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 <a name="Character-Sets"></a>
 <div class="header">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="Caching-Target-Data.html#Caching-Target-Data" accesskey="n" rel="next">Caching Target Data</a>, Previous: <a href="Core-File-Generation.html#Core-File-Generation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Core File Generation</a>, Up: <a href="Data.html#Data" accesskey="u" rel="up">Data</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
 </div>
 <hr>
 <a name="Character-Sets-1"></a>
 <h3 class="section">10.20 Character Sets</h3>
 <a name="index-character-sets"></a>
 <a name="index-charset"></a>
 <a name="index-translating-between-character-sets"></a>
 <a name="index-host-character-set"></a>
 <a name="index-target-character-set"></a>

 <p>If the program you are debugging uses a different character set to
 represent characters and strings than the one <small>GDB</small> uses itself,
 <small>GDB</small> can automatically translate between the character sets for
 you.  The character set <small>GDB</small> uses we call the <em>host
 character set</em>; the one the inferior program uses we call the
 <em>target character set</em>.
 </p>
 <p>For example, if you are running <small>GDB</small> on a <small>GNU</small>/Linux system, which
 uses the ISO Latin 1 character set, but you are using <small>GDB</small>&rsquo;s
 remote protocol (see <a href="Remote-Debugging.html#Remote-Debugging">Remote Debugging</a>) to debug a program
 running on an IBM mainframe, which uses the <small>EBCDIC</small> character set,
 then the host character set is Latin-1, and the target character set is
 <small>EBCDIC</small>.  If you give <small>GDB</small> the command <code>set
 target-charset EBCDIC-US</code>, then <small>GDB</small> translates between
 <small>EBCDIC</small> and Latin 1 as you print character or string values, or use
 character and string literals in expressions.
 </p>
 <p><small>GDB</small> has no way to automatically recognize which character set
 the inferior program uses; you must tell it, using the <code>set
 target-charset</code> command, described below.
 </p>
 <p>Here are the commands for controlling <small>GDB</small>&rsquo;s character set
 support:
 </p>
 <dl compact="compact">
 <dt><code>set target-charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-set-target_002dcharset"></a>
 <p>Set the current target character set to <var>charset</var>.  To display the
 list of supported target character sets, type
 <kbd>set&nbsp;<span class="nolinebreak">target-charset</span>&nbsp;<span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>set host-charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-set-host_002dcharset"></a>
 <p>Set the current host character set to <var>charset</var>.
 </p>
 <p>By default, <small>GDB</small> uses a host character set appropriate to the
 system it is running on; you can override that default using the
 <code>set host-charset</code> command.  On some systems, <small>GDB</small> cannot
 automatically determine the appropriate host character set.  In this
 case, <small>GDB</small> uses &lsquo;<samp>UTF-8</samp>&rsquo;.
 </p>
 <p><small>GDB</small> can only use certain character sets as its host character
 set.  If you type <kbd>set&nbsp;<span class="nolinebreak">host-charset</span>&nbsp;<span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>,
 <small>GDB</small> will list the host character sets it supports.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>set charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-set-charset"></a>
 <p>Set the current host and target character sets to <var>charset</var>.  As
 above, if you type <kbd>set&nbsp;charset&nbsp;<span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>,
 <small>GDB</small> will list the names of the character sets that can be used
 for both host and target.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>show charset</code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-show-charset"></a>
 <p>Show the names of the current host and target character sets.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>show host-charset</code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-show-host_002dcharset"></a>
 <p>Show the name of the current host character set.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>show target-charset</code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-show-target_002dcharset"></a>
 <p>Show the name of the current target character set.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>set target-wide-charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-set-target_002dwide_002dcharset"></a>
 <p>Set the current target&rsquo;s wide character set to <var>charset</var>.  This is
 the character set used by the target&rsquo;s <code>wchar_t</code> type.  To
 display the list of supported wide character sets, type
 <kbd>set&nbsp;<span class="nolinebreak">target-wide-charset</span>&nbsp;<span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>.
 </p>
 </dd>
 <dt><code>show target-wide-charset</code></dt>
 <dd><a name="index-show-target_002dwide_002dcharset"></a>
 <p>Show the name of the current target&rsquo;s wide character set.
 </p></dd>
 </dl>

 <p>Here is an example of <small>GDB</small>&rsquo;s character set support in action.
 Assume that the following source code has been placed in the file
 <samp>charset-test.c</samp>:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;

 char ascii_hello[]
   = {72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 119,
      111, 114, 108, 100, 33, 10, 0};
 char ibm1047_hello[]
   = {200, 133, 147, 147, 150, 107, 64, 166,
      150, 153, 147, 132, 90, 37, 0};

 main ()
 {
   printf (&quot;Hello, world!\n&quot;);
 }
 </pre></div>

 <p>In this program, <code>ascii_hello</code> and <code>ibm1047_hello</code> are arrays
 containing the string &lsquo;<samp>Hello, world!</samp>&rsquo; followed by a newline,
 encoded in the <small>ASCII</small> and <small>IBM1047</small> character sets.
 </p>
 <p>We compile the program, and invoke the debugger on it:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">$ gcc -g charset-test.c -o charset-test
 $ gdb -nw charset-test
 GNU gdb 2001-12-19-cvs
 Copyright 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 &hellip;
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p>We can use the <code>show charset</code> command to see what character sets
 <small>GDB</small> is currently using to interpret and display characters and
 strings:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) show charset
 The current host and target character set is `ISO-8859-1'.
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p>For the sake of printing this manual, let&rsquo;s use <small>ASCII</small> as our
 initial character set:
 </p><div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) set charset ASCII
 (gdb) show charset
 The current host and target character set is `ASCII'.
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p>Let&rsquo;s assume that <small>ASCII</small> is indeed the correct character set for our
 host system &mdash; in other words, let&rsquo;s assume that if <small>GDB</small> prints
 characters using the <small>ASCII</small> character set, our terminal will display
 them properly.  Since our current target character set is also
 <small>ASCII</small>, the contents of <code>ascii_hello</code> print legibly:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print ascii_hello
 $1 = 0x401698 &quot;Hello, world!\n&quot;
 (gdb) print ascii_hello[0]
 $2 = 72 'H'
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p><small>GDB</small> uses the target character set for character and string
 literals you use in expressions:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print '+'
 $3 = 43 '+'
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p>The <small>ASCII</small> character set uses the number 43 to encode the &lsquo;<samp>+</samp>&rsquo;
 character.
 </p>
 <p><small>GDB</small> relies on the user to tell it which character set the
 target program uses.  If we print <code>ibm1047_hello</code> while our target
 character set is still <small>ASCII</small>, we get jibberish:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print ibm1047_hello
 $4 = 0x4016a8 &quot;\310\205\223\223\226k@\246\226\231\223\204Z%&quot;
 (gdb) print ibm1047_hello[0]
 $5 = 200 '\310'
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p>If we invoke the <code>set target-charset</code> followed by <tt class="key">TAB</tt><tt class="key">TAB</tt>,
 <small>GDB</small> tells us the character sets it supports:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) set target-charset
 ASCII       EBCDIC-US   IBM1047     ISO-8859-1
 (gdb) set target-charset
 </pre></div>

 <p>We can select <small>IBM1047</small> as our target character set, and examine the
 program&rsquo;s strings again.  Now the <small>ASCII</small> string is wrong, but
 <small>GDB</small> translates the contents of <code>ibm1047_hello</code> from the
 target character set, <small>IBM1047</small>, to the host character set,
 <small>ASCII</small>, and they display correctly:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) set target-charset IBM1047
 (gdb) show charset
 The current host character set is `ASCII'.
 The current target character set is `IBM1047'.
 (gdb) print ascii_hello
 $6 = 0x401698 &quot;\110\145%%?\054\040\167?\162%\144\041\012&quot;
 (gdb) print ascii_hello[0]
 $7 = 72 '\110'
 (gdb) print ibm1047_hello
 $8 = 0x4016a8 &quot;Hello, world!\n&quot;
 (gdb) print ibm1047_hello[0]
 $9 = 200 'H'
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p>As above, <small>GDB</small> uses the target character set for character and
 string literals you use in expressions:
 </p>
 <div class="smallexample">
 <pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print '+'
 $10 = 78 '+'
 (gdb)
 </pre></div>

 <p>The <small>IBM1047</small> character set uses the number 78 to encode the &lsquo;<samp>+</samp>&rsquo;
 character.
 </p>
 <hr>
 <div class="header">
 <p>
 Next: <a href="Caching-Target-Data.html#Caching-Target-Data" accesskey="n" rel="next">Caching Target Data</a>, Previous: <a href="Core-File-Generation.html#Core-File-Generation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Core File Generation</a>, Up: <a href="Data.html#Data" accesskey="u" rel="up">Data</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
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	<a name="Character-Sets"></a>
	<div class="header">
	<p>
	Next: <a href="Caching-Target-Data.html#Caching-Target-Data" accesskey="n" rel="next">Caching Target Data</a>, Previous: <a href="Core-File-Generation.html#Core-File-Generation" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Core File Generation</a>, Up: <a href="Data.html#Data" accesskey="u" rel="up">Data</a>   [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
	</div>
	<hr>
	<a name="Character-Sets-1"></a>
	<h3 class="section">10.20 Character Sets</h3>
	<a name="index-character-sets"></a>
	<a name="index-charset"></a>
	<a name="index-translating-between-character-sets"></a>
	<a name="index-host-character-set"></a>
	<a name="index-target-character-set"></a>

	<p>If the program you are debugging uses a different character set to
	represent characters and strings than the one <small>GDB</small> uses itself,
	<small>GDB</small> can automatically translate between the character sets for
	you. The character set <small>GDB</small> uses we call the <em>host
	character set</em>; the one the inferior program uses we call the
	<em>target character set</em>.
	</p>
	<p>For example, if you are running <small>GDB</small> on a <small>GNU</small>/Linux system, which
	uses the ISO Latin 1 character set, but you are using <small>GDB</small>’s
	remote protocol (see <a href="Remote-Debugging.html#Remote-Debugging">Remote Debugging</a>) to debug a program
	running on an IBM mainframe, which uses the <small>EBCDIC</small> character set,
	then the host character set is Latin-1, and the target character set is
	<small>EBCDIC</small>. If you give <small>GDB</small> the command <code>set
	target-charset EBCDIC-US</code>, then <small>GDB</small> translates between
	<small>EBCDIC</small> and Latin 1 as you print character or string values, or use
	character and string literals in expressions.
	</p>
	<p><small>GDB</small> has no way to automatically recognize which character set
	the inferior program uses; you must tell it, using the <code>set
	target-charset</code> command, described below.
	</p>
	<p>Here are the commands for controlling <small>GDB</small>’s character set
	support:
	</p>
	<dl compact="compact">
	<dt><code>set target-charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-set-target_002dcharset"></a>
	<p>Set the current target character set to <var>charset</var>. To display the
	list of supported target character sets, type
	<kbd>set <span class="nolinebreak">target-charset</span> <span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>set host-charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-set-host_002dcharset"></a>
	<p>Set the current host character set to <var>charset</var>.
	</p>
	<p>By default, <small>GDB</small> uses a host character set appropriate to the
	system it is running on; you can override that default using the
	<code>set host-charset</code> command. On some systems, <small>GDB</small> cannot
	automatically determine the appropriate host character set. In this
	case, <small>GDB</small> uses ‘<samp>UTF-8</samp>’.
	</p>
	<p><small>GDB</small> can only use certain character sets as its host character
	set. If you type <kbd>set <span class="nolinebreak">host-charset</span> <span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>,
	<small>GDB</small> will list the host character sets it supports.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>set charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-set-charset"></a>
	<p>Set the current host and target character sets to <var>charset</var>. As
	above, if you type <kbd>set charset <span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>,
	<small>GDB</small> will list the names of the character sets that can be used
	for both host and target.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>show charset</code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-show-charset"></a>
	<p>Show the names of the current host and target character sets.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>show host-charset</code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-show-host_002dcharset"></a>
	<p>Show the name of the current host character set.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>show target-charset</code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-show-target_002dcharset"></a>
	<p>Show the name of the current target character set.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>set target-wide-charset <var>charset</var></code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-set-target_002dwide_002dcharset"></a>
	<p>Set the current target’s wide character set to <var>charset</var>. This is
	the character set used by the target’s <code>wchar_t</code> type. To
	display the list of supported wide character sets, type
	<kbd>set <span class="nolinebreak">target-wide-charset</span> <span class="key">TAB</span><span class="key">TAB</span><!-- /@w --></kbd>.
	</p>
	</dd>
	<dt><code>show target-wide-charset</code></dt>
	<dd><a name="index-show-target_002dwide_002dcharset"></a>
	<p>Show the name of the current target’s wide character set.
	</p></dd>
	</dl>

	<p>Here is an example of <small>GDB</small>’s character set support in action.
	Assume that the following source code has been placed in the file
	<samp>charset-test.c</samp>:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">#include <stdio.h>

	char ascii_hello[]
	= {72, 101, 108, 108, 111, 44, 32, 119,
	111, 114, 108, 100, 33, 10, 0};
	char ibm1047_hello[]
	= {200, 133, 147, 147, 150, 107, 64, 166,
	150, 153, 147, 132, 90, 37, 0};

	main ()
	{
	printf ("Hello, world!\n");
	}
	</pre></div>

	<p>In this program, <code>ascii_hello</code> and <code>ibm1047_hello</code> are arrays
	containing the string ‘<samp>Hello, world!</samp>’ followed by a newline,
	encoded in the <small>ASCII</small> and <small>IBM1047</small> character sets.
	</p>
	<p>We compile the program, and invoke the debugger on it:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">$ gcc -g charset-test.c -o charset-test
	$ gdb -nw charset-test
	GNU gdb 2001-12-19-cvs
	Copyright 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	…
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p>We can use the <code>show charset</code> command to see what character sets
	<small>GDB</small> is currently using to interpret and display characters and
	strings:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) show charset
	The current host and target character set is `ISO-8859-1'.
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p>For the sake of printing this manual, let’s use <small>ASCII</small> as our
	initial character set:
	</p><div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) set charset ASCII
	(gdb) show charset
	The current host and target character set is `ASCII'.
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p>Let’s assume that <small>ASCII</small> is indeed the correct character set for our
	host system — in other words, let’s assume that if <small>GDB</small> prints
	characters using the <small>ASCII</small> character set, our terminal will display
	them properly. Since our current target character set is also
	<small>ASCII</small>, the contents of <code>ascii_hello</code> print legibly:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print ascii_hello
	$1 = 0x401698 "Hello, world!\n"
	(gdb) print ascii_hello[0]
	$2 = 72 'H'
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p><small>GDB</small> uses the target character set for character and string
	literals you use in expressions:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print '+'
	$3 = 43 '+'
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p>The <small>ASCII</small> character set uses the number 43 to encode the ‘<samp>+</samp>’
	character.
	</p>
	<p><small>GDB</small> relies on the user to tell it which character set the
	target program uses. If we print <code>ibm1047_hello</code> while our target
	character set is still <small>ASCII</small>, we get jibberish:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print ibm1047_hello
	$4 = 0x4016a8 "\310\205\223\223\226k@\246\226\231\223\204Z%"
	(gdb) print ibm1047_hello[0]
	$5 = 200 '\310'
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p>If we invoke the <code>set target-charset</code> followed by <tt class="key">TAB</tt><tt class="key">TAB</tt>,
	<small>GDB</small> tells us the character sets it supports:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) set target-charset
	ASCII EBCDIC-US IBM1047 ISO-8859-1
	(gdb) set target-charset
	</pre></div>

	<p>We can select <small>IBM1047</small> as our target character set, and examine the
	program’s strings again. Now the <small>ASCII</small> string is wrong, but
	<small>GDB</small> translates the contents of <code>ibm1047_hello</code> from the
	target character set, <small>IBM1047</small>, to the host character set,
	<small>ASCII</small>, and they display correctly:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) set target-charset IBM1047
	(gdb) show charset
	The current host character set is `ASCII'.
	The current target character set is `IBM1047'.
	(gdb) print ascii_hello
	$6 = 0x401698 "\110\145%%?\054\040\167?\162%\144\041\012"
	(gdb) print ascii_hello[0]
	$7 = 72 '\110'
	(gdb) print ibm1047_hello
	$8 = 0x4016a8 "Hello, world!\n"
	(gdb) print ibm1047_hello[0]
	$9 = 200 'H'
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p>As above, <small>GDB</small> uses the target character set for character and
	string literals you use in expressions:
	</p>
	<div class="smallexample">
	<pre class="smallexample">(gdb) print '+'
	$10 = 78 '+'
	(gdb)
	</pre></div>

	<p>The <small>IBM1047</small> character set uses the number 78 to encode the ‘<samp>+</samp>’
	character.
	</p>
	<hr>
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