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| <a name="Analysis-Options"></a> |
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| Next: <a href="Miscellaneous-Options.html#Miscellaneous-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Miscellaneous Options</a>, Previous: <a href="Output-Options.html#Output-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output Options</a>, Up: <a href="Invoking.html#Invoking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p> |
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| <a name="Analysis-Options-1"></a> |
| <h3 class="section">4.2 Analysis Options</h3> |
| |
| <dl compact="compact"> |
| <dt><code>-a</code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--no-static</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-a</samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to suppress the printing of |
| statically declared (private) functions. (These are functions whose |
| names are not listed as global, and which are not visible outside the |
| file/function/block where they were defined.) Time spent in these |
| functions, calls to/from them, etc., will all be attributed to the |
| function that was loaded directly before it in the executable file. |
| This option affects both the flat profile and the call graph. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-c</code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--static-call-graph</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-c</samp>’ option causes the call graph of the program to be |
| augmented by a heuristic which examines the text space of the object |
| file and identifies function calls in the binary machine code. |
| Since normal call graph records are only generated when functions are |
| entered, this option identifies children that could have been called, |
| but never were. Calls to functions that were not compiled with |
| profiling enabled are also identified, but only if symbol table |
| entries are present for them. |
| Calls to dynamic library routines are typically <em>not</em> found |
| by this option. |
| Parents or children identified via this heuristic |
| are indicated in the call graph with call counts of ‘<samp>0</samp>’. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-D</code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--ignore-non-functions</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-D</samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to ignore symbols which |
| are not known to be functions. This option will give more accurate |
| profile data on systems where it is supported (Solaris and HPUX for |
| example). |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-k <var>from</var>/<var>to</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-k</samp>’ option allows you to delete from the call graph any arcs from |
| symbols matching symspec <var>from</var> to those matching symspec <var>to</var>. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-l</code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--line</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-l</samp>’ option enables line-by-line profiling, which causes |
| histogram hits to be charged to individual source code lines, |
| instead of functions. This feature only works with programs compiled |
| by older versions of the <code>gcc</code> compiler. Newer versions of |
| <code>gcc</code> are designed to work with the <code>gcov</code> tool instead. |
| </p> |
| <p>If the program was compiled with basic-block counting enabled, |
| this option will also identify how many times each line of |
| code was executed. |
| While line-by-line profiling can help isolate where in a large function |
| a program is spending its time, it also significantly increases |
| the running time of <code>gprof</code>, and magnifies statistical |
| inaccuracies. |
| See <a href="Sampling-Error.html#Sampling-Error">Statistical Sampling Error</a>. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-m <var>num</var></code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--min-count=<var>num</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>This option affects execution count output only. |
| Symbols that are executed less than <var>num</var> times are suppressed. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-n<var>symspec</var></code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--time=<var>symspec</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-n</samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code>, in its call graph analysis, |
| to only propagate times for symbols matching <var>symspec</var>. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-N<var>symspec</var></code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--no-time=<var>symspec</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-n</samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code>, in its call graph analysis, |
| not to propagate times for symbols matching <var>symspec</var>. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-S<var>filename</var></code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--external-symbol-table=<var>filename</var></code></dt> |
| <dd><p>The ‘<samp>-S</samp>’ option causes <code>gprof</code> to read an external symbol table |
| file, such as <samp>/proc/kallsyms</samp>, rather than read the symbol table |
| from the given object file (the default is <code>a.out</code>). This is useful |
| for profiling kernel modules. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| <dt><code>-z</code></dt> |
| <dt><code>--display-unused-functions</code></dt> |
| <dd><p>If you give the ‘<samp>-z</samp>’ option, <code>gprof</code> will mention all |
| functions in the flat profile, even those that were never called, and |
| that had no time spent in them. This is useful in conjunction with the |
| ‘<samp>-c</samp>’ option for discovering which routines were never called. |
| </p> |
| </dd> |
| </dl> |
| |
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| Next: <a href="Miscellaneous-Options.html#Miscellaneous-Options" accesskey="n" rel="next">Miscellaneous Options</a>, Previous: <a href="Output-Options.html#Output-Options" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Output Options</a>, Up: <a href="Invoking.html#Invoking" accesskey="u" rel="up">Invoking</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p> |
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