name="FOOT2" href="#DOCF2">(2)</a></h3>
	<p>Customarily, the system compiler
	is also termed the <samp>stage0</samp> GCC.</p>
	</div>
	<hr>
	<div class="header">
	<p>
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