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| <h2 class="chapter">10 addr2line</h2> |
| |
| <p><a name="index-addr2line-144"></a><a name="index-address-to-file-name-and-line-number-145"></a> |
| <!-- man title addr2line convert addresses into file names and line numbers --> |
| |
| <pre class="smallexample"> <!-- man begin SYNOPSIS addr2line --> |
| addr2line [<samp><span class="option">-a</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--addresses</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-b</span></samp> <var>bfdname</var>|<samp><span class="option">--target=</span></samp><var>bfdname</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--demangle</span></samp>[=<var>style</var>]] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-R</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--recurse-limit</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-e</span></samp> <var>filename</var>|<samp><span class="option">--exe=</span></samp><var>filename</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-f</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--functions</span></samp>] [<samp><span class="option">-s</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--basename</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--inlines</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--pretty-print</span></samp>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-j</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--section=</span></samp><var>name</var>] |
| [<samp><span class="option">-H</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--help</span></samp>] [<samp><span class="option">-V</span></samp>|<samp><span class="option">--version</span></samp>] |
| [addr addr ...] |
| <!-- man end --> |
| </pre> |
| <!-- man begin DESCRIPTION addr2line --> |
| <p><samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> translates addresses into file names and line numbers. |
| Given an address in an executable or an offset in a section of a relocatable |
| object, it uses the debugging information to figure out which file name and |
| line number are associated with it. |
| |
| <p>The executable or relocatable object to use is specified with the <samp><span class="option">-e</span></samp> |
| option. The default is the file <samp><span class="file">a.out</span></samp>. The section in the relocatable |
| object to use is specified with the <samp><span class="option">-j</span></samp> option. |
| |
| <p><samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> has two modes of operation. |
| |
| <p>In the first, hexadecimal addresses are specified on the command line, |
| and <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> displays the file name and line number for each |
| address. |
| |
| <p>In the second, <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> reads hexadecimal addresses from |
| standard input, and prints the file name and line number for each |
| address on standard output. In this mode, <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> may be used |
| in a pipe to convert dynamically chosen addresses. |
| |
| <p>The format of the output is ‘<samp><span class="samp">FILENAME:LINENO</span></samp>’. By default |
| each input address generates one line of output. |
| |
| <p>Two options can generate additional lines before each |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">FILENAME:LINENO</span></samp>’ line (in that order). |
| |
| <p>If the <samp><span class="option">-a</span></samp> option is used then a line with the input address |
| is displayed. |
| |
| <p>If the <samp><span class="option">-f</span></samp> option is used, then a line with the |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">FUNCTIONNAME</span></samp>’ is displayed. This is the name of the function |
| containing the address. |
| |
| <p>One option can generate additional lines after the |
| ‘<samp><span class="samp">FILENAME:LINENO</span></samp>’ line. |
| |
| <p>If the <samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> option is used and the code at the given address is |
| present there because of inlining by the compiler then additional |
| lines are displayed afterwards. One or two extra lines (if the |
| <samp><span class="option">-f</span></samp> option is used) are displayed for each inlined function. |
| |
| <p>Alternatively if the <samp><span class="option">-p</span></samp> option is used then each input |
| address generates a single, long, output line containing the address, |
| the function name, the file name and the line number. If the |
| <samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> option has also been used then any inlined functions will |
| be displayed in the same manner, but on separate lines, and prefixed |
| by the text ‘<samp><span class="samp">(inlined by)</span></samp>’. |
| |
| <p>If the file name or function name can not be determined, |
| <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> will print two question marks in their place. If the |
| line number can not be determined, <samp><span class="command">addr2line</span></samp> will print 0. |
| |
| <!-- man end --> |
| <!-- man begin OPTIONS addr2line --> |
| <p>The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are |
| equivalent. |
| |
| <dl> |
| <dt><samp><span class="env">-a</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--addresses</span></samp><dd>Display the address before the function name, file and line number |
| information. The address is printed with a ‘<samp><span class="samp">0x</span></samp>’ prefix to easily |
| identify it. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-b </span><var>bfdname</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--target=</span><var>bfdname</var></samp><dd><a name="index-object-code-format-146"></a>Specify that the object-code format for the object files is |
| <var>bfdname</var>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-C</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--demangle[=</span><var>style</var><span class="env">]</span></samp><dd><a name="index-demangling-in-objdump-147"></a>Decode (<dfn>demangle</dfn>) low-level symbol names into user-level names. |
| Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this |
| makes C++ function names readable. Different compilers have different |
| mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to |
| choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. See <a href="c_002b_002bfilt.html#c_002b_002bfilt">c++filt</a>, |
| for more information on demangling. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-e </span><var>filename</var></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--exe=</span><var>filename</var></samp><dd>Specify the name of the executable for which addresses should be |
| translated. The default file is <samp><span class="file">a.out</span></samp>. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-f</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--functions</span></samp><dd>Display function names as well as file and line number information. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-s</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--basenames</span></samp><dd>Display only the base of each file name. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-i</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--inlines</span></samp><dd>If the address belongs to a function that was inlined, the source |
| information for all enclosing scopes back to the first non-inlined |
| function will also be printed. For example, if <code>main</code> inlines |
| <code>callee1</code> which inlines <code>callee2</code>, and address is from |
| <code>callee2</code>, the source information for <code>callee1</code> and <code>main</code> |
| will also be printed. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-j</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--section</span></samp><dd>Read offsets relative to the specified section instead of absolute addresses. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-p</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--pretty-print</span></samp><dd>Make the output more human friendly: each location are printed on one line. |
| If option <samp><span class="option">-i</span></samp> is specified, lines for all enclosing scopes are |
| prefixed with ‘<samp><span class="samp">(inlined by)</span></samp>’. |
| |
| <br><dt><samp><span class="env">-r</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">-R</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--recurse-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--recursion-limit</span></samp><dt><samp><span class="env">--no-recursion-limit</span></samp><dd>Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed |
| whilst demangling strings. Since the name mangling formats allow for |
| an inifinite level of recursion it is possible to create strings whose |
| decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space available on the host |
| machine, triggering a memory fault. The limit tries to prevent this |
| from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting. |
| |
| <p>The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be |
| necessary in order to demangle truly complicated names. Note however |
| that if the recursion limit is disabled then stack exhaustion is |
| possible and any bug reports about such an event will be rejected. |
| |
| <p>The <samp><span class="option">-r</span></samp> option is a synonym for the |
| <samp><span class="option">--no-recurse-limit</span></samp> option. The <samp><span class="option">-R</span></samp> option is a |
| synonym for the <samp><span class="option">--recurse-limit</span></samp> option. |
| |
| <p>Note this option is only effective if the <samp><span class="option">-C</span></samp> or |
| <samp><span class="option">--demangle</span></samp> option has been enabled. |
| |
| </dl> |
| |
| <!-- man end --> |
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