| <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> |
| <html> |
| <!-- This file documents the gprof profiler of the GNU system. |
| |
| Copyright (C) 1988, 1992, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, |
| 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| |
| Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 |
| or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no |
| Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the |
| section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". |
| --> |
| <!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.2, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ --> |
| <head> |
| <title>GNU gprof: Assumptions</title> |
| |
| <meta name="description" content="GNU gprof: Assumptions"> |
| <meta name="keywords" content="GNU gprof: Assumptions"> |
| <meta name="resource-type" content="document"> |
| <meta name="distribution" content="global"> |
| <meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo"> |
| <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"> |
| <link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top"> |
| <link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents"> |
| <link href="Inaccuracy.html#Inaccuracy" rel="up" title="Inaccuracy"> |
| <link href="How-do-I_003f.html#How-do-I_003f" rel="next" title="How do I?"> |
| <link href="Sampling-Error.html#Sampling-Error" rel="prev" title="Sampling Error"> |
| <style type="text/css"> |
| <!-- |
| a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none} |
| blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller} |
| div.display {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.example {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller} |
| div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em} |
| kbd {font-style:oblique} |
| pre.display {font-family: inherit} |
| pre.format {font-family: inherit} |
| pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif} |
| pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif} |
| pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} |
| pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller} |
| pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller} |
| pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller} |
| span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap} |
| span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap} |
| span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal} |
| span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal} |
| ul.no-bullet {list-style: none} |
| --> |
| </style> |
| |
| |
| </head> |
| |
| <body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000"> |
| <a name="Assumptions"></a> |
| <div class="header"> |
| <p> |
| Previous: <a href="Sampling-Error.html#Sampling-Error" accesskey="p" rel="prev">Sampling Error</a>, Up: <a href="Inaccuracy.html#Inaccuracy" accesskey="u" rel="up">Inaccuracy</a> [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>]</p> |
| </div> |
| <hr> |
| <a name="Estimating-children-Times"></a> |
| <h3 class="section">6.2 Estimating <code>children</code> Times</h3> |
| |
| <p>Some of the figures in the call graph are estimates—for example, the |
| <code>children</code> time values and all the time figures in caller and |
| subroutine lines. |
| </p> |
| <p>There is no direct information about these measurements in the profile |
| data itself. Instead, <code>gprof</code> estimates them by making an assumption |
| about your program that might or might not be true. |
| </p> |
| <p>The assumption made is that the average time spent in each call to any |
| function <code>foo</code> is not correlated with who called <code>foo</code>. If |
| <code>foo</code> used 5 seconds in all, and 2/5 of the calls to <code>foo</code> came |
| from <code>a</code>, then <code>foo</code> contributes 2 seconds to <code>a</code>’s |
| <code>children</code> time, by assumption. |
| </p> |
| <p>This assumption is usually true enough, but for some programs it is far |
| from true. Suppose that <code>foo</code> returns very quickly when its argument |
| is zero; suppose that <code>a</code> always passes zero as an argument, while |
| other callers of <code>foo</code> pass other arguments. In this program, all the |
| time spent in <code>foo</code> is in the calls from callers other than <code>a</code>. |
| But <code>gprof</code> has no way of knowing this; it will blindly and |
| incorrectly charge 2 seconds of time in <code>foo</code> to the children of |
| <code>a</code>. |
| </p> |
| <p>We hope some day to put more complete data into <samp>gmon.out</samp>, so that |
| this assumption is no longer needed, if we can figure out how. For the |
| novice, the estimated figures are usually more useful than misleading. |
| </p> |
| |
| |
| |
| </body> |
| </html> |